scholarly journals Nosocomial infections: Importance of rapid and early detection of ESBL Enterobacteriaceae by molecular biology

2021 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 01014
Author(s):  
Hajar Lahdibi Sahraoui ◽  
Aicha Qasmaoui ◽  
Réda Charof ◽  
Jamila Hamamouchi ◽  
El Hassan Berny
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Empirical Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
Biological Criteria ◽  
Pcr Techniques

Nosocomial infections are a major public health problem. They are mainly caused by bacteria that often present antibiotic resistance profiles, which complicates their management. The diagnosis of these infections is based on clinical and biological criteria that lack sensitivity and specificity, and on microbiological examinations that are lengthy. Unfortunately, the inadequate empirical antibiotic therapy in many cases, and the late implementation of an effective treatment, are associated with the emergence and spread of bacteria that are multi-resistant to antibiotics, i.e. strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). Rapid diagnostic methods, identifying the pathogen and its resistance profile, are therefore necessary. Our laboratory is committed to develop PCR techniques to genotypically identify the most frequent ESBLs from four hospital facilities. Among all the enterobacteria detected, we observed the predominance of OXA type ESBL (38%), followed by CTX-M type ESBL (33%). TEM and SHV genes represent respectively 19% and 10%.The optimization of these technologies could allow the identification of all known resistance mechanisms in only a few hours and find new preventive or curative strategies in the fight against these nosocomial infections, to better respond to this health threat.

scholarly journals Parasite prevalence in a village in Burkina Faso: the contribution of new techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (05) ◽  
pp. 670-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Fortunato ◽  
Barbara Castagna ◽  
Maria Rita Monteleone ◽  
Raffaela Pierro ◽  
Giuseppe Cringoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Stool Samples

Introduction: Parasites are a major public health problem in developing countries. A coproparasitological and immunoparasitological study was conducted in Burkina Faso, in the rural village of Touguri, in November and December 2011. The coproparasitologic analysis was conducted in the pediatric population and seroprevalence surveys were conducted in the adult population to research intestinal, blood, and helminth parasites. Methodology: The coproparasitologic study was performed on stool samples using two diagnostic methods – standard microscopy and the FLOTAC technique. The total of 49 stool samples analyzed were obtained from children between two months and eleven years of age. The serology study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of P. falciparum, Echinococcus spp., Tenia solium, and A. lumbricoides using different immunological techniques such as ELISA and Western Blot techniques. The study population included 85 adult patients between 15 and 70 years of age. Results: Results of coproparasitological analyses showed Hymenolepis nana as the only helminth found, in 28.6% of the total number of patients. Results of serological evaluation revealed a practically null prevalence of Echinococcus, Taenia solium, and Ascaris lumbricoides, and a 77.64% prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum. Conclusions: Despite the small number (especially in terms of coprological samples) of individuals examined, this study showed that the parasite prevalence in a rural area of Burkina Faso has a significant impact in the general population, particularly in children. Another finding was that FLOTAC had a higher sensitivity than the widely used ethyl ether-based concentration technique for coprological sample analysis.

scholarly journals Evolving beta-lactamase epidemiology in Enterobacteriaceae from Italian nationwide surveillance, October 2013: KPC-carbapenemase spreading among outpatients

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Giani ◽  
Alberto Antonelli ◽  
Mariasofia Caltagirone ◽  
Carola Mauri ◽  
Jessica Nicchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Carbapenemase Gene ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
Nationwide Surveillance ◽  
Group 1

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), AmpC-type beta-lactamases (ACBLs) and carbapenemases are among the most important resistance mechanisms in Enterobacteriaceae. This study investigated the presence of these resistance mechanisms in consecutive non-replicate isolates of Escherichia coli (n = 2,352), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 697), and Proteus mirabilis (n = 275) from an Italian nationwide cross-sectional survey carried out in October 2013. Overall, 15.3% of isolates were non-susceptible to extended-spectrum cephalosporins but susceptible to carbapenems (ESCR-carbaS), while 4.3% were also non-susceptible to carbapenems (ESCR-carbaR). ESCR-carbaS isolates were contributed by all three species, with higher proportions among isolates from inpatients (20.3%) but remarkable proportions also among those from outpatients (11.1%). Most ESCR-carbaS isolates were ESBL-positive (90.5%), and most of them were contributed by E. coli carrying bla CTX-M group 1 genes. Acquired ACBLs were less common and mostly detected in P. mirabilis. ESCR-carbaR isolates were mostly contributed by K. pneumoniae (25.1% and 7.7% among K. pneumoniae isolates from inpatients and outpatients, respectively), with bla KPC as the most common carbapenemase gene. Results showed an increasing trend for both ESBL and carbapenemase producers in comparison with previous Italian surveys, also among outpatients.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF A DNA BASED PCR APPROACH WITH CONVENTIONAL METHODS FOR THE DETECTION OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS IN MOROCCO

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e2012049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathiah Zakham ◽  
Oufae Lahlou ◽  
Mohammed Akrim ◽  
Nada Bouklata ◽  
Sanae Jaouhari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Insertion Sequence ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Techniques ◽  
Potential Tool

Background: Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem and the rapid diagnosis and appropriate chemotherapy become the first priority and a serious challenge to improve TB treatment.In the objective of early TB diagnosis and rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in the clinical specimens, the utility of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using the Insertion Sequence 6110 (IS6110) as target was compared to conventional methods.Methods: Out of 305 patients with different clinical manifestations: suspected, new, drug relapse, drug failure and chronic cases were enrolled in this study and tested by mycobacteriological and PCR techniques for the investigation about the tubercle bacilli.Results: The results of the in house IS6110 PCR showed a good sensitivity (92, 42%) and high specificity (98%), the positive and negative predictive values were 96.4 % and 95.3 % respectively.Conclusion: This study showed clearly that the PCR testing using the IS6110 in the routine analysis is a potential tool for the rapid TB diagnosis, especially for critical cases and would be of great interest to help the clinician in the misdiagnosed critical cases by the traditional radiology.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Resistance in Gram-Negative Urinary Pathogens: From Country-Specific Molecular Insights to Global Clinical Relevance

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 800
Author(s):  
Branka Bedenić ◽  
Tomislav Meštrović
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most frequent hospital infections and among the most commonly observed community acquired infections. Alongside their clinical importance, they are notorious because the pathogens that cause them are prone to acquiring various resistance determinants, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL); plasmid-encoded AmpC β-lactamases (p-AmpC); carbapenemases belonging to class A, B, and D; qnr genes encoding reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones; as well as genes encoding enzymes that hydrolyse aminoglycosides. In Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, the dominant resistance mechanisms are ESBLs belonging to the CTX-M, TEM, and SHV families; p-AmpC; and (more recently) carbapenemases belonging to classes A, B, and D. Urinary Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates harbour metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) and ESBLs belonging to PER and GES families, while carbapenemases of class D are found in urinary Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. The identification of resistance mechanisms in routine diagnostic practice is primarily based on phenotypic tests for the detection of beta-lactamases, such as the double-disk synergy test or Hodge test, while polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of resistance genes is mostly pursued in reference laboratories for research purposes. As the emergence of drug-resistant bacterial strains poses serious challenges in the management of UTIs, this review aimed to appraise mechanisms of resistance in relevant Gram-negative urinary pathogens, to provide a detailed map of resistance determinants in Croatia and the world, and to discuss the implications of these resistance traits on diagnostic approaches. We summarized a sundry of different resistance mechanisms among urinary isolates and showed how their prevalence highly depends on the local epidemiological context, highlighting the need for tailored interventions in the field of antimicrobial stewardship.

scholarly journals Penicillinase plasmid Australia type in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Poland

2022 ◽  
Vol 204 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Szymon Walter de Walthoffen
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Lactamase Gene ◽  
Chromosomal Mutations ◽  
First Time

Abstract Purpose Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an etiological agent of gonorrhea which remains a major public health problem the mechanisms that determine resistance to drugs of the beta-lactam class, which are recommended for the treatment of gonorrhea, are currently the most important problem in its treatment. Chromosomal mutations are responsible for resistance to ceftriaxone and cefepime. The possibility of mutations in the gene encoding beta-lactamase (blaTEM) in the penicillinase plasmid may also turn out to be a serious threat. Methods The occurrence of resistance encoded on penicillinase plasmid has been investigated. For this purpose, the susceptibility of bacteria was determined and the gene for resistance to beta-lactams as well as the plasmids themselves was typed. Results Of the 333 strains tested, 21 (6.3%) had the beta-lactamase gene and produced penicillinase. Two of the beta-lactamase: TEM-1 and TEM-135 occurred among the tested strains of N. gonorrhoeae. Most of the known penicillinase plasmid types of N. gonorrhoeae were demonstrated: the Asian, the African, the Toronto/Rio plasmids and Australian variants. Conclusions In the first 3 years, TEM-1 beta-lactamases dominated in N. gonorrhoeae, which were replaced by TEM-135 in the following years of the study. Not all molecular methods are capable of varying the types of penicillinase plasmids. A particularly noteworthy observation is the fact that the Australia-type of penicillinase plasmid (3270 bp) was identified for the first time in Europe, and the second time in the world.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Gen Ctx-M Pada Esherichia Coli Penghasil Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (Esbls) Di RSUD Dr. Soetomo surabaya

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Yulianto Ade Prasetya
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Isolate ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Clinical Microbiology ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Agarose Gel ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Esherichia Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases

Esherichia coli producing Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBLs) responsible for the high number of disease and death from nosocomial infections because of an enzyme encoded by genes CTX-M. This aim of the research to identity isolates E.coli of urine patients, which is a collection of Clinical Microbiology RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya on the January-February 2014. The kind of the research use is observational descriptive with molecule approachment. The sample used is clinical isolate of E.coli producing ESBLs accumulated during January-February 2014 collection Clinical Laboratory RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya that is thirty isolate. The methods used for the detection of genotypic by PCR thus electrophoresis and visualized on agarose gel 1.5%. The results show that twenty seven isolate (90%) positive containing a gen CTX-M with the highest number found on the Interna Departement. Detection Bacteria producing ESBLs in genotype important that therapy an antibiotic the patients given more effective and efficient.

Molecular Docking and Quantum Studies of Lawsone Dimers Derivatives: New Investigation of Antioxidant Behavior and Antifungal Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo S. de Oliveira ◽  
David L. Palomino-Salcedo ◽  
Eduardo Zapp ◽  
Daniela Brondani ◽  
Thaynara D. Hoppe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Major Public Health Problem

Background: In general, fungal species are characterized by their opportunistic character and can trigger various infections in immunocompromised hosts. The emergence of infections associated with high mortality rates is due to the resistance mechanisms that these species develop. Methods: This phenomenon of resistance denotes the need for the development of new and effective therapeutic approaches. In this paper, we report the investigation of the antioxidant and antifungal behavior of dimeric naphthoquinones derived from lawsone whose antimicrobial and antioxidant potential has been reported in the literature. Results: Seven fungal strains were tested, and the antioxidant potential was tested using the combination of the methodologies: reducing power, total antioxidant capacity and cyclic voltammetry. Molecular docking studies (PDB ID 5V5Z and 1EA1) were conducted which allowed the derivation of structureactivity relationships (SAR). Compound 1-i, derived from 3-methylfuran-2-carbaldehyde showed the highest antifungal potential with an emphasis on the inhibition of Candida albicans species (MIC = 0.5 µg/mL) and the highest antioxidant potential. Conclusion: A combination of molecular modeling data and in vitro assays can help to find new solutions to this major public health problem.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Rapid Immunochromatographic Tests for the Direct Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases and Carbapenemases in Enterobacterales Isolated from Positive Blood Cultures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed S. Keshta ◽  
Nazik Elamin ◽  
Mohammad Rubayet Hasan ◽  
Andrés Pérez-López ◽  
Diane Roscoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Detection ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases

The incidence of bloodstream infections (BSI) with extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing and carbapenemase producing Enterobacterales (CPE) is increasing at an alarming rate, for which only limited therapeutic options remain available. Rapid identification of these bacteria along with their antibiotic resistance mechanisms in positive blood cultures with Gram-negative bacteria will allow for early initiation of effective therapy and limit the overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics in BSI (1).

scholarly journals Infections with Nontyphoidal Salmonella Species Producing TEM-63 or a Novel TEM Enzyme, TEM-131, in South Africa

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 4263-4270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tersia Kruger ◽  
Dora Szabo ◽  
Karen H. Keddy ◽  
Kathleen Deeley ◽  
Jane W. Marsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Amino Acid Substitutions ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases

ABSTRACT Salmonella spp. producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) have been reported in many countries, but there is no information on their prevalence in Africa. ESBL-producing Salmonella enterica serotype Isangi and S. enterica serotype Typhimurium strains have been noted in South Africa since 2001. A total of 160 consecutive isolates of Salmonella spp. were collected from 13 hospitals located in different cities in South Africa over a 5-month period from December 2002 to April 2003. All strains were screened for production of ESBLs by the double disk diffusion test and for AmpC production by assessing resistance to cefoxitin. bla SHV, bla TEM, bla CTX-M, and bla CMY-2 were sought from all ESBL-positive and cefoxitin-resistant isolates. A total of 15.6% (25 of 160) isolates produced SHV or TEM ESBLs, and 1.9% (3 of 160) produced CMY-2. Nine S. enterica serotype Typhimurium, eight S. enterica serotype Isangi, and three S. enterica serotype Muenchen strains produced either TEM-63 or a derivative of TEM-63 designated TEM-131. Both TEM-63 and TEM-131 have an isoelectric point of 5.6, and their sequences have the following amino acid substitutions compared to the TEM-1 sequence: Leu21Phe, Glu104Lys, Arg164Ser, and Met182Thr. Additionally, TEM-131 has an Ala237Thr substitution. ESBL-producing Salmonella spp. have become a significant public health problem in South Africa with particular implications for the treatment of serious nontyphoidal Salmonella infections in children, for whom extended-spectrum cephalosporins were the preferred treatment.

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