scholarly journals Reduction of P2O5 and F from Phosphogypsum by CaO addition

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 03021
Author(s):  
Sri Rachmania Juliastuti ◽  
Nuniek Hendrianie ◽  
Yumna Dian Pawitra ◽  
Irham Raditya Putra
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Sedimentation Process ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Coagulation Process ◽  
Flocculation Process

Waste of Phosphoric acid industry, which called phosphogypsum consists of 65% gypsum, 25% water and 10% impurities. Phosphogypsum can only be used up to 15% and the rest is thrown away. The objective purpose of this study is to reduce the content of P2O5 and F using best variable CaO and stirring during coagulation process, flocculation and sedimentation. The method of this experiment is conducted by using the ratio of phosphogypsum and variable distilled water 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3, and then put it into a jar test using the variable stirring of 100 and 150 rpm. Then 11, 12 and 13 gram CaO and 50 ml distilled water is added as variables for coagulation – flocculation process. pH is kept at 6 by adding 4% NaOH. Polyalumunium chloride (PAC) 0.1% as much as 1.75 mg/l is added into the mixture and stirred at 30 rpm for 20 minutes. The separation of P2O5 and F, is done by the sedimentation process. These experimental results show that variable 1:2 (w/v), 12 gram CaO and 150 rpm stirring able to reduce fluoride and P2O5 up to 98.5% and 50% from phospogypsum.

Treatment of Textile Wastewater using Biodegradable Flocculants of Chitosan and Extracted Pandan Leaves

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norzita Ngadi ◽  
Nor Aida Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Test Experiment ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Solvent Extraction Method ◽  
Flocculation Process

The study investigated the performance of chitosan and extracted pandan leaves towards treatment of textile wastewater by using flocculation process. Pandan leaves were extracted by using solvent extraction method. Flocculation process was conducted using a Jar test experiment. The effect of dosage, pH, and settling time on reduction of COD, turbidity and color of textile wastewater was studied. The results obtained found that chitosan was very effective for reduction of COD, turbidity, color and indicator for color. The best condition for COD and turbidity removal was achieved at 0.2 g dosage, pH 4 and 60 minutes of settling time. Under this condition, about 58 and 99% of COD and turbidity was removed, respectively. However, the results obtained using extracted pandan was opposite compared to the chitosan. Extracted pandan was not able to remove both COD and turbidity of the waste. 

Synergic Removal on Chironomus kiiensis larvae in Urban Water Source with Pre-Oxidation

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 735-739
Author(s):  
Xing Bin Sun ◽  
Fu Yi Cui ◽  
Zhao Chao Hou ◽  
Lin Meng
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Sedimentation Process ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
Eutrophic Water ◽  
Inactivation Efficiency

Chironomus kiiensis larvae which cannot be exterminated by conventional disinfection process propagates prolifically in eutrophic water body, and it therefore turns to be a potential problem encountered in drinking water quality. In this work, the quantitative experimental studies were carried out on removal of Chironomus kiiensis larvae in raw water by coagulation-sedimentation process. The coagulation jar test showed that the Chironomus kiiensis larvae could be partially removed from water by coagulation-sedimentation process. Based on it, removal effect of pre-oxidation combined with coagulation-sedimentation process on Chironomus kiiensis larvae was evaluated. The results showed that chlorine dioxide pre-oxidation possessed better removal performance than prechlorinion, and Chironomus kiiensis larvae in the raw water could be completely removed by chlorine dioxide pre-oxidation in combination with the coagulation-sedimentation process at chlorine dioxide dosage of 0.8mg/L. The pH in the range of 6-8 did not affect the inactivation efficiency of chlorine dioxide, whereas pH 10 resulted in around 10% decrease in removal rate. Meanwhile, the removal rate of Chironomus kiiensis larvae improved with the temperature increasing within the range investigated of 15-30°C. The removal rate was reduced by 6.7% when temperature reduced from 30°C to 15°C.

scholarly journals Chitosan from Mytilus virdis linneaus Shell as A Natural Coagulant

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
sinardi ◽  
Prayatni Soewondo ◽  
Suprihanto Notodarmojo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Turbid Water ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Coagulant Dosage ◽  
Flocculation Process

Green mussels (Mytilus virdis linnaeus) shell is one of the marine resources that can be used as raw material chitosan. Coagulant can remove turbidity through coagulation and flocculation process using coagulant. Biopolymers from natural coagulant safer and environmentally friendly so can subtitute synthetic coagulant. The use of chitosan as a coagulant in this study used synthetic turbid water using distilled water, suspended solids representing kaolin and humic acids which represents organic matter. Chitosan was used with variations in pH and coagulant dosage. Chitosan remove turbidity optimum at pH 7 at a dose of 300 mg/L of 95.15%.

scholarly journals A critical review on flocculants and flocculation

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Srijita Bharti
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Wastewater Sample ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Chemical Alteration ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Flocculation Process ◽  
Suspended Loads

The article critically reviews the applications of biopolymers in the area of water treatment. A number of biopolymers were reported for their flocculation behavior for treating the wastewater and making it suitable for various industrial as well as agricultural purposes via chemical alteration onto its backbone. Wastewater treatment was followed by flocculation process using standard ‘Jar test protocol’. Minute quantities of dosage were found be ideal to diminish the organic, biological and suspended loads from wastewater sample. The process of flocculation using biopolymers was also found economically suitable compared to other various processes applied in water treatment.

scholarly journals Penggunaan H-Zeolit dan Tawas dalam Pemurnian Crude Glycerol dengan Proses Adsorpsi dan Koagulasi

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Isalmi Aziz ◽  
Nur Hijjah Bayani Fadhilah ◽  
Hendrawati Hendrawati
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Aluminium Content ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Coagulation Process

Production of biodiesel from used cooking oil byproducts such as crude glycerol with low purity. The crude glycerol containing compounds impurities such as free fatty acids, alcohol, soap, catalyst and water. Compound adsorption of impurities can be done with the H-zeolite as adsorbent, but the resulting quality is still not good. To improve its quality, this research was added alum (coagulation) process so that the adsorption of colloidal-sized compound impurities which can be separated from the glycerol. The purpose of this research is determine optimal condition of adsorption and coagulation impurity compounds of crude glycerol by using H-zeolite and  alum and  also determine quality of glycerol  was obtained. First, crude glycerol acidified by phosphoric acid 85% (pure analysis) until desired pH ±2.5. It was obtained purity of glycerol 72.797%. The next process is adsorption with activated H-zeolite and it obtained purity of glycerol 77.079%. The last process in this research is adsorption and coagulation by using H-zeolite and alum. The highest purity glycerol 93.803% was obtained from condition of adsorption and coagulation for 75 minutes; alum’s concentration 80 ppm; and temperature 60 ºC. The glycerol discharged from adsorption and coagulation process by using H-zeolite and alum is qualify Indonesia National Standard number 06-1564-1995 with 3.512% water content; 2.438% ash content; 0.247% MONG content; has no sugar; 1.259 g/mL density of glycerol; 0.2356% potassium content and 0.0410% aluminium content; and brighter color.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v0i0.5143

Degradation of cationic and anionic dyes in coagulation–flocculation process using bi-functionalized silica hybrid with aluminum-ferric as auxiliary agent

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (43) ◽  
pp. 34206-34215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Yie Lau ◽  
Yee-Shian Wong ◽  
Tjoon-Tow Teng ◽  
Norhashimah Morad ◽  
Mohd Rafatullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Cationic Dye ◽  
Functionalized Silica ◽  
Anionic Dyes ◽  
Methyl Orange Degradation ◽  
Anionic Dye ◽  
Coagulation Process ◽  
Flocculation Process ◽  
Silica Hybrid

Cationic dye (methylene blue) and anionic dye (methyl orange) degradation in the coagulation process was demonstrated.

Post-Treatment of Anaerobically Digested Palm Oil Mill Effluent by Polymeric Flocculant-Assisted Coagulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 567 ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirhossein Malakahmad ◽  
Sim Yeong Chuan ◽  
Mahdieh Eisakhani
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Rapid Mixing ◽  
Coagulation Process ◽  
Effluent Discharge ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Slow Mixing ◽  
Flocculation Process

Typically, palm oil mill industries use conventional anaerobic ponds for treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME). But, this method alone cannot produce effluent discharge to an allowable limits set by the authorities. This study aimed to investigate further treatment of anaerobically digested POME (COD = 682±14 mgL-1, TSS = 29±7 mgL-1 and turbidity = 106±3 NTU) by coagulation-flocculation process. Alum, an industrial-accepted coagulant and OC 100 and PC 100W as two industrial-based polymeric flocculants were used in coagulation-flocculation process. Results indicate coagulation process in its optimum conditions (pH = 6, alum dosage = 1800 mgL-1, rapid mixing = 5 min, and slow mixing = 20 min) reduces the COD, TSS and turbidity by 59%, 80% and 86%, respectively. Flocculants OC 100 and PC 100W caused further reduction of TSS (85–88%) and turbidity (97–98%). By application of post treatment, the POME characteristics reached to an acceptable discharge level enforced by Malaysian department of environment (DOE).

scholarly journals Prothrombase—Its preparation and properties

1930 ◽  
Vol 107 (751) ◽  
pp. 271-285 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Isoelectric Point ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Tissue Extract ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Compact Mass ◽  
Coagulation Process ◽  
Mammalian Blood ◽  
The Way

An attempt to reconcile the various hypotheses which have been advanced to account for the phenomena observed in the coagulation of blood necessitated the isolation from blood of those substances which are primarily involved in the coagulation process. In this paper the preparation of prothrombase from oxalated mammalian blood is described and the conditions under which it is converted into thrombase—the enzyme which converts fibrinogen into fibrin—are considered. In 1909 I described a method by which a solution of prothrombase may be obtained from bird's blood. Noncoagulable plasma is obtained from a fasting anæsthetised cockerel in the way described by Delezenne (1897). This plasma is diluted with 10 volumes of distilled water and brought to the isoelectric point for globulin by the cautions addition of acetic acid (1 per cent.). The precipitated golbulin is obtained as a compact mass by spinning the diluted plasma in a high-speed centrifuge. It is suspended in a volume of water equal to that of the original plasma and dissolved by the addition NaCl to the extent of 0·7 per cent. This solution contains prothrombase associated with fibrinogen. The addition to it of a little tissue extract (thrombokinase), and CaCl 2 to the extent 0·05 per cent. causes, within a few minutes, the formation of a solid coagulum of fibrin. The residual fluid, obtained after the removal of the fibrin, contains a large quantity of thrombase. If however, a small quantity of thrombase be added to the original fibrinogen-prothrombase solution coagulation takes place within a few seconds and the residual fluid, after removal of the fibrin, contains a large quantity of prothombase. The properties of avian prothrombase contained in such a solution were described. No attempt was made to isolate the prothrombase owing to the difficulty of obtaining stable noncoagulable birds' in large quantities.

scholarly journals On a function of the red corpuscles of the blood, and on the process of arterialization

1851 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 677-678
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The State ◽  
Distilled Water

The author states that he was first led to the new theory he has formed for the explanation of the chemical phenomena of respiration, and more especially of the change in the colour of the blood which occurs in that process, by having observed that a garlick odour, similar to that evolved from phosphorus, was produced by agitating in distilled water the clot obtained from some specimens of venous blood. His attention was consequently directed to the investigation of the state in which the phosphorus exists in the blood; and the result of that investigation was the theory, of which the following is a succinct outline. The venous corpuscles are known to contain fat in combination with phosphorus. This compound ingredient of the corpuscles, on coming into contact with atmospheric oxygen during the respiratory act, is consumed, and combining with that oxygen, forms the carbonic acid and water which are expired, and also phosphoric acid, which, uniting with the alkali of the liquor sanguinis, forms a tribasic phosphate of soda. This salt, like many others, acts upon hæmatosine in such a manner as to produce the well-known bright arterial tint.

Sulfur Dioxide Production from Phosphogypsum: Thermodynamic Analysis and Experimental Results

2010 ◽  
Vol 660-661 ◽  
pp. 253-258
Author(s):  
Humberto Molinar Henrique ◽  
Priciane Martins Parreira
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Rotary Kiln ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Fertilizer Industry

Phosphogypsum or chemical gypsum is a by-product generated in the manufacture of phosphoric acid, generated in the proportion of 4 to 6 tons for every ton of acid produced by the fertilizer industry. Its reuse is important from the economic, social and environmental point of view. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the thermodynamic condition of sulfur dioxide recovering from thermal decomposition of phosphogypsum. The main advantage of this process is to return the sulfur dioxide to sulfuric acid manufacturing. In this case, sulfur demand by fertilizer industry and phosphogypsum generation could be greatly reduced. Experimental results were obtained from a lab scale rotary kiln. Theoretical approach and experimental setup were validated by using the actual data from thermal decomposition of limestone. Theoretical and experimental results showed the thermal decomposition of phosphogypsum is thermodynamically feasible only at high temperatures.

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