scholarly journals Impact of Changing the Surrounding Urban Context on Sustainable Design of Historic Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 318 ◽  
pp. 04010
Author(s):  
Hafedh Abed Yahya ◽  
Khalid J. Aluddin Ismail ◽  
Turki Hasan Ali
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Impact

Research aims are to explain the impact of the built environment on the efficiency of sustainability of historical buildings. The most vital factor of sustainability in hot and semi-dry climates is the thermal efficiency of inner spaces. The conventional building materials used in historic buildings in Mosul have high thermal efficiency, but it works with the surrounding built environment as an integrated thermal system. This surrounding built environment could be exposed to dramatic changes within the efforts of reconstruction of Mosul city. Al-Aghawat mosque was selected as a case study due to its surrounding urban context and original conventional building materials. This research adopts ENVImet analysis method. Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) index was assumed to be the indicator for thermal comfort in hot and semi-dry weather. ENVI-met program applied for simulation of two cases at the hottest day in the summer of 2019-2020 through climatic data. The first case estimates the air temperature in the inner and open spaces of the mosque with its original surrounding context and then checks the air temperature of the same spaces after removing the surrounding context. The results reveal changes in thermal efficiency within the two cases. In order to conserve the thermal efficiency of the historic buildings, the researchers recommended adopting a conservation strategy of the surrounding context.

scholarly journals The Impact of Infiltration on Heating Systems Dimensioning in Estonian Climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 05004
Author(s):  
Raimo Simson ◽  
Taaniel Rebane ◽  
Martin Kiil ◽  
Martin Thalfeldt ◽  
Jarek Kurnitski
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Calculation Models

In this study we analysed the climatic conditions for infiltration estimation, different calculation methods and infiltration impact on heat load for heating systems dimensioning. To determine the wind conditions at low air temperatures of the coastal- and inland climatic zones in Estonia, 42 years of climatic data for Tallinn and Tartu were investigated. Calculation models with detailed air leakages were constructed of a single and two-storey detached house using dynamic simulation software IDA ICE. Simulations were carried out with the constructed calculation models, simulating various wind and sheltering conditions to determine the heating load of the buildings under measured wind conditions at the design external air temperatures. The simulation results were compared with results calculated with European Standard EN 12831:2017, methodology given in the Estonian regulation for calculating energy performance of buildings and with simulations using the default settings in IDA ICE based on the ASHRAE design day conditions. The percentage of heat losses caused by infiltration was found as 13-16% of all heat losses for the studied buildings. Simulations with historical climate periods showed that even in windy weather conditions the heating system dimensioned by the methods analysed may not be able to provide the required indoor air temperature. Analysis using the coldest and windiest periods showed that when systems are dimensioned by the studied methods, the highest decline in indoor air temperature occurs on the windiest day and not on the coldest day. The impact of high wind speeds and low sheltering conditions resulted up to 50% of all heat losses.

Towards Pedestrian Microclimatic Comfort: A Rapid Predication Model for Street Winds and Pedestrian Thermal Sensation

Nano LIFE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 1840006
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Mengnan Qi ◽  
Qiuhua Duan ◽  
Lei Huo ◽  
Julian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

Significant changes in the urban built environment have occurred due to rapid urbanization and increases in the urban population. Such alterations may produce environmental health-related issues such as urban heat stress, air pollution and traffic noise. This research undertook a field study to collect data including urban design parameters, micro-environmental factors and city climatic information. This work was conducted over a two-year period on three pedestrian streets located in high-density urban areas in Beijing. These areas were selected in order to study the influences of urban street canyon texture within a particular geometric layout, wind flow corridors and variations in air temperature on pedestrian microclimatic comfort. The results will facilitate the work of urban planners by providing them with information for use in improving outdoor thermal comfort through their designs. A total of 60[Formula: see text]485 samples were organized into training, validation and test sets. We confirmed our hypothesis that internal wind speed ([Formula: see text] is attributable mainly to the urban texture coefficient ([Formula: see text], air temperature ([Formula: see text] and leading-in wind speed ([Formula: see text]. The model was tested using the test data collected onsite, which demonstrated a very accurate goodness-of-fit; the model achieved an R-squared value of 0.82, which meant that [Formula: see text] as a dependent variable was 82% correlated to the three predictors as independent variables. With this computer simulation, urban planners can now predict and visualize the impact of changes on the built environment in terms of either the direction of solar radiation received or increases in wind speed, in return for the desired thermal comfort level for residents of the neighborhood.

scholarly journals An Integrated Approach to Assess the Impact of PCM [Phase Change Material] to Reduce the Energy Consumption in Buildings-a Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.24) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Mr. K.Pavan Kumar Reddy ◽  
Dr. B. Nageswara Rao ◽  
Dr. M. Srinivasa Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Latent Heat Storage ◽  
Change Temperature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Change Material

The achievable joining of Phase Change Material [PCM] in building materials has pulled in a lot of examination intrigue overall due to the need on a dangerous atmospheric deviation and further more the capacity of PCMs to reduce vitality utilization in structures owing to their warm vitality stockpiling capacities. As a substance with high warmth  of combination, PCM is equipped for putting away and discharging enormous measures of vitality inside the assortment of inert warmt in liquefying and hardening forms at the specific change temperature. For as long as 25 years,critical examination has been attempted on potential utilization of PCMs in concrete. Latent Heat Storage [LHS] aimed a PCM is unbelievably alluring because of its high vitality stockpiling thickness and its isothermal conduct all through the stage change process. Expanding the warm stockpiling ability of a building will upgrade the human solace by diminishing the recurrence of inside air temperature swings all together that the inside air temperature is nearer to the pre defined temperature for a broadened measure of time.

scholarly journals Exergy of heat flows in exchanger consisting f gravity heat pipes

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
D. Adamovský ◽  
P. Neuberger ◽  
D. Herák ◽  
R. Adamovský
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Heat Pipes ◽  
Exergy Efficiency ◽  
Heat Flows ◽  
Heat Processes ◽  
The Impact

The paper deals with the analysis of the impact of inlet air temperature on the exergy efficiency and exergy of the losing heat flow and determination of the relation between the exergy and thermal efficiency in an exchanger consisting of gravity heat pipes. The assessment of heat processes quality and transformation of energy in the exchanger are also dealt with.

scholarly journals Impacts of Small-Scale Urban Encroachment on Air Temperature Observations

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1369-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald D. Leeper ◽  
John Kochendorfer ◽  
Timothy A. Henderson ◽  
Michael A. Palecki
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Diurnal Temperature Range ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Reference Network ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Diurnal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Temperature Observations ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA field experiment was performed in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, with four instrumented towers placed over grass at increasing distances (4, 30, 50, 124, and 300 m) from a built-up area. Stations were aligned in such a way to simulate the impact of small-scale encroachment on temperature observations. As expected, temperature observations were warmest for the site closest to the built environment with an average temperature difference of 0.31° and 0.24°C for aspirated and unaspirated sensors, respectively. Mean aspirated temperature differences were greater during the evening (0.47°C) than during the day (0.16°C). This was particularly true for evenings following greater daytime solar insolation (20+ MJ day−1) with surface winds from the direction of the built environment where mean differences exceeded 0.80°C. The impact of the built environment on air temperature diminished with distance with a warm bias only detectable out to tower B′ located 50 m away. The experimental findings were comparable to a known case of urban encroachment at a U.S. Climate Reference Network station in Kingston, Rhode Island. The experimental and operational results both lead to reductions in the diurnal temperature range of ~0.39°C for fan-aspirated sensors. Interestingly, the unaspirated sensor had a larger reduction in diurnal temperature range (DTR) of 0.48°C. These results suggest that small-scale urban encroachment within 50 m of a station can have important impacts on daily temperature extrema (maximum and minimum) with the magnitude of these differences dependent upon prevailing environmental conditions and sensing technology.

scholarly journals English title is no available.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ا.د. محمد دلف احمد الدلیمی ◽  
وا.د. نسرین عواد عبدون الحصانی
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Desert Region ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Urban Characteristics ◽  
Climatic Characteristics ◽  
Selection Of

This study considers the urban characteristics of the old city of Fallujah and the impact of the prevailing climatic characteristics on its construction. In particular this study focuses on the suitability of the construction methods and materials for a desert region characterized by high temperatures and a lack of rain. The researcher relied on the analytical and descriptive methodology to reach the research objective. This study concludes that the bot arid conditions encouraged the construction of converging residential dwellings and narrow, twisted streets, designed to produce the largest area of shadows and thereby reduce the air temperature in these areas. The same purpose also contributed to the height of roofs and the selection of building materials used in the construction of walls and ceilings, as well as the distribution of spaces within the housing units. Keywords: Not Available

Energy efficiency for cooling buildings in hot and dry regions using sol-air temperature and ground temperature effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mostafaeipour ◽  
Hossein Goudarzi ◽  
Ahmad Sedaghat ◽  
Mehdi Jahangiri ◽  
Hengameh Hadian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Ground Temperature ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Shape Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose In hot and dry climates, air conditioning accounts for a large portion of total energy consumption; therefore, this paper aims to investigate the impact of sol-air temperature and ground temperature on the loss of cooling energy in hot and dry regions of Iran. Design/methodology/approach In line with this objective, the values of sol-air temperature along different directions and ground temperature at different depths were assessed with respect to climatic data of Yazd City. The impact of sol-air temperature and ground temperature on the rate of heat loss was investigated. So, energy loss of the walls aligned to four primary directions was calculated. This process was repeated for a 36 m2 building with three different shape factors. All analyses were conducted for the period from May to September, during which buildings need to be cooled by air conditioners. Findings Numerical analyses conducted for hot and dry climate show that sol-air temperature leads to a 41-17 per cent increase in the wall’s energy loss compared with ambient temperature. Meanwhile, building the wall below the surface leads to a significant reduction in energy loss. For example, building the wall 400 cm below the surface leads to about 74.8-79.2 per cent energy saving compared with above ground design. The results also show that increasing the direct contact between soil and building envelope decreases the energy loss, so energy loss of a building that is built 400 cm below the surface is 53.7-55.3 per cent lower than that of a building built above the surface. Originality/value The impact of sol-air temperature and ground temperature on the cooling energy loss of a building in hot and dry climate was investigated. Numerical analysis shows that solar radiation increases heat loss from building envelope. Soil temperature fluctuations decrease with depth. Heat loss from building envelope in an underground building is lower than that from building envelope in a building built above the ground. Three different shape factors showed that sol-air temperature has the maximum impact on square-shaped plan and minimal impact on buildings with east-west orientation.

scholarly journals Impacts of the Microclimate of a Large Urban Park on Its Surrounding Built Environment in the Summertime

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 4703
Author(s):  
Majid Amani-Beni ◽  
Biao Zhang ◽  
Gao-Di Xie ◽  
A. Jacob Odgaard
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Space Ratio

The cooling effect of green spaces as an ecological solution to mitigate urban climate change is well documented. However, the factors influencing the microclimate in the built environment around forest parks, diurnal variations of their impact and their degree of importance have not been explicitly addressed. We attempted to quantify how much various landscape parameters, including land cover and spatial location, impact the ambient air and surface temperature in the area around Beijing’s Olympic Forest Park. Data were taken along strategically located traverses inside and outside the park. We found: (1) The air temperature during the day was 1.0–3.5 °C lower in the park than in the surrounding area; the surface temperature was 1.7–4.8 °C lower; air humidity in the park increased by 8.7–15.1%; and the human comfort index reduced to 1.8–6.9, all generating a more comfortable thermal environment in the park than in the surrounding area. (2) The distance to the park and the green space ratio of the park’s surrounding area are significant factors for regulating its microclimate. A 1 km increase in distance to the park caused the temperature to increase by 0.83 °C; when the green space ratio increased by 10%, the temperature dropped by 0.16 °C on average. The impact of these two parameters was more obvious in the afternoon than in the middle of the day or in the morning. The green space ratio could be used for designing a more stable thermal environment. (3) Land cover affects surface temperature more than it does air temperature. Our data suggest that an urban plan with an even distribution of green space would provide the greatest thermal comfort.

scholarly journals Thermophysical parameters of the Kežmarok sandstone

2021 ◽  
Vol 1209 (1) ◽  
pp. 012004
Author(s):  
P Jaroš ◽  
M Vertal
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Thermophysical Parameters ◽  
Water Accumulation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Thermophysical parameters of building materials are required for calculating the complex heat and water transfer in building structures. It can be performed by modern simulation software such as Wufi, Delphin, Math, Comsol Multiphysics and other. This software is suitable for evaluation of water and heat transport in construction of historical buildings, because it can include the impact of water on material properties, driven rain, ground water, heat and water accumulation and other. The material properties of historical building materials are required for the use of this software. In Slovakia, the most used building material was sandstone. Sandstone from Kežmarok was chosen for this paper, which was used in the construction of historic buildings such as churches and town houses. The method of dynamic impulse transition by thermophysical tester RTB was used to determine the thermal properties of sandstone.

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