scholarly journals Penicillinase plasmid Australia type in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Poland

2022 ◽  
Vol 204 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Szymon Walter de Walthoffen

Abstract Purpose Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an etiological agent of gonorrhea which remains a major public health problem the mechanisms that determine resistance to drugs of the beta-lactam class, which are recommended for the treatment of gonorrhea, are currently the most important problem in its treatment. Chromosomal mutations are responsible for resistance to ceftriaxone and cefepime. The possibility of mutations in the gene encoding beta-lactamase (blaTEM) in the penicillinase plasmid may also turn out to be a serious threat. Methods The occurrence of resistance encoded on penicillinase plasmid has been investigated. For this purpose, the susceptibility of bacteria was determined and the gene for resistance to beta-lactams as well as the plasmids themselves was typed. Results Of the 333 strains tested, 21 (6.3%) had the beta-lactamase gene and produced penicillinase. Two of the beta-lactamase: TEM-1 and TEM-135 occurred among the tested strains of N. gonorrhoeae. Most of the known penicillinase plasmid types of N. gonorrhoeae were demonstrated: the Asian, the African, the Toronto/Rio plasmids and Australian variants. Conclusions In the first 3 years, TEM-1 beta-lactamases dominated in N. gonorrhoeae, which were replaced by TEM-135 in the following years of the study. Not all molecular methods are capable of varying the types of penicillinase plasmids. A particularly noteworthy observation is the fact that the Australia-type of penicillinase plasmid (3270 bp) was identified for the first time in Europe, and the second time in the world.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szymon Jerzy Walter de Walthoffen

Abstract Purpose. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an etiological agent of gonorrhea, which continues to be one of the most important public health problems. Currently, the most important problem in treatment is the mechanisms that determine resistance to drugs of the beta-lactam class, which are recommended for the treatment of gonorrhea. Chromosomal mutations are responsible for resistance to ceftriaxone and cefepime. The possibility of mutations in the gene encoding beta-lactamase (blaTEM) in the penicillinase plasmid may also turn out to be a serious threat. Methods. The occurrence of resistance encoded on penicillinase plasmid has been investigated. For this purpose, the susceptibility of bacteria was determined and the gene for resistance to beta-lactams as well as the plasmids themselves was typed. Results. Of the 333 strains tested, 21 (6.3%) had the beta-lactamase gene and produced penicillinase.The results allow to conclude that among the tested strains of N. gonorrhoeae occurred two of the beta-lactamase: TEM-1 and TEM-135. Most of the known penicillinase plasmid types of N. gonorrhoeae were demonstrated: Asian, African, Toronto/Rio plasmids and Australian variant.Conclusions.In the first three years, TEM-1 beta-lactamases dominated in N. gonorrhoeae, which were replaced by TEM-135 in the following years of the study. Not all molecular methods are capable of varying the types of penicillinase plasmids. A particularly noteworthy observation is the fact that the Australia-type of penicillinase plasmid (3270 bp) was identified for the first time in Europe, and the second time in the world.


2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-304
Author(s):  
Zahra SADEGHI DEYLAMDEH ◽  
Abolfazl JAFARI SALES

Beta-lactamases are the most common cause of bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. AmpC-type beta-lactamases hydrolyze cephalosporins, penicillins, and cephamycins. Therefore, the study aims was to determine antibiotic resistance and to investigate the presence of AmpC beta-lactamase gene in clinical strains of Escherichia coli isolated from hospitalized patients in Tabriz. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 289 E. coli specimens were collected from clinical specimens. Disk diffusion method and combined disk method were used to determine the phenotype of extended spectrum β-Lactamase producing (ESBLs) strains. Then PCR was used to evaluate the presence of AmpC (FOX) beta-lactamase gene in the strains confirmed in phenotypic tests. Antibiotic resistance was also determined using disk diffusion by the Kibry-Bauer method. A total of 121 isolates were identified as generators of beta-lactamase genes. 72 (59.5 %) isolates producing ESBL and 49 (40.5 %) isolates were identified as AmpC generators. In the PCR test, 31 isolates contained the FOX gene. The highest resistance was related to the antibiotics amoxicillin (76.12%), ceftazidime (70.24%) and nalidixic acid (65.05%). The results indicate an increase in the prevalence of beta-lactamase genes and increased resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, which can be the result of improper use of antibiotics and not using antibiotic susceptibility tests before starting treatment. Also, using phenotypic and molecular diagnostic methods such as PCR together can be very useful.


1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 2757-2759 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Vila ◽  
M Navia ◽  
J Ruiz ◽  
C Casals

A clinical strain of Acinetobacter baumannii (strain Ab41) that was resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics tested except ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, ceftizoxime, and imipenem produced three beta-lactamases: a presumptive chromosomal cephalosporinase, a TEM-1-like beta-lactamase (pI 5.4), and a novel OXA-derived beta-lactamase named OXA-21 (pI 7.0). The gene encoding OXA-21 was located in an integron. The nucleotide sequence showed three mutations compared with the sequence of OXA-3, with two being silent; the nonsilent mutation generated a substitution of Ile-217 to Met.


1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1641-1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Fournier ◽  
P H Roy

The beta-lactamase genes of Klebsiella oxytoca were previously divided into two main groups: bla(OXY-1) and bla(OXY-2). The two beta-lactamase groups were each represented by beta-lactamases with four different pIs. In each group, one form of beta-lactamase is more frequent than the others combined. The beta-lactamase gene of each representative beta-lactamase with a different pI that was not yet sequenced (pIs 5.7, 6.8 [OXY-2], 7.1, 8.2, and 8.8 [OXY-1]) was cloned and sequenced. The susceptibility patterns as well as relative rates and kinetic parameters for beta-lactam hydrolysis revealed that OXY-2 enzymes hydrolyzed several of the beta-lactams that were examined (carbenicillin, cephalothin, cefamandole, ceftriaxone, and aztreonam) at a greater rate than the OXY-1 enzymes did. Comparison of K. oxytoca beta-lactamases with plasmid-mediated extended-spectrum beta-lactamases MEN-1 and TOHO-1 implied that the threonine at position 168 present in OXY-2 beta-lactamase instead of the alanine in OXY-1 could be responsible for its modified substrate hydrolysis. In each group, the beta-lactamase with a variant pI differs from the main form of beta-lactamase by one to five amino acid substitutions. The substrate profile and the 50% inhibitory concentrations revealed that all substitutions differing from the main form of beta-lactamase were neutral except one difference in the OXY-1 group. This substitution of an Ala to a Gly at position 237 increases the hydrolysis of some beta-lactams, particularly aztreonam; decreases the hydrolysis of benzylpenicillin, cephaloridine, and cefamandole, and decreases the susceptibility to clavulanic acid (fivefold increase in the 50% inhibitory concentration).


Bacteriology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-46
Author(s):  
A.A. Filippova ◽  
◽  
M.Yu. Rubtsova ◽  
M.M. Ulyashova ◽  
N.K. Fursova ◽  
...  

Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health problem. In recent years, increasing of multi-drug resistant bacteria has been noted, which are resistant to different antimicrobial groups simultaneously, including beta-lactams. The main mechanism of anti-beta-lactam resistance in gram-negative bacteria is synthesis of various beta-lactamases that hydrolyze the antibiotics. The review is devoted to the analysis of data on the expression of beta-lactamase genes by multi-drug resistant bacteria and molecular genetic methods for their determination in RNA transcripts. Key words: antibiotic resistance, transcriptome, molecular genetic methods, beta-lactamases


2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Hong ◽  
Ala-Eddine Deghmane ◽  
Muhamed-Kheir Taha

ABSTRACT We report the detection in France of a beta-lactamase-producing invasive meningococcal isolate. Whole-genome sequencing of the isolate revealed a ROB-1-type beta-lactamase gene that is frequently encountered in Haemophilus influenzae, suggesting horizontal transfer between isolates of these bacterial species. Beta-lactamases are exceptional in meningococci, with no reports for more than 2 decades. This report is worrying, as the expansion of such isolates may jeopardize the effective treatment against invasive meningococcal disease.


Author(s):  
Kavi Aniis ◽  
Rajamanikandan Kcp ◽  
Arvind Prasanth D

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Objective: Beta-lactams are the group of antibiotics that contain a ring called as “beta-lactam ring,” which is responsible for the antibacterial activity.<br />The presence of resistance among Gram-negative organisms is due to the production of beta-lactamases enzymes that hydrolysis the beta-lactam ring<br />thereby conferring resistance to the organism. This study is undertaken to determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)<br />producing Gram-negative organism from clinical samples.<br />Methods: A total of 112 clinical samples were taken for this study. The combined disc synergistic test (CDST) was used for the phenotypic detection<br />of ESBL producers from the clinical samples. The genotypic identification of ESBL producers was carried out by alkaline lysis method by isolation of<br />plasmid DNA.<br />Result: A total of 87 bacterial isolates were isolated and identified. Among them, Klebsiella (41%) was the predominant organism followed by<br />Escherichia coli (33%), Proteus (10%), Pseudomonas (10%), and Serratia (6%). Among the various bacterial isolates, Klebsiella showed a higher<br />percentage of resistance. The CDST showed that 8 isolates of Klebsiella, 3 isolates of E. coli, and 1 isolate of Pseudomonas were found to be ESBL<br />producers. The genotypic confirmation showed that the two bacterial isolates, namely, Klebsiella and E. coli were found to possess temoniera (TEM)<br />gene which was the 400-500 bp conferring resistance to the antibiotics.<br />Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that early detection of ESBL producing Gram-negative organism is a very important step in planning the<br />therapy of patient in Hospitals. CDST continues to be a good indicator in the detection of ESBL producers.<br />Keywords: Beta-lactamases, Gram-negative bacilli, Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, Resistance, Combined disc synergistic test.</p><p> </p>


1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 616-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Bauernfeind ◽  
I Stemplinger ◽  
R Jungwirth ◽  
P Mangold ◽  
S Amann ◽  
...  

Plasmidic extended-spectrum beta-lactamases of Ambler class A are mostly inactive against ceftibuten. Salmonella typhimurium JMC isolated in Argentina harbors a bla gene located on a plasmid (pMVP-5) which confers transferable resistance to oxyiminocephalosporins, aztreonam, and ceftibuten. The beta-lactamase PER-2 (formerly ceftibutenase-1; CTI-1) is highly susceptible to inhibition by clavulanate and is located at a pI of 5.4 after isoelectric focusing. The blaPER-2 gene was cloned and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence of a 2.2-kb insert in vector pBluescript includes an open reading frame of 927 bp. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of PER-2 with those of other beta-lactamases indicates that PER-2 is not closely related to TEM or SHV enzymes (25 to 26% homology). PER-2 is most closely related to PER-1 (86.4% homology), an Ambler class A enzyme first detected in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. An enzyme with an amino acid sequence identical to that of PER-1, meanwhile, was found in various members of the family Enterobacteriaceae isolated from patients in Turkey. Our data indicate that PER-2 and PER-1 represent a new group of Ambler class A extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. PER-2 so far has been detected only in pathogens (S. typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis) isolated from patients in South America, while the incidence of PER-1-producing strains so far has been restricted to Turkey, where it occurs both in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and in P. aeruginosa.


2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 916-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-ichi Nakayama ◽  
Chanwit Tribuddharat ◽  
Sasiprapa Prombhul ◽  
Ken Shimuta ◽  
Somporn Srifuengfung ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTNeisseria gonorrhoeaeis a major public health problem globally, especially because the bacterium has developed resistance to most antimicrobials introduced for first-line treatment of gonorrhea. In the present study, 96N. gonorrhoeaeisolates with high-level resistance to penicillin from 121 clinical isolates in Thailand were examined to investigate changes related to their plasmid-mediated penicillin resistance and their molecular epidemiological relationships. A β-lactamase (TEM) gene variant,blaTEM-135, that may be a precursor in the transitional stage of a traditionalblaTEM-1gene into an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), possibly causing high resistance to all extended-spectrum cephalosporins inN. gonorrhoeae, was identified. Clonal analysis using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) andN. gonorrhoeaemultiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) revealed the existence of a sexual network among patients from Japan and Thailand. Molecular analysis of theblaTEM-135gene showed that the emergence of this allele might not be a rare genetic event and that the allele has evolved in different plasmid backgrounds, which results possibly indicate that it is selected due to antimicrobial pressure. The presence of theblaTEM-135allele in the penicillinase-producingN. gonorrhoeaepopulation may call for monitoring for the possible emergence of ESBL-producingN. gonorrhoeaein the future. This study identified ablaTEMvariant (blaTEM-135) that is a possible intermediate precursor for an ESBL, which warrants international awareness.


2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Williamson ◽  
Christopher K. Fairley ◽  
Benjamin P. Howden ◽  
Marcus Y. Chen ◽  
Kerrie Stevens ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a major public health problem. Traditionally, AMR surveillance programs for N. gonorrhoeae have focused mainly on laboratory data to describe the prevalence and trends of resistance. However, integrating individual-level risk factors (e.g., sexual orientation or international travel) with laboratory data provides important insights into factors promoting the spread of resistant N. gonorrhoeae. Here, over a 12-year period, we assessed the trends and risk factors for resistant N. gonorrhoeae in individuals attending a large publicly funded sexual health center in Melbourne, Australia. A total of 7,588 N. gonorrhoeae isolates were cultured from 5,593 individuals between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2018. The proportion of isolates with penicillin resistance decreased from 49.5% in 2007 to 18.3% in 2018 (ptrend < 0.001) and from 63.5% in 2007 to 21.1% in 2018 for ciprofloxacin resistance (ptrend < 0.001). In contrast, the proportion of isolates displaying decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone increased from 0.5% in 2007 to 2.9% in 2018 (ptrend < 0.001), with a significant increase in low-level azithromycin resistance, from 2.5% in 2012 to 8.2% in 2018 (ptrend < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified risk factors for multidrug-resistant (MDR) N. gonorrhoeae, namely, female sex and country of birth, with MDR isolates more common in individuals born in northeast Asia, further highlighting the importance of this region and international travel as factors in the cross-border transmission of MDR N. gonorrhoeae. Future surveillance work should incorporate additional epidemiological and genomic data to provide a comprehensive overview of the emergence and spread of resistant N. gonorrhoeae.


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