scholarly journals Predictive and Characterized Pulsar Evolution From its Optical Pulsation

2020 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
pp. 06001
Author(s):  
Rizchel Masong
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Synchrotron Emission ◽  
Spectral Evolution ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Optical Efficiency ◽  
Extended Area ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Pulsar Evolution ◽  
Optical Pulsation

The measured and predicted variables of pulsar PSR B1937+21 were explored from the energetics obtained from the previous observation made. The target parameters such as the brightness, luminosities, and optical efficiency. A series of observations were analysed to determine the individual values of the parameters chosen. Within the extended area of optical pulsation, the values were plotted to determine the relation of it to synchrotron emission. The results were presented graphically to see whether PSR B1937+21 will remain consistent with the expected pulsar model. The researcher suggests that simulation and correlation of previous observation made together with a new one to explore the cause of optical pulsation from mass transfer and spectral evolution.

Bringing the Automation-Related Complacency Scale into the 21st Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1228-1232
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
System Failure ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Important Measure ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Performance Error ◽  
The Individual

Complacency potential is an important measure to avoid performance error, such as neglecting to detect a system failure. This study updates and expands upon Singh, Molloy, and Parasuraman’s 1993 Complacency-Potential Rating Scale (CPRS). We updated and expanded the CPRS questions to include technology commonly used today and how frequently the technology is used. The goal of our study was to update the scale, analyze for factor shifts and internal consistency, and to explore correlations between the individual values for each factor and the frequency of use questions. We hypothesized that the factors would not shift from the original and the revised CPRS’s four subscales. Our research found that the revised CPRS consisted of only three subscales with the following Cronbach’s Alpha values: Confidence: 0.599, Safety/Reliability: 0.534, and Trust: 0.201. Correlations between the subscales and the revised complacency-potential and the frequency of use questions are also discussed.

scholarly journals On some continuous observations of the rate of dissipation of electric charges in the open air

1905 ◽  
Vol 76 (508) ◽  
pp. 152-159 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Similar Work ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Variable Quantity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Atmospheric Conductivity ◽  
Rate Of Dissipation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sea Coast

During the latter part of 1902 and the early months of 1903 I resolved to take as many observations of the rates of dissipation of positive and negative electric charges as possible, and to continue them over the whole 24 hours of the day, and, when opportunity offered, over longer periods. There appeared to be little information regarding the rate of dispersion during the night hours. At about the same time that these observations were being made, Nilsson was doing similar work at Upsala, and found a noticeable maximum value for atmospheric conductivity at about midnight. The observations were made on the Canterbury Plains of New Zealand, at a station about 20 feet above sea-level and about five miles due west from the sea coast. The apparatus used was Elster and Geitel’s Zerstreuungs- apparat , and the formula of reduction used was that given by them, viz:- E = 1/ t log V 0 /V- n / t ' log V' 0 /V' . In this formula E is proportional to the conductivity of the gas surrounding the instrument—for positive or negative charges, as the case may be. The constant “ n ” = ratio of capacity without cylinder ____________________________________ capacity with cylinder was determined by me to be 0·47, as the instrument was always used, with the protecting cover. The cover was always at one height above the base of the instrument, and was set so as to be as nearly co-axial with the discharging cylinder as could be judged by eye. No attempt was made to determine the actual capacity of the condenser cylinder and protecting cover, which would be a somewhat variable quantity owing- (1) to the differences on different days in attempting to cause the two to be co-axial; (2) to a certain amount of looseness in the fit of the shank of the cylinder on to its hole. The value above given for “ n "is the mean of several deter­minations made with different settings of the cover and cylinder. The individual values of “ n ” varied over about 0.03.

scholarly journals On “Nationology”: The Gravitational Field of National Culture

2021 ◽  
pp. 002202212110447
Author(s):  
Plamen Akaliyski ◽  
Christian Welzel ◽  
Michael Harris Bond ◽  
Michael Minkov
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Collective Phenomenon ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual

Nations have been questioned as meaningful units for analyzing culture due to their allegedly limited variance-capturing power and large internal heterogeneity. Against this skepticism, we argue that culture is by definition a collective phenomenon and focusing on individual differences contradicts the very concept of culture. Through the “miracle of aggregation,” we can eliminate random noise and arbitrary variation at the individual level in order to distill the central cultural tendencies of nations. Accordingly, we depict national culture as a gravitational field that socializes individuals into the orbit of a nation’s central cultural tendency. Even though individuals are also exposed to other gravitational forces, subcultures in turn gravitate within the limited orbit of their national culture. Using data from the World Values Survey, we show that individual values cluster in concentric circles around their nation’s cultural gravity center. We reveal the miracle of aggregation by demonstrating that nations capture the bulk of the variation in the individuals’ cultural values once they are aggregated into lower-level territorial units such as towns and sub-national regions. We visualize the gravitational force of national cultures by plotting various intra-national groups from five large countries that form distinct national clusters. Contrary to many scholars’ intuitions, alternative social aggregates, such as ethnic, linguistic, and religious groups, as well as diverse socio-demographic categories, add negligible explained variance to that already captured by nations.

scholarly journals ATTITUDES TOWARD NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND INDIVIDUAL VALUES OF RUSSIANS

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-82
Author(s):  
Т.А. Нестик
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Psychological Predictors ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Psychological Types ◽  
Openness To Change ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Personal Attitudes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
The Relationship

Приводятся результаты эмпирического исследования (N=1600), посвященного отношению россиян к новым технологиям. Показано, что позитивное отношение личности к новым технологиям поддерживается ценностями открытости к изменениям и отрицательно связано с ценностями сохранения. Удалось прояснить соотношение когнитивных, аффективных и поведенческих компонентов отношения личности к новым технологиям. Были выделены социально-психологические типы оценивания новых технологий («индифферентные», «ориентированные на влияние значимых других», «разборчивые», «прагматики», «ориентированные на безопасность»), а также социально-психологические типы отношения личности к новым технологиям («технофилы», «тревожные сторонники технического прогресса», «технофобы» и «безразличные к технологиям»). Выявлены социально-психологические предикторы технооптимизма, технофобии, технофилии и готовности использовать новые технологии. На основании проведенных исследований можно сделать вывод о том, что технофилия и технофобия являются не противоположными полюсами одной шкалы, а разными феноменами, связанными друг с другом. The results of an empirical study (N = 1600) devoted to the attitudes of Russians towards new technologies are presented. It is shown that the positive attitudes of the individual to new technologies is supported by the values of openness to change and is negatively associated with the values of conservation. We managed to clarify the relationship between the cognitive, affective and behavioral components of personal attitudes to new technologies. We have identified several socio-psychological types of assessment of new technologies ("indifferent", "relying on social support", "discerning", "pragmatists", "safety-oriented"), as well as socio-psychological types of personality attitudes to new technologies ("technophiles", "anxious supporters of technical progress", "technophobes", and "indifferent to technology"). The socio-psychological predictors of techno-optimism, technophobia, technophilia and willingness to use new technologies were identified. Based on the research carried out, it can be concluded that technophilia and technophobia are not opposite poles of the same scale, but different phenomena related to each other.

Strain shadow “megapores” in mid-crustal ultramylonites - local, transient reservoirs servicing the granular fluid pump?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Fusseis ◽  
Craig Allsop
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
Grain Boundary Sliding ◽  
Shear Direction ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Granular Fluid ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Grains

<p>Shear zones are important conduits that facilitate the bidirectional migration of fluids and dissolved solids across the middle crust. It is a relatively recent revelation that mylonitic deformation in such shear zones can result in the formation of synkinematic pores that are potentially utilised in long-range fluid migration. The pores definitely influence a shear zone’s hydraulic transport properties on the grain scale, facilitating synkinematic fluid-rock interactions and mass transfer. Our understanding of how exactly various forms of synkinematic porosity integrate with the kinematics and dynamics of shear zones is still growing. Here we show a previously undescribed form of synkinematic porosity in an unweathered, greenschist-facies psammitic ultramylonite from the Cap de Creus Northern Shear Belt (Spain). The sizeable, open pores with volumes > 50k µm3 appear exclusively next to albitic feldspar porphyroclasts, which themselves float in a fine-grained, polymineralic ultramylonitic matrix that likely deformed by grain size-sensitive creep and viscous grain boundary sliding. The pores wrap around their host clasts, occupying asymmetric strain shadows and tailing off into the mylonitic foliation. A detailed analysis using high-resolution backscatter electron imaging and non-invasive synchrotron-based x-ray microtomography confirms that the pores are isolated from each other. We found no evidence for weathering of the samples, or any significant post-mylonitic overprint, unequivocally supporting a synkinematic origin of the pores. </p><p>We propose that this strain shadow porosity formed through the rotations of the Ab porphyroclasts, which was governed by the clasts’ shapes and elongation. The ultramylonitic matrix was critical in enabling the formation of pores in the clast’s strain shadows. In the matrix, the individual grains were displaced mostly parallel to the shear direction. As a consequence of clast rotation it can be expected that, in the strain shadows, matrix grains followed diverging movement vectors. As a result, phase boundaries in the YZ plane experienced tensile forces, leading to the opening of pores. We infer that this tensile decoupling among matrix grains established a hydraulic gradient that drained the matrix locally and filled the pores with fluid. The fact that the strain shadow pores remained open in our samples suggests a chemical equilibrium with the fluid. Pore shape and volume will have been subject to continuous modification during ongoing matrix deformation and clast rotation.</p><p>This form of synkinematic porosity constitutes a puzzling, yet obvious way to maintain surprisingly large pores in ultramylonites whose transport properties are otherwise likely determined by creep cavitation and the granular fluid pump (Fusseis et al., 2009). We envisage that the strain shadow megapores worked in sync with the granular fluid pump in the ultramylonitic matrix and, while the overall porosity of ultramylonites may be small, locally, substantial fluid reservoirs were available to service fluid-rock interaction and fluid-mediated mass transfer. Our findings add another puzzle piece to our evolving understanding of synkinematic transport properties of mid-crustal ultramylonites and fluid-rock interaction in shear zones at the brittle-to-ductile transition.</p>

Theory of Shocks About States in Static and Dynamic Economics

2021 ◽  
pp. 202-240
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
The Individual

The place of the state in the theory of shocks is predetermined by the increasing importance of the subjective component of the processes of self-movement of systemic integrities. The main problem is that the state formalizes the actions of subjects as economic agents, abstracting from social conditions that generate the individual values of a person implemented in the economy. So, the economic subject acquires its own individual values in a society with a sharp polarization of citizens' incomes, inequality of opportunities, a shrinking middle class, and an ineffective public healthcare system, as demonstrated by the coronavirus pandemic. As a result, a fundamental problem arises of the discrepancy between society and economy as well as formal and informal institutions that predetermine the opportunistic behavior of the economic subjects. Thus, the state persistently strives for financial stability in the economy, abstracting from the problems of social disunity.

Quality of Ideas and Solutions

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Kim
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Table ◽  
Partial Ordering ◽  
Preference Ordering ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Quality Metric ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Absolute Parameters

We pass judgment on the value of scientific results. For example, we may feel that the periodic table of elements is of greater significance than the understanding that hydrogen is lighter than oxygen. For one thing, the latter fact may be deduced from an understanding of the periodic table. In this way, we may ascribe a measure of quality to an idea. The quality of an idea is subjective, and cannot be assigned an absolute value. However, it is possible to give a partial ordering and claim that idea A is of higher, lower, or equal worth in relation to idea B. The judgment of the relative importance of ideas is made routinely, for example, by an instructor in delivering a lecture or writing a book. The assignment of value occurs implicitly in the selection of topics and their relative emphasis. Once we admit a preference ordering among ideas, we may also assign an arbitrary numerical scale to them. This practice is standard in the field of economics, where a preference ordering among goods suggests a measure of utility. Since each consumer has individual tastes and needs, the resulting utility function varies from one person to another even for the same basket of goods. Further, the preferences are subjective and relative, rather than absolute. As a result, the level of utility can be based only on a conceptual scale. The basic measure of utility is an arbitrary unit called a util. In a similar way, we may assign a quality metric in terms of a granular unit of a qual. A person may assign a particular set of quals to a portfolio of ideas based on his own tastes and predilictions. A second person may offer a completely different set of quality values. This conception of an individual ordering of ideas is consistent with the view of difficulty and creativity as relative rather than absolute parameters. To pursue this line of reasoning, we may also speak of the combined quality of two or more ideas. The value of a set of ideas may be greater than, equal to, or less than the sum of the individual values.

Freiwilliges Engagement in der „Lebensphase Alter“. Eine kontrastierende Betrachtung von niedrig- und ­hochgebildeten Personen in der Altersgruppe 50+ mit dem Freiwilligensurvey 2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 349-374
Author(s):  
Frank Micheel
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Freiwilliges Engagement ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Educational Groups ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Low Educated

Zusammenfassung Aus der Literatur ist bekannt, dass der Zugang zum Freiwilligenbereich in der „Lebensphase Alter“ durch Bildungsnachteile systematisch erschwert wird. Dieser Beitrag diskutiert, welche Faktoren ein freiwilliges Engagement von älteren Niedriggebildeten begünstigen und wie stark sie im Vergleich zu Hochgebildeten wirken. Auf Basis des Freiwilligensurveys aus dem Jahr 2014 wird nach differenzierenden Merkmalen (demografische Merkmale, Ressourcen, persönliche Werte sowie kontextuelle Aspekte) zur Erklärung freiwilliger Aktivitäten innerhalb der beiden Bildungsgruppen untersucht. Aus den multivariaten Analysen lassen sich folgende politische Implikationen ableiten: Strukturelle Verbesserungen in der gesundheitlichen Versorgung, in den ostdeutschen Regionen sowie in der Stadt- und Sozialplanung erhöhen die Chancen für Niedriggebildete zur sozialen Teilhabe im Freiwilligenbereich. Auf der individuellen Ebene ist die Stärkung der wahrgenommenen Erwartungskompetenz ein vielversprechender Ansatz. Abstract: Volunteering in Old Age: A Comparison Between Low and Highly Educated Individuals Aged 50+ It is known from literature that access to volunteering in old age is systematically restricted by educational disadvantages. This article discusses which factors enable older people with low education to volunteering compared to highly educated people. Based on the German Survey on Volunteering from 2014, empirical investigations explore differentiated characteristics (demographics, resources, individual values and social aspects) explaining volunteering within both educational groups. The following political implications are derived from multivariate analyses: Structural improvements in the areas of healthcare provision, in Eastern Germany, as well as urban and social planning raise the odds for volunteering among the low educated. On the individual level, improving perceived self-efficacy is a promising approach.

scholarly journals Managerial strategies of the personal values, used to improve engineers communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 07004
Author(s):  
Mihaela Laura Bratu ◽  
Lucian-Ionel Cioca
Keyword(s):  
Employee Performance ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Workplace Communication ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Internal Standards ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Managerial Strategies ◽  
The Individual

Every person can be described by his behavior in certain situations, but also by the motivation of his actions, a motivation that reflects the individual values. The set of values of each individual is reflected in the everyday tasks, the way of communication, the degree of success of his actions. The higher the values apply in a wider area of life, the higher the personal satisfaction of the individual. Personal values are the internal standards and, at the same time, the inner force that determines us to learn, work and live in a certain way. The paper presents a study of a group of 116 engineers from different fields who sought to identify personal values in order to improve communication at the workplace. It was used The Inventory of Personal Values that measured the analyzed variable. The findings of the research are that management strategies that value the practical and organizational spirit of engineers improve workplace communication, increase employee performance and improve their well-being.

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