scholarly journals Multi-GEM Detectors in High Particle Fluxes

2018 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
P. Thuiner ◽  
F. Resnati ◽  
S. Franchino ◽  
D. Gonzalez Diaz ◽  
R. Hall-Wilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Flux ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Gaseous Electron ◽  
High Particle ◽  
Positive Ions ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Gem Detector ◽  
Particle Fluxes ◽  
Gem Detectors ◽  
Very High

Gaseous Electron Multipliers (GEM) are well known for stable operation at high particle fluxes. We present a study of the intrinsic limits of GEMdetectors when exposed to very high particle fluxes of the order of MHz/mm2. We give an interpretation to the variations of the effective gain, which, as a function of the particle flux, first increases and then decreases. We also discuss the reduction of the ion back-flow with increasing flux. We present measurements and simulations of a triple GEM detector, describing its behaviour in terms of accumulation of positive ions that results in changes of the transfer fields and the amplification fields. The behaviour is expected to be common to all multi-stage amplification devices where the efficiency of transferring the electrons from one stage to the next one is not 100%.

scholarly journals Study of the space charge effect in straw tube detectors for the PANDA experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 05018
Author(s):  
Narendra Rathod ◽  
Jerzy Smyrski ◽  
Akshay Malige
Keyword(s):  
Space Charge ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Space Charge Effect ◽  
Charge Effect ◽  
Panda Experiment ◽  
High Particle ◽  
Straw Tube ◽  
Positive Ions ◽  
Particle Fluxes ◽  
Gas Gain

The straw tube detectors in the PANDA experiment will work in high particle fluxes reaching up to 25 kHz/cm2. We performed measurement of the gas gain drop in the PANDA straws due to the space charge effect expected at the high particle fluxes. The applied experimental method and obtained results are presented and are compared with calculations of the gas gain drop based on known mobility of positive ions.

scholarly journals Performance of a triple-GEM demonstrator in pp collisions at the CMS detector

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. P11014
Author(s):  
M. Abbas ◽  
M. Abbrescia ◽  
H. Abdalla ◽  
A. Abdelalim ◽  
S. AbuZeid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Detector Performance ◽  
Proton Proton ◽  
Background Rate ◽  
Electron Multiplier ◽  
Gem Detector ◽  
Gem Detectors

Abstract After the Phase-2 high-luminosity upgrade to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the collision rate and therefore the background rate will significantly increase, particularly in the high η region. To improve both the tracking and triggering of muons, the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Collaboration plans to install triple-layer Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors in the CMS muon endcaps. Demonstrator GEM detectors were installed in CMS during 2017 to gain operational experience and perform a preliminary investigation of detector performance. We present the results of triple-GEM detector performance studies performed in situ during normal CMS and LHC operations in 2018. The distribution of cluster size and the efficiency to reconstruct high pT muons in proton-proton collisions are presented as well as the measurement of the environmental background rate to produce hits in the GEM detector.

scholarly journals Study of the GEM detector performance in BM@N experiment

2018 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Sergei Bazylev ◽  
Mikhail Kapishin ◽  
Kacper Kapusniak ◽  
Vladimir Karjavine ◽  
Sergei Khabarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tracking System ◽  
Deuteron Beam ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions ◽  
Fixed Target ◽  
Detector Performance ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Target Experiment ◽  
Gem Detector ◽  
Gem Detectors

BM@N is the fixed target experiment at the accelerator complex NICA-Nuclotron aimed to study nuclear matter in the relativistic heavy ion collisions. Triple-GEM detectors were identified as appropriate for the BM@N tracking system located inside the analyzing magnet. Seven GEM chambers are integrated into the BM@N experimental setup and data acquisition system. GEM construction, main characteristics and first obtained results of the GEM tracking system performance in the technical run with the deuteron beam are shortly reviewed.

Produced Particle Fluxes at Very High Energies

1972 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 2733-2736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Arnold ◽  
Edmond L. Berger
Keyword(s):  
High Energies ◽  
Particle Fluxes ◽  
Very High

scholarly journals A Prototype Combination TPC Cherenkov Detector with GEM Readout for Tracking and Particle Identification and its Potential Use at an Electron Ion Collider

2018 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Craig Woody ◽  
Babak Azmoun ◽  
Richard Majka ◽  
Michael Phipps ◽  
Martin Purschke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Particle Identification ◽  
Cherenkov Detector ◽  
Test Beam ◽  
Charged Particle Tracking ◽  
Gem Detector ◽  
Time Projection ◽  
Prototype Detector ◽  
Gem Detectors ◽  
Potential Use

A prototype detector is being developed which combines the functions of a Time Projection Chamber for charged particle tracking and a Cherenkov detector for particle identification. The TPC consists of a 10×10×10 cm3 drift volume where the charge is drifted to a 10×10 cm2 triple GEM detector. The charge is measured on a readout plane consisting of 2×10 mm2 chevron pads which provide a spatial resolution ∼ 100 μm per point in the chevron direction along with dE/dx information. The Cherenkov portion of the detector consists of a second 10×10 cm2 triple GEM with a photosensitive CsI photocathode on the top layer. This detector measures Cherenkov light produced in the drift gas of the TPC by high velocity particles which are above threshold. CF4 or CF4 mixtures will be used as the drift gas which are highly transparent to UV light and can provide excellent efficiency for detecting Cherenkov photons. The drift gas is also used as the operating gas for both GEM detectors. The prototype detector has been constructed and is currently being tested in the lab with sources and cosmic rays, and additional tests are planned in the future to study the detector in a test beam.

Synthesis and characterization of hybrid CdS/MEH-PPV nanocomposites for photovoltaic applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Laera ◽  
Vincenzo Resta ◽  
Emanuela Piscopiello ◽  
Monica Schioppa ◽  
Leander Tapfer
Keyword(s):  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Semiconductor Nanocrystals ◽  
Semiconducting Polymer ◽  
High Particle ◽  
Photovoltaic Applications ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Synthesis Procedure ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACTInorganic-organic nanocomposites, with II-VI or III-V semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) embedded in semiconducting polymer matrix, are very promising materials for photovoltaic applications.Here, we present an effective and easy synthesis procedure to obtain a hybrid nanocomposite with CdS NCs dispersed in poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-(2’-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) conjugated polymer. CdS NCs are synthesized directly within the matrix through the decomposition of a suitable unimolecular precursor dispersed homogeneously in the polymer.We show that CdS NCs are formed at low annealing temperature avoiding structural damages and without affecting the functional properties of the MEH-PPV polymer. The NCs diameter ranges between 1.5nm and 4nm depending on the annealing temperature. In addition, no coalescence phenomena of CdS NCs were noticed in TEM observations even at very high particle density (40 wt %).

Investigation into the Noise Characteristics Based on Rotating Instabilities Mechanism in a Multi-Stage Axial Compressor

2012 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 366-372
Author(s):  
Yun Dong Sha ◽  
Xian Zhi Cui ◽  
Feng Tong Zhao ◽  
Xiao Chi Luan
Keyword(s):  
Axial Compressor ◽  
Flow Region ◽  
Rotor Blades ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Theoretical Formulation ◽  
Azimuthal Mode ◽  
Noise Characteristics ◽  
Multi Stage

Rotating instability can be observed in the tip flow region of axial compressor stage while stable operation. In order to investigate the noise characteristics in a multi-stage axial compressor, the noise inner compressor casing is measured simultaneously with the vibration of the rotor blades on a high pressure compressor component rig testing. An azimuthal mode analysis and theoretical formulation of the rotating source mechanism are applied to the unsteady pressure at the casing wall immediately upstream of the inlet plane of the rotor. It is shown that RIs might be described by a group of superimposed modes. This is the reason why RIs can be identified as an amplitude increase in a frequency band. The mode orders of RI are consecutively numbered riseing with frequency. The frequency in the source frame (ωN) closed to the frequency in the rotating frame (ωN) can be got well recovered. The results presented in this paper can be a reference for further understanding of the characteristics of unsteady flow field and the effects of the high intensity sound waves on the rotor blades.

scholarly journals Determinants of Adoption of Cassava Technologies by Male Farmers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-127
Author(s):  
ME Ejechi
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Logit Regression ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Cassava Production ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Logit Regression Model ◽  
Very High ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The study investigated determinants of adoption of recommended cassava production technologies among male farmers in Nasarawa State. Multi-stage sampling technique was employed for the selection of the respondent. Structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The data were collected from 60 male cassava farmers selected from 6 out of 13 LGAs in the State. They were Karu, Kokona, Akwanga, NasarawaEggon, Lafia and Obi. Data were analysed with both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics such as frequency tables, and percentage were used to describe socio-economic characteristics of the respondents. Logit regression model was used to estimate the determinants of adoption of these practices. The results showed that awareness and adoption of these practices were very high (Awareness of all the practices ranges from 90% to 98.3% while the adoption is from 63.3% to 90%). Factors that positively and significantly influenced adoption by male farmers were income (p=0.01) and extension contact (p=0.1). The conclusion was that men made remarkable contribution in cassava production. It was recommended that Governments at all levels formulate policies aimed at encouraging and motivating male cassava farmers. Provision of loans to male farmers and subsidizing of inputs should be ae necessary. Cassava processing industries should be established to add value and increase income.Keywords: Adoption, Cassava Technologies, Male farmers.

scholarly journals Growth Optima and Supply-Chain of the Walnut Crop in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 708-720
Author(s):  
Bakhtaver Hassan ◽  
Mahua Bhattacharjee ◽  
Shabir A Wani
Keyword(s):  
High Growth ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Marketing Channels ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Compound Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Very High

This paper intends to study the Spatio-temporal growth of the walnut crop in Jammu & Kashmir, which holds a monopoly in walnut production in India. It also aims to assess the efficiency of the existing marketing channels of the walnut-crop in the region. A multi-stage random selection technique was used to collect primary data from three major walnut producing districts to identify the existing marketing channels and estimate their respective efficiencies. Compound-Annual-Growth-rate and Cuddy-Della-Valle index was used to estimate the growth of the walnut crop. Shepherd’s Marketing Efficiency Index was used to estimate the marketing efficiencies of the channels involved in the marketing of the crop. This paper found out very-high variability and slow growth in acreage, very-high variability, and high growth in production as well as in yield-per-hectare of the walnut crop.

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