scholarly journals Gaia: Science with 1 billion objects in three dimensions

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
Timo Prusti
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Milky Way Galaxy ◽  
Astronomical Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Data Release ◽  
Wide Scientific Community ◽  
Gathering Data

Gaia is an operational satellite in the ESA science programme. It is gathering data for more than a billion objects. Gaia measures positions and motions of stars in our Milky Way Galaxy, but captures many asteroids and extragalactic sources as well. The first data release has already been made and exploitation by the world-wide scientific community is underway. Further data releases will be made with further increasing accuracy. Gaia is well underway to provide its promised set of fundamental astronomical data.

Critical and Future Trends in Data Mining

Data Mining ◽  
2011 ◽  
pp. 437-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Business Education ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Knowledge Discovery In Databases ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Usable Knowledge ◽  
The World

Every day, enormous amounts of information are generated from all sectors, whether it be business, education, the scientific community, the World Wide Web (WWW), or one of many readily available off-line and online data sources. From all of this, which represents a sizable repository of data and information, it is possible to generate worthwhile and usable knowledge. As a result, the field of Data Mining (DM) and knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) has grown in leaps and bounds and has shown great potential for the future (Han & Kamber, 2001). The purpose of this chapter is to survey many of the critical and future trends in the field of DM, with a focus on those which are thought to have the most promise and applicability to future DM applications.

scholarly journals Making Eugenics a Public Issue

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-66
Author(s):  
Heiner M. Fangerau
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Racial Hygiene ◽  
Standard Work ◽  
Reception Study ◽  
Human Heredity ◽  
The World

During the 1920s, the world-wide eugenics movement reached a peak level of popularity. Historians have stressed the key role of the textbook “Human Heredity and Racial Hygiene” in the popularisation of eugenic thinking in Germany. In this textbook the well known scientists Erwin Baur (1875-1933), Eugen Fischer (1874-1967) and Fritz Lenz (1887-1976) tried to combine genetics, anthropology and racial hygiene to form a “Magna Carta” of eugenics. This paper aims at quantitatively reconstructing the book’s development into a standard work. 325 contemporary reviews of the book were analysed. More than 80% of the reviewers evaluated the book positively recommending it to a variety of readers. Most of the reviewers were Medical Doctors concentrating on the eugenic aspects of the book. The reception study makes the reciprocity of eugenics as an accepted science and academics forming it into science prevalent. Explanations for the uniform reaction of the scientific community are discussed. *Key words*: reception study, interwar years, eugenics

Survey Methodology

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Johnston
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Political Interest ◽  
The Internet ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The World ◽  
Mode Space ◽  
Political Choices

This article addresses three dimensions for data collection: mode, space, and time. It considers the problems of adequately representing persons by ensuring high response rates and measuring opinions validly and reliably through the design of high-quality questions. The advent of the internet and the World Wide Web is dramatically expanding the repertoire for survey research. The evidence suggests that the forces driving response rate down are largely orthogonal to substantive political choices. Surveys overrepresent political interest and its correlates and so may replicate class and other barriers to political participation.

scholarly journals 5. Documentation and Astronomical Data: (Documentation Et Donnees Astronomiques)

1997 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
B. Hauck
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Electronic Publishing ◽  
Electronic Version ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Astronomical Data ◽  
The World ◽  
American Astronomical Society ◽  
Data Documentation ◽  
Astronomy And Astrophysics ◽  
The Web

The restructuring of our commission, adopted at the last General Assembly, was undoubtedly beneficial and various activities were developed under the aegis of the commission.Two very important changes have marked the last triennium: the World Wide Web and electronic publishing. The American Astronomical Society is the first to have introduced an electronic version of an astronomical journal and will be followed soon by the Astronomy and Astrophysics Journal. Last February, an ICSU/UNESCO Conference was held in Paris on this topic. A.G. Hearn was the IAU representative. An extensive report of this meeting can also be found on the Web (http://astro.fys.ruu.nl:8000/iau) and the proceedings are available also on the Web (http://www.lmcp.jussieu.fr/icsu/Information/index.html. A Joint Discussion on this very hot topic will be held during the Kyoto General Assembly.

scholarly journals Automated metabolic reconstruction forMethanococcus jannaschii

Archaea ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Tsoka ◽  
David Simon ◽  
Christos A. Ouzounis
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Computational Prediction ◽  
Metabolic Reconstruction ◽  
Manual Intervention ◽  
The World ◽  
Metabolic Reactions ◽  
Reference Knowledge

We present the computational prediction and synthesis of the metabolic pathways inMethanococcus jannaschiifrom its genomic sequence using the PathoLogic software. Metabolic reconstruction is based on a reference knowledge base of metabolic pathways and is performed with minimal manual intervention. We predict the existence of 609 metabolic reactions that are assembled in 113 metabolic pathways and an additional 17 super-pathways consisting of one or more component pathways. These assignments represent significantly improved enzyme and pathway predictions compared with previous metabolic reconstructions, and some key metabolic reactions, previously missing, have been identified. Our results, in the form of enzymatic assignments and metabolic pathway predictions, form a database (MJCyc) that is accessible over the World Wide Web for further dissemination among members of the scientific community.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Fatality Rate and Performed Swabs in Italy: a Misleading Perception (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Tosi ◽  
Alessandro Verde ◽  
Manuela Verde
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
The World ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Official Data

UNSTRUCTURED CoronaVirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) fatality rate in Italy is controversial and is largely affecting discussion on the impact of containment measures that are straining the world’s social and economic fabric, such as large-scale use of isolation and quarantine, closing borders, imposing limits on public gatherings, and implementing nationwide lockdowns. The scientific community, citizens, politicians and mass media are arguing over data that seem to suggest that Italy has a significantly higher number of COVID-19-related deaths than in the rest of the world. Moreover, Italian citizens have a misleading perception related to the number of actually performed swab tests. Citizens and mass media denounce that the coverage obtained by COVID-19 swab testing in Italy is not in line with other countries all over the world. In this paper, we try to clarify both aspects by highlighting the actual numbers and by comparing them with the official data available world-wide.

scholarly journals Neues zu überhaupt und sowieso

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-482
Author(s):  
Ute K. Boonen ◽  
Bernhard Fisseni
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Corpus Study ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
The World ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
Specific Trait ◽  
The One ◽  
Experimental Survey

Abstract This article investigates the use of überhaupt and sowieso in German and Dutch. These two words are frequently classified as particles, if only because of their pragmatic functions. The frequent use of particles is considered a specific trait common to German and Dutch, and the description of their semantics and pragmatics is notoriously difficult. It is unclear whether both particles have the same meaning in Dutch (where they are loanwords) and German, whether they can fulfil the same syntactic functions and to what extent the (semantic and pragmatic) functions of überhaupt und sowieso overlap. There has already been linguistic research on überhaupt and sowieso by Fisseni (2009) using the world-wide web and by Bruijnen and Sudhoff (2013) using the EUROPARL corpus. In the present study we critically evaluated the corpus study, integrating information on original utterance language and discussing the adequacy of this corpus. Moreover, we conducted an experimental survey collecting subjective-intuitive judgements in three dimensions, thus gathering more data on sparse and informal constructions. By using these complementary methods, we obtain a more nuanced picture of the use of überhaupt and sowieso in both languages: On the one hand, the data show where the use of both words is more similar and on the other hand, differences between the languages can also be discerned.

scholarly journals Priority of discovery in the life sciences

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald D Vale ◽  
Anthony A Hyman
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Journal Publication ◽  
Initial Validation ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
Wide Community

The job of a scientist is to make a discovery and then communicate this new knowledge to others. For a scientist to be successful, he or she needs to be able to claim credit or priority for discoveries throughout their career. However, despite being fundamental to the reward system of science, the principles for establishing the "priority of discovery" are rarely discussed. Here we break down priority into two steps: disclosure, in which the discovery is released to the world-wide community; and validation, in which other scientists assess the accuracy, quality and importance of the work. Currently, in biology, disclosure and an initial validation are combined in a journal publication. Here, we discuss the advantages of separating these steps into disclosure via a preprint, and validation via a combination of peer review at a journal and additional evaluation by the wider scientific community.

scholarly journals Molecular and Cellular Biology Animations: Development and Impact on Student Learning

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip McClean ◽  
Christina Johnson ◽  
Roxanne Rogers ◽  
Lisa Daniels ◽  
John Reber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Protein Transport ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Bacterial Gene ◽  
The World ◽  
Effective Visualization

Educators often struggle when teaching cellular and molecular processes because typically they have only two-dimensional tools to teach something that plays out in four dimensions. Learning research has demonstrated that visualizing processes in three dimensions aids learning, and animations are effective visualization tools for novice learners and aid with long-term memory retention. The World Wide Web Instructional Committee at North Dakota State University has used these research results as an inspiration to develop a suite of high-quality animations of molecular and cellular processes. Currently, these animations represent transcription, translation, bacterial gene expression, messenger RNA (mRNA) processing, mRNA splicing, protein transport into an organelle, the electron transport chain, and the use of a biological gradient to drive adenosine triphosphate synthesis. These animations are integrated with an educational module that consists of First Look and Advanced Look components that feature captioned stills from the animation representing the key steps in the processes at varying levels of complexity. These animation-based educational modules are available via the World Wide Web at http://vcell.ndsu.edu/animations . An in-class research experiment demonstrated that student retention of content material was significantly better when students received a lecture coupled with the animations and then used the animation as an individual study activity.

Rotational Characteristics of the Green Solar Corona: 1947-1991

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 139-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rybák ◽  
V. Rušin ◽  
M. Rybanský
Keyword(s):  
Solar Corona ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Coronal Emission ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronal Emission Line ◽  
Homogeneous Data

AbstractFe XIV 530.3 nm coronal emission line observations have been used for the estimation of the green solar corona rotation. A homogeneous data set, created from measurements of the world-wide coronagraphic network, has been examined with a help of correlation analysis to reveal the averaged synodic rotation period as a function of latitude and time over the epoch from 1947 to 1991.The values of the synodic rotation period obtained for this epoch for the whole range of latitudes and a latitude band ±30° are 27.52±0.12 days and 26.95±0.21 days, resp. A differential rotation of green solar corona, with local period maxima around ±60° and minimum of the rotation period at the equator, was confirmed. No clear cyclic variation of the rotation has been found for examinated epoch but some monotonic trends for some time intervals are presented.A detailed investigation of the original data and their correlation functions has shown that an existence of sufficiently reliable tracers is not evident for the whole set of examinated data. This should be taken into account in future more precise estimations of the green corona rotation period.

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