scholarly journals Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of the Hazardous Wastes and their Management in Industries of Damghan City

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Khanbeigi ◽  
Taleb Askaripoor ◽  
Hamidreza Nassehinia ◽  
Bahareh Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Hazardous Wastes ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Waste Products

Introduction: In recent years, unauthorized disposal of the hazardous wastes has threatened the human health and created many environmental problems in human societies. Given the direct and indirect hazards of these wastes, it is essential to collect information with regard to their appropriate management in Iran. The purpose of this study was to determine the quantity and quality of the hazardous waste and its management in industries of Damghan City in Iran. Methods: Initially, the list of industries in Damghan City was prepared. Later, the necessary coordination was made with the relevant organizations and active units were identified. After the field tours, information on the quality, quantity, and management of the hazardous wastes was collected by a questionnaire.  Results: The results showed that the total hazardous waste products in the investigated industries were 4795 kg per month; 36.36% of the industries produced toxic substances, 9.09% created corrosive substances, 36.36% flammable materials, and 18.18% resulted in reactive substances. None of the studied industrial units had a control system after disposal of the industrial hazardous waste. Furthermore, only 36.36% of the industries had specialized staff to collect and dispose the hazardous waste. Conclusion: To prevent environmental pollution and preserve the human health, a proper management system should be established for organizing the industrial wastes. Furthermore, identifying and gathering information about the industrial processes, raw materials, and waste products can be very useful in managing hazardous industrial wastes.  

scholarly journals Heterogeneity in the Chemical Composition of Biofertilizers, Potential Agronomic Use, and Heavy Metal Contents of Different Agro-Industrial Wastes

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Cajamarca ◽  
Douglas Martins ◽  
Juscimar da Silva ◽  
Mariana Fontenelle ◽  
Ítalo Guedes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Great Heterogeneity

Several agro-industrial, livestock, and food wastes can be recycled to create biofertilizers. This diversity of raw materials can result in nutritional imbalance and an increase in heavy metal content, which could make the final product unfeasible. Thus, the chemical characterization of the raw materials and their influence on the sustainable and safe production of biofertilizers need to be better understood. In this context, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the chemical characteristics of agro-industrial residues used in the manufacture of an aerobic liquid biofertilizer. We analyzed the macronutrient, micronutrient, and trace metal contents of seven waste products used as raw materials to create a biofertilizer. In addition, a survey of secondary biofertilizer data from different residues was carried out that showed great heterogeneity in the chemical compositions of these residues, which has a direct impact on the agronomic efficiency of these biofertilizers. The characterization revealed that some materials may be contaminants of the soil, due to high levels of trace metals, especially cadmium. We conclude that the generation of detailed inventories, such as those of the nutrient and heavy metal contents of the raw materials and biofertilizers produced, is indispensable for the correct recommendation of biologically-based inputs in agriculture.

Carbohydrate-Based Advanced Biomaterials for Food Sustainability: A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 842 ◽  
pp. 182-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arantzazu Valdés ◽  
María Carmen Garrigós
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Timber Products ◽  
Advanced Biomaterials ◽  
Processing Properties

The quality and safety of processed food strongly depend on their packaging and the protection that it provides. The increasing accumulation of synthetic non-biodegradable plastics in the environment represents a threat to the natural habitats. This has lead companies and researchers to explore different ways to develop bio-based polymers made from a variety of agricultural commodities and/or food waste products. Recently, plant-based polysaccharides such as hemicelluloses and celluloses have attracted attention as replacements for petroleum-based materials. In this context, the cell wall composition determines the quality of most plant-based products used in modern human societies. Nutritional and processing properties of plant-based foods are heavily influenced by wall properties. Fibres for textiles, paper manufacture, timber products and now, for fuel and bio-composites manufacture, are largely composed of, or derived from, walls. As the largest source of renewable carbon, plant cell walls have a critical future role in providing transport fuels, food security, functional foods to improve human health, and as raw materials for industrial processes. The use of cellulose materials as polysaccharides source offers the possibility of obtaining new advanced biomaterials for fresh or processed foods sustainability. In this review, the cell wall metabolism, extraction and hydrolyzation of polysaccharides in different microorganisms and plants, and their application for the development of new carbohydrate-based advanced biomaterials that can be applied for the food industry are reported.

scholarly journals Protection of water resources of the Carpathian region from pollution and negative consequences and their impact on human health

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
G. Gutsulyak ◽  
Yu. Gutsulyak
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
Main Thing ◽  
The Impact

Theoretical and practical issues of water resources of the Carpathian region are considered. An analysis of available water resources, use, sources and scale of pollution, their protection against pollution and adverse effects and the impact of these factors on human health. The development of production and improper conduct of economic activity by the relevant people, during which it began to use more and more natural resources, led to imbalances in the natural environment, which, in turn, led to a violation of the economic situation. This exacerbates the attention to economic problems and, above all, to the reduction of non-renewable raw materials and energy resources, to environmental pollution and loss of clean water, catastrophic reduction of fresh water, fertile land, many species of plants and animals, to preserve the necessary quality of the environment. the main thing, in the end, to the impact of all negative environmental factors on human health.

scholarly journals Hazardous Waste Transportation: an Overview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ashiq
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
River Pollution ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Hazardous Wastes ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
The Government

Increasing industrialization and globalization has spawned the unprecedented generation of environmental toxic and hazardous wastes. The existence of publicly known hazardous waste problems such as toxic spills, and river pollution that pose serious and very real threats to human health puts extensive pressure on the government to take an aggressive role in hazardous waste control and transportation. The main objective of hazardous waste transportation is public safety. Each government has the responsibility to ensure that hazardous materials should be transported safely for the social and economic good of the country. Hazardous waste management is now a major and urgent global concern. Various techniques, models, and guidelines for the perception of risks associated with the transport of the hazardous materials are developed. Database of the accident data are developed by transportation agencies to be used for the development of models to improve safety of hazardous waste transportation. Based on the available risk perception models, accident models, the type of hazardous material, origin/destination, and the availability of emergency response routes for their transport are properly designed. Advanced technologies, automated vehicle location system (AVL) and geographical information system (GIS) are also used for the analysis and modeling for the safe transport of hazardous materials. The purpose of this project is to present a literature review of hazardous waste materials and their impact on human health, regulations to control the movement of hazardous materials, Basel Convention and its effectiveness, treatment and disposal of hazardous materials, model developments for risk perception and management and the use of advanced technologies for safe transportation of hazardous wastes. Based on the literature review, the conclusions and future recommendations for possible improvement of the models and techniques used for safe transportation of hazardous wastes are presented.

scholarly journals Hazardous Waste Transportation: an Overview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ashiq
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
River Pollution ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Hazardous Wastes ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
The Government

Increasing industrialization and globalization has spawned the unprecedented generation of environmental toxic and hazardous wastes. The existence of publicly known hazardous waste problems such as toxic spills, and river pollution that pose serious and very real threats to human health puts extensive pressure on the government to take an aggressive role in hazardous waste control and transportation. The main objective of hazardous waste transportation is public safety. Each government has the responsibility to ensure that hazardous materials should be transported safely for the social and economic good of the country. Hazardous waste management is now a major and urgent global concern. Various techniques, models, and guidelines for the perception of risks associated with the transport of the hazardous materials are developed. Database of the accident data are developed by transportation agencies to be used for the development of models to improve safety of hazardous waste transportation. Based on the available risk perception models, accident models, the type of hazardous material, origin/destination, and the availability of emergency response routes for their transport are properly designed. Advanced technologies, automated vehicle location system (AVL) and geographical information system (GIS) are also used for the analysis and modeling for the safe transport of hazardous materials. The purpose of this project is to present a literature review of hazardous waste materials and their impact on human health, regulations to control the movement of hazardous materials, Basel Convention and its effectiveness, treatment and disposal of hazardous materials, model developments for risk perception and management and the use of advanced technologies for safe transportation of hazardous wastes. Based on the literature review, the conclusions and future recommendations for possible improvement of the models and techniques used for safe transportation of hazardous wastes are presented.

scholarly journals The Health Impacts of Toxic Remnants of War on Civilian Populations: A Scoping Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (s1) ◽  
pp. s32-s32
Author(s):  
Jo Durham ◽  
Stacey Pizzino
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Sulfur Mustard ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Human Health Impacts

Introduction:An estimated two billion people are currently affected by war, with civilian populations increasingly exposed to the hazards of armed conflict. While the effect of explosive remnants of conflict is well documented, the impacts of the toxic remnants of war on civilian health are less well understood.Methods:This study was a scoping review examining the human health impacts of exposure to toxic remnants of war. Toxic remnants of war refer to any toxic or radiological substances arising from military activities. In this study, however, the focus was limited to the health effects of exposure to toxic substances and explosive by-products from munitions fired, dropped, or abandoned during conflict. The following databases were searched: Embase PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess the methodological quality of studies that met the inclusion criteria.Results:Common toxicants reported on were Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin TCDD, white phosphorus, depleted uranium, lead, mercury, and sulfur mustard. Common health effects included respiratory diseases as well as cutaneous, cardiovascular, reproductive, and congenital effects. Posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, cognitive impairments, and decreased quality of life were also commonly reported. The evidence base, however, is mixed with heterogeneity in study design and outcome measures. Lack of baseline data and inadequate exposure models make establishing an adverse causal relationship between an agent and a disease challenging.Discussion:Civilian exposures to toxic remnants of conflict remain understudied and under-addressed. The study suggests assessment of the human health impacts of toxicants should be part of a post-conflict response, especially given the potential long-term intergenerational effects. The current lack of recognition of the human health impacts of toxic remnants of conflict also limits the amount of global resources assigned to post-conflict decontamination.

Pollution Characteristic Analysis during the Recycling Process of Waste Methanol

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 540-544
Author(s):  
Ying Qun Ma ◽  
Hong Zhi Ma ◽  
Lu Zheng ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
Yi Feng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
High Concentrations

According to the directory of hazardous waste, Waste methanol belongs to the hazardous waste. Production of methanol will produce ethers, ketones and other impurities. During the distillation for waste methanol, high concentrations of distillation waste will be produced. In this paper, waste methanol recovery process in a southern chemical plant was adopted as the research object. Methanol and distillation waste were sampled and analyzed, combined with domestic research findings about waste methanol and other organic pollutants, the emission and pollution characteristics of waste methanol were discussed. The results show that Ethers and ketones are the main contaminants of methanol; it has potential hazards for products with such methanol as raw materials. The distillation waste has high COD concentration, containes methanol, mixed alcohol and other toxic substances, which has the risks for environmental pollution and human health.

Ecological-Agrochemical Land Evaluation and Classification under Organic Farming

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1588
Author(s):  
Oleg GORB ◽  
Ilona YASNOLOB ◽  
Tetyana CHAYKA ◽  
Oleksii ZORIA ◽  
Tetyana DUGAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Land Evaluation ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Organic Farm

In modern economic conditions, economic components must be based on environmental components, especially for agricultural production, which ensures economic and food security of the country. Therefore, management system of agricultural enterprises has to be supplemented with environmental and agro-chemical components in order to improve and increase soil quality. The peculiarities of ecological agrochemical farm lands’ evaluation and certification in Ukraine were considered in the article. Their necessity for farmlands used for manufacturing organic raw materials and products was determined. Land classification and characteristics according to the degree of suitability for manufacturing organic products and raw materials are given: suitable, limited suitable, unsuitable lands. Indices of soil suitability for organic farming and their standards have been studied, namely: humus content; topsoil depth; particle size distribution; reaction of soil solution; the sum of absorbed bases (Ca + Mg); soil density; the content of mobile compounds of phosphorus, potassium, micro- elements, easily hydrolyzed nitrogen, nitrogen by nitrification power and mobile sulfur in the soil. Emphasis is placed on land suitability for organic farming, as important direction of agricultural production eco-balance. Agro-technological measures to improve ecological and agro-chemical condition of the soil used in organic farming are presented, considering sanitary-hygienic condition of the soil, its ecological stability and agro-chemical soil fertility. Interdependence and responsibility of farmers for soil condition as a result of their economic activities, the expediency of forecasting possible contamination of crops grown in the future have been mentioned. It is emphasized that the received information is entered into the ecological passport of farms, which implies the manufacturing of organic crop growing and livestock farming products at the level of world standards. The influence of ecological-agrochemical condition of land under organic farming on the quality of raw materials and products was determined. Forecasting the quality of organic farm products and raw materials according to their biological full-value condition and environmental safety is carried out by assessing the groups of indicators: qualitative assessment of farm’s soil; ecological and agro-chemical certification of farm lands; environmental impact assessments of farming system and technologies of crop cultivation; ecological and agro-chemical assessment of lands for growing organic farm raw materials and products. Emphasis is placed on social responsibility of agricultural manufactures for products and soil quality. Thus, it is necessary to improve soil quality in Ukraine by introducing organic farming, which will ensure land management stabilization and strengthen their adaptability and enable to grow high-quality organic farm raw materials and products.

scholarly journals Disposal of Mining Waste: Classification and International Recycling Experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 02012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mourad Samir ◽  
Faruz Alama ◽  
Paul Buysse ◽  
Tomas van Nylen ◽  
Oleg Ostanin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Waste Classification ◽  
Additional Processing ◽  
Almost All

The main directions of mining and industrial wastes’ utilization are the production of building materials, their use in the construction industry without additional processing, and also the production of metals from metal-containing raw materials. It should be noted that current waste is preferable for the production of building materials, since they preserve the primary physical and mechanical properties and chemical composition and, moreover, can reach the consumer bypassing all other steps that are mandatory for waste consolidated (transportation, storage, etc.). For the production of building materials, not less than 30% of overburden and refinement tailings are suitable, almost all metallurgical and fuel slags, waste products of fertilizers and building materials. Even larger amounts of waste can be used for various laying and burial works (construction of road bases and dams, filling of worked out areas, leveling of the relief).

scholarly journals Determination of cadmium and lead in milk

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 140-143
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Zhitar ◽  
◽  
Natalia N. Yasсhenko ◽  
Anatoly N. Lyschikov ◽  
Elena G. Zinovieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

This paper presents the results of quantitative determination of cadmium and lead in milk, the quality of which is regulated by the Federal Law "Technical Regulations for Milk and Dairy Products" No. 88-FL of 12.06.2008, which indicates permissible levels of toxic substances in milk and basic dairy products. Cadmium and lead, as well as their compounds, are highly toxic substances of cumulative action and pose a serious danger to human and animal health, which makes regular monitoring of the content of these heavy metals in food, in particular milk, relevant. Eight samples of milk sold in the territory of the Chuvash Republic were selected as subjects of the study. Among them are six samples from popular shops of Cheboksara (trademarks “Just”, “Fresh tomorrow”, “From Krasuli”) and two samples of raw cow milk of private farms of Yadrin district (village of Grand Sundyr and village of Persirlana). The analysis of the crude, pasteurized and ultra heat-treated milk of various producers on the content of lead and cadmium at their joint presence was carried out by methods of an inversion voltamperometriya (GOST P 51301-99) and atomic and absorbing spectrometry (MU 01-19/47-11-92 “Methodical instructions by atomic and absorbing methods of definition of toxic elements in foodstuff”) and also in accordance with GOST 26932-96 “By raw materials and foodstuff. Lead Determination Methods” and GOST 26933-86 “Raw Materials and Food Products. Cadmium definition methods”. The minimum lead and cadmium content is found in “Just” brand milk samples of 0.0052±0.0016 and 0.0011±0.0013 mg/kg, respectively. The maximum lead content is found in samples of raw milk of Yadrin district (0.0262±0.0017 mg/kg), and cadmium – in milk of the manufacturer of the trademark “Just” from factory “Semisovsky” (0.0049±0.0007 mg/kg). It has been found that all the samples studied contain a very small amount of heavy metals, which does not exceed the MPC value, which makes it possible to highly assess the quality of milk and dairy products sold in Chuvashia.

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