scholarly journals English title is no available.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ا.د. محمد دلف احمد الدلیمی ◽  
وا.د. نسرین عواد عبدون الحصانی
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Desert Region ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Urban Characteristics ◽  
Climatic Characteristics ◽  
Selection Of

This study considers the urban characteristics of the old city of Fallujah and the impact of the prevailing climatic characteristics on its construction. In particular this study focuses on the suitability of the construction methods and materials for a desert region characterized by high temperatures and a lack of rain. The researcher relied on the analytical and descriptive methodology to reach the research objective. This study concludes that the bot arid conditions encouraged the construction of converging residential dwellings and narrow, twisted streets, designed to produce the largest area of shadows and thereby reduce the air temperature in these areas. The same purpose also contributed to the height of roofs and the selection of building materials used in the construction of walls and ceilings, as well as the distribution of spaces within the housing units. Keywords: Not Available

scholarly journals Susceptibility of earth-based construction materials to fungal proliferation: laboratory and in situ assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 140-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Simons ◽  
Alexandra Bertron ◽  
Christophe Roux ◽  
Aurélie Laborel-Préneron ◽  
Jean-Emmanuel Aubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Microbial Density ◽  
Microbial Proliferation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Ecological Construction ◽  
The Impact

The impact of building materials on the environment and the health of occupants is nowadays a priority issue. Ecological construction materials such as earthen materials are currently experiencing a regain of interest due to both ecological and economic factors. The microbial proliferation on indoor materials can induce a deterioration of the building air quality and lead to an increase of health risks for the occupants. The issue of indoor air quality raises questions about the use of earthen building materials and their possible susceptibility to fungal development. The microflora of earthen materials and their ability to grow on such support are indeed poorly studied. This study focused on the quantification of both bacterial and fungal microflora along the manufacturing process. The impact of extreme humidity, simulating a hydric accident, on microflora development was analyzed on the surface and inside earthen bricks. The initial microflora of these materials was dramatically reduced during the manufacturing process, especially after heat treatment for drying. Proliferation of remaining microorganisms was only observed under high humidity condition, in particular for earthen materials with vegetal aggregates. Moreover, in situ samplings were performed on naturally dried earthen materials used in buildings. The characterization of the microbial density revealed a higher microbial density than on manufactured specimens, while microbial concentration and detected taxa seemed mainly related to the room use and building history. These results provide a better understanding of microbial proliferation on these materials.

scholarly journals Selection and spatial arrangement of building materials during the construction of nest turrets by grass-cutting ants

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 201312
Author(s):  
Daniela Römer ◽  
Marcela I. Cosarinsky ◽  
Flavio Roces
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
The Self ◽  
Nest Entrance ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Selection Of

Ants build complex nest structures by reacting to simple, local stimuli. While underground nests result from the space generated by digging, some leaf- and grass-cutting ants also construct conspicuous aboveground turrets around nest openings. We investigated whether the selection of specific building materials occurs during turret construction in Acromyrmex fracticornis grass-cutting ants, and asked whether single building decisions at the beginning can modify the final turret architecture. To quantify workers' material selection, the original nest turret was removed and a choice between two artificial building materials, thin and thick sticks, was offered for rebuilding. Workers preferred thick sticks at the very beginning of turret construction, showed varying preferences thereafter, and changed to prefer thin sticks for the upper, final part of the turret, indicating that they selected different building materials over time to create a stable structure. The impact of a single building choice on turret architecture was evaluated by placing artificial beams that divided a colony's nest entrance at the beginning of turret rebuilding. Splitting the nest entrance led to the self-organized construction of turrets with branched galleries ending in multiple openings, showing that the spatial location of a single building material can strongly influence turret morphology.

scholarly journals Criteria for evaluating the quality of building materials used at capital repair of multi-apartment houses

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-271
Author(s):  
E. N. Desyatko ◽  
◽  
V. D. Staroverov ◽  
A. A. Gerasimenko ◽  
K. Y. Mazneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Capital Repair ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Apartment Buildings ◽  
Prioritization Method ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Selection Of

The article considers the possibility of applying the prioritization method to facilitate the choice between materials with equivalent or similar characteristics when carrying out major repairs in apartment buildings. The currently existing problems of the major repairs of MKD in St. Petersburg are analyzed. A scale of criteria for the selection of materials is given and a methodology for the selection of building materials for the overhaul of apartment buildings is proposed.

scholarly journals An Integrated Approach to Assess the Impact of PCM [Phase Change Material] to Reduce the Energy Consumption in Buildings-a Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.24) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Mr. K.Pavan Kumar Reddy ◽  
Dr. B. Nageswara Rao ◽  
Dr. M. Srinivasa Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Latent Heat Storage ◽  
Change Temperature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Change Material

The achievable joining of Phase Change Material [PCM] in building materials has pulled in a lot of examination intrigue overall due to the need on a dangerous atmospheric deviation and further more the capacity of PCMs to reduce vitality utilization in structures owing to their warm vitality stockpiling capacities. As a substance with high warmth  of combination, PCM is equipped for putting away and discharging enormous measures of vitality inside the assortment of inert warmt in liquefying and hardening forms at the specific change temperature. For as long as 25 years,critical examination has been attempted on potential utilization of PCMs in concrete. Latent Heat Storage [LHS] aimed a PCM is unbelievably alluring because of its high vitality stockpiling thickness and its isothermal conduct all through the stage change process. Expanding the warm stockpiling ability of a building will upgrade the human solace by diminishing the recurrence of inside air temperature swings all together that the inside air temperature is nearer to the pre defined temperature for a broadened measure of time.

scholarly journals Globalization’s Impact on the Usages of Imported and Local Building Materials in Jordan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 971-975
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Local Materials

The process of choosing building materials is an essential part of the design process. Whenever architects and interior designers start to think about a project, one of the first things they consider is the materials that will be used in the production of the project. There is little research exploring the impact of globalization on the level of using imported and local building materials in Jordan. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the impact of globalization on the level of using imported and local building materials in Jordan and explore the impact of using imported building materials on the level of using local building materials in Jordan. For the purpose of this study, data gathered about the usage of imported building materials in Jordan and analyzed to observe any drops of rises of using specific building materials. Also, this data was used to understand the most common imported building materials used. This study requires a total understanding of the relationship between globalization and building materials and their impact on the economy and the usage of imported and local building materials. comprehension of this relationship will make it possible to find solutions to integrate the use of imported building materials and local materials. Globalization impact can be observed in other sectors in Jordan. The building materials market is being affected by the phenomenon of globalization. It was found that there is a noticeable increase in imported building materials or raw materials that are needed to manufacture building materials. If the attitude toward the usage of local building materials in Jordan keep decreases and relying on imported building materials in the construction section, there will be a recession in the local building materials in Jordan. Having this recession will have a greater impact on the building materials and local factories in the long term.

scholarly journals Environmental Evaluation of Building Materials of 5 Slovak Buildings

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Milan Porhincak ◽  
Adriana Estokova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Mineral Wool ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Environmental Evaluation ◽  
Operational Phase ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Building activity has recently led to the deterioration of environment and has become unsustainable. Several strategies have been introduced in order to minimize consumption of energy and resulting CO2 emissions having their origin in the operational phase. But also other stages of Life Cycle should are important to identify the overall environmental impact of construction sector. In this paper 5 similar Slovak buildings (family houses) were analyzed in terms of environmental performance of building materials used for their structures. Evaluation included the weight of used materials, embodied energy and embodied CO2 and SO2 emissions. Analysis has proven that the selection of building materials is an important factor which influences the environmental profile. Findings of the case study indicated that materials like concrete, ceramic or thermal insulation materials based on polystyrene and mineral wool are ones with the most negative environmental impact.

scholarly journals Niekonwencjonalne materiały budowlane w ujęciu biplotowym

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-277
Author(s):  
Ryszard Dachowski ◽  
Katarzyna Gałek ◽  
Lucjan Kamionka
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Paper Pulp ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Main Strategy

In the time of environmental threats and energy crises, sustainable development has become the main strategy of high and medium-developed countries. In construction, unconventional buildings materials used for the construction of the walls, are increasingly widespread in the construction of small single-family houses. This paper aim is to obtaining an optimal unconventional wall building materials. The selection of an optimal solution follows using multi-criteria decision making methods. The optimal solution was a brick made of paper pulp. The conceptual design of a residential building was designed for the most advantageous solution.

Analysis of Building Facade Materials Usage Pattern in Tehran

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 46-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Jalali ◽  
Danial Monsefi Parapari ◽  
Mohammad Javad Mahdavinejad
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
R Software ◽  
The Past ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Building Facade ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

Clever decision making in the selection of building materials is a topic that focuses on important aspects of the building industry.‏ The materials used in the facade of the building not only affect the appearance of the building and the city but also affect the environmental, social, economic, energy efficiency and other kinds of aspects. Considering the importance of this issue, in this research, the city of Tehran‏ was studied in terms of building materials and tried to solve the problems of Tehran by identifying and analyzing the current situation. Statistical analysis was performed using R software packages version 3.5.0 and Microsoft Excel. The most important result of the data is that travertine has been identified as the most commonly used material in Tehran since the past 10 years. In this research, after examining the various types of materials used in the facade of the buildings in Tehran, we seek to discover the relationship between the type of building materials and the building age. In addition, after examining sample buildings, several common types of combinations of materials have been presented in the facades of Tehran's buildings. Keywords: building materials, building facade, travertine

scholarly journals Negative Impacts (SBS) in residential buildings case studies from Kosovo

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Muhamet Ahmeti ◽  
Mimoza Sylejmani
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Sick Building Syndrome ◽  
Construction Products ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Sick Building ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

This paper presents the negative impacts on residential buildings in Kosovo, - as well as the main factors of the occurrence of sick building syndrome (SBS) in residential buildings in the case of Kosovo. It also examines the impact of different materials on this phenomenon and how many constructions in Kosovo are protected from this phenomenon. For the assessment of the impact of materials on health and the environment, it is necessary to consider all the phases. Starting from the phase of construction, selection of materials, application from the beginning of the use of the building, including all the materials processing from the beginning until their application, the use of natural resources for the production of various construction products, the necessary energy for the production and processing of the materials used, and the amount of release and imitation of CO2 (carbon dioxide). This paper also discusses the question of what sick building syndrome SBS is, how materials are affected by this phenomenon, what are the main materials affecting the residential buildings in SBS phenomenon in Kosovo, what buildings are affected by this phenomenon and how does this phenomenon affect human health. Furthermore, this paper provides a deep analysis on factors influencing the phenomenon of SBS in different municipalities and several companies. It also discusses the influence of Asbestos and its impact on SBS, through a survey conducted in different municipalities and institutions and other companies. Through this discussion the paper attempts to provide information on the current knowledge about asbestos, as well as the manner of its assembling and dismantling, storage and all other information related to this material which has a great impact on the appearance on phenomena of SBS. A special emphasis has been put on the impact of materials on our health, recent research on the materials used and impact on the appearance of SBS case, including the diseases that occur as a consequence of the occurrence of diseased buildings.

scholarly journals The Effect of Fire on Building Materials: The Case-Study of the Varnakova Monastery Cells in Central Greece

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1233-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterini T. Delegou ◽  
Maria Apostolopoulou ◽  
Ioanna Ntoutsi ◽  
Marina Thoma ◽  
Vasileios Keramidas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Non Destructive Techniques

The evaluation of the fire impact on building materials is of great scientific and socio-economic importance since fire can result in materials’ chemical and mechanical alterations, which leads to structural stability problems of historical and/or modern construction. This highly increases the cost of rehabilitation interventions. The case study of the Byzantine Monastery of Panagia (Virgin Mary) Varnakova is an example of the fire effect on both historical and newer stone masonries. The Varnakova Monastery is a typical 19th century monastic complex and, during its long history, it has undergone multiple reconstructions after major catastrophic events that have taken place due to its strategic geographical position and its financial and spiritual significance for the region. The last big-scale renovation of the Monastery was conducted between the years 1992 to 2014. However, in January 2017, a devastating fire destroyed the largest part of the monastic cells’ quarter. In this work, a diagnostic study of the different construction phases’ materials comprising the masonries of the monastery cells in their present state is presented. The examination of a series of samples through analytical techniques, such as optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and total immersion tests, along with the use of non-destructive techniques in situ, such as Infra Red Thermography, Digital Microscopy, and Schmidt Hammer Rebound tests, shed light on the preservation state and on the decay of the diverse building materials. In addition, the impact of the fire on their properties was investigated. The results reveal the diversity of the materials used in the historical masonries throughout the centuries, while the combination of analytical and non-destructive techniques demonstrates the damages induced by the fire.

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