scholarly journals Preparation of Microcrystalline Cellulose from Water Hyacinth Reinforced Polylactic Acid Biocomposite

2018 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Teerapa Semachai ◽  
Panitnad Chandranupap ◽  
Pravitra Chandranupap
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Internal Mixing ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Treated Fiber ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

In this work, we successfully mixed polylactic acid (PLA) with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from water hyacinth. The MCC was prepared by treating water hyacinth fiber (WHF). Then hydrochloric acid was used to hydrolyze treated fiber to MCC. X-rays diffraction (XRD) showed that the MCC produced has 73.28 per cent crystallinity. Internal mixing was used to combine composites between MCC and PLA. Percentages of MCC were 1, 5, 10 and 15, respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy indicated that the interaction between MCC and PLA are only mechanically interaction. Tensile testing of this composite (ASTM D638) revealed that tensile strength and percentage of elongation at break decreased but the increase of young's modulus. The morphological analysis was observed thru composites fractured surface by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). They showed a void between cellulosic fiber and PLA when high amount of MCC conformed with tensile results.

Effects of Long Chain Cellulose Ester on Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid Reinforced with Microcrystalline Cellulose

2012 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 622-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Voravadee Suchaiya ◽  
Duangdao Aht-Ong
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Cellulose Ester ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Cellulose Structure ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Chain Acyl ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Small Aggregation ◽  
Long Chain

Long chain cellulose ester (LCCE) synthesized by acylation reaction via microwave process was used as a compatibilizer for banana stem microcrystalline cellulose/polylactic acid (BS MCC/PLA) composite. The proper reaction time and power output for LCCE synthesis were 150 second and 160 watt, respectively, which resulted in the highest weight increase (%) of LCCE synthesis. The FT-IR and NMR results confirmed that long chain acyl ester was grafted on cellulose structure. The degree of substitution (DS) of LCCE was 2.41. The BS MCC content was fixed at 40wt% while LCCE content was varied from 0-9 wt%. The Tensile properties properties of BS MCC/PLA composites with or without LCCE were studied by tensile test. The results revealed that the addition of LCCE enhanced the elongation at break of 40wt% BS MCC/PLA composite owing to the improvement of compatibility between PLA and MCC, particularly the addition of 5wt% of LCCE which led to the highest elongation at break. However, when the addition of LCCE was greater than 5wt%, the elongation at break was slightly decreased because of the small aggregation of BS MCC and LCCE in PLA matrix as supported by morphological analysis. Nevertheless, the addition of LCCE contributed to the decrease in tensile strength and Young’s modulus of 40wt% BS MCC/PLA composite slightly because of the decreasing of crystallinity in PLA composite.

Synthesis of Biocompatible Magnetic Iron Oxide (γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4) Nanoparticles by a Modified Polyol Process for Biomedical Applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Basina ◽  
Ioannis Panagiotopoulos ◽  
Eamonn Devlin ◽  
George Hadjipanayis ◽  
Levent Colak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Polyol Process ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Colloidal Solutions ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Fast Heating ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Magnetite Phase ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

AbstractHighly crystalline superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated by poly-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were prepared by simultaneous thermal decomposition of ferrous and ferric inorganic salts in polyethylene glycol (PEG) with molecular weight 200. The magnetic particles have a diameter in the range of 8-15 nm, and after exchange with citric acid diammonium salt, they transform into very stable super hydrophilic colloidal solutions. The presence of magnetite phase was confirmed using powder X-rays diffraction (XRD) and Mössbauer spectroscopy, while thermogravimetric analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of PVP or citrate anions on the nanoparticles surface. The magnetic properties revealed superparamagnetic behavior, with the composite material showing a saturation magnetization up to 57 emu/g. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles prepared by this modified polyol process are suitable for biomedical applications because of the biocompatibility of citrate anions. Magnetic hyperthermia experiments in neutral water solutions shows that the particles induce fast heating rates with specific absorption rate (SAR) values which reached 57.53 W/gFe, when the concentration of iron is 11.2 mgFe/ml.

Tensile and Morphological Properties of Hybrid Montmorillonite/Microcrystalline Cellulose Filled Polylactic Acid Composites: Effect of Filler Ratio

2015 ◽  
Vol 1125 ◽  
pp. 271-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Arjmandi ◽  
Azman Hassan ◽  
M.K. Mohamad Haafiz ◽  
Zainoha Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Percent Elongation ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Optimum Formulation

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of partial replacement of montmorillonite (MMT) with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) on the tensile and morphology properties of polylactic acid (PLA) composites. PLA composites reinforced with hybrid MMT/MCC were prepared by solution casting. Based on our previous study, tensile strength exhibited that the optimum MMT content in the PLA/MMT is 5 phr. Therefore, partial replacement of MMT with MCC was performed at 5 phr of filler content in order to produce PLA/MMT/MCC hybrid composites. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed some polar interaction between fillers and PLA matrix. Young’s modulus of the PLA/MMT/MCC hybrid composites increased gradually with increasing MCC filler in the hybrid composites and was higher than PLA/MMT nanocomposites. However, the highest tensile strength of hybrid composites was obtained at 4 phr MMT and 1 phr of MCC filler (~26 MPa), which was lower than optimum formulation of PLA/MMT nanocomposites. Interestingly, the percent elongation at break of the hybrid composites were higher than that of PLA/MMT nanocomposites; increased significantly from ~10 to ~58 %. Field emission scanning electron microscopy indicated the aggregation of MCC and the presence of some cracks in the PLA hybrid composites, resulted in decrease of the tensile strength.

Preparation of PLA/Nano-ZnO Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 1901-1904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Juan Zheng ◽  
Zhi Wei Zhao ◽  
Ya Long Liu ◽  
Xiao Feng Zhao ◽  
Ke Hui Xi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Nano Zno ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Stretching Vibration ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

In order to improve the toughness and impact resistance of PLA, nano-ZnO modified with different surface treatment agents (titanium ester, silane coupling agent and alkylamine) was added to PLA matrix. The samples were examined by fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, micropolariscopy and mechanical properties. The results show that when the addition of nano-ZnO reaches to 0.2 wt.%, the tensile strength and elongation at break of PLA/ZnO nanocomposites have the maximum values of 20.5MPa and 10.2%, respectively. The mechanical properties of PLA/ZnO nanocomposites can be improved apparently modified with different treatment agents, and the spherocrystal size of the samples can be reduced obviously. Infrared spectra of nano-ZnO modified with different treatment agents include two peaks at 2919 cm-1 and 2851 cm-1, which are corresponding to C-H stretching vibration.

scholarly journals Hydrogel networks by aliphatic dithiol Michael addition to glycidylmethacrylated gelatin

MRS Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel T. Neffe ◽  
Candy Löwenberg ◽  
Andreas Lendlein
Keyword(s):  
Network Formation ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
X Ray ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Triple Helices ◽  
Hydrogel Swelling ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

AbstractFunctionalization of gelatin with glycidylmethacrylate (GMA-gelatin) enables network formation employing the double bond, so that the reaction is orthogonal to the inherent functional groups in the biomacromolecule. Here, network formation by crosslinking of GMA-gelatin with hexane 1,6-dithiol or nonane 1,9-dithiol to tailor properties and enable a shape-memory effect is shown by 1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. Hydrogel swelling (460–1900 vol%) and mechanical properties (Young’s modulus E = 59–512 kPa, elongation at break εb = 44–127%) depended on the molecular composition of the networks and temperature. Increased crosslinker length, thiol:methacrylate molar ratio, and precursor concentrations led to denser networks. Change of properties with temperature suggested adoption of triple helices by gelatin chains, forming physical netpoints at lower temperatures (< 20 °C). However, the limited freedom of the gelatin chains to move allowed only a minimal extent of triple helices formation, as it became apparent from the related signal in wide-angle X-ray scattering and the thermal transition associated to triple helices in some networks by DSC. The presented strategy is likely transferable to other biomacromolecules, and the results suggest that too short crosslinkers may result in a significant amount of grafting rather than network formation. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Synthesis of Carboxymethyltricellulose and Its Adsorption Towards Cu2+ Ions

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Adil Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
Atomic Adsorption ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Adsorption Capability ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

Cellulose was isolated from plantain skin and then carboxymethylated with trichloroacetic acid which resulted a 0.9936 gram of carboxymethylcellulose. The FT-IR spectroscopy analysis of carboxymethyltricellulose indicated the –OH vibration at wavelength of 3448.72 cm-1.Moreover, a wavenumber in the region of 1026.13 cm-1 is attributed to ether vibration (-O-) and carboxyl vibration at 1651.07 cm-1. The results of morphological analysis using SEM also showed a smoother, homogeneous pore, and a larger surface area. The adsorption capability for Cu2+ ions at concentration of 100 ppm was analyzed by atomic adsorption spectrophotometer (AAS). It shows that the optimum adsorption was found to be at a 90 minutes agitation process for both carboxymethyltricellulose and cellulose with about 97.266% and 21.602% respectively.

scholarly journals Sintesis Cmc-G-Epiklorohidrin/Etilendiamina Melalui Reaksi Selulosa Membentuk Cmc Dilanjutkan Dengan Esterifikasi/Aminasi Menggunakan Epiklorohidrin/Etilendiamina

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adil Ginting ◽  
Mimpin Ginting ◽  
Hotlan Heber Situmeang
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Paper Pulp ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
Amination Reaction ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

Cellulose from paper pulp was alkalized with NaOH 30%; then carboxymethylated with monochloroacetic acid producing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). CMC resins was subsequently alkalized again with NaOH 30% producing sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) before esterification/amination reaction with epichlorohydrin/ethylendiamine. Esterification/amination reaction with epichlorohidrin/ethylendiamine was carried out in two steps as well. Na-CMC was reacted with epichlorohydrin, and in the second step, 2-oxiranylmethyl carboxymethyl cellulose was reacted with ethylendiamine producing cellulose-g-epichlorohydrin/ethylendiamine. FT-IR spectroscopy analysis indicated CN Amine vibration in the region 1417 cm-1 and in the 1600 cm-1 region attributed to vibration of C=O group. Morphological analysis using SEM showed homogeneous and porous at their structure. 

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Zein and Zein-Chitosan Microspheres with Great Prospective of Application in Controlled Drug Release

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius Müller ◽  
Juliana Francis Piai ◽  
André Ricardo Fajardo ◽  
Silvia Luciana Fávaro ◽  
Adley Forti Rubira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Controlled Drug Release ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

Biomaterials applied as carriers for controlled drug delivery offer many advantages over the conventional systems. Among them, the increase of treatment effectiveness and also a significant reduction of toxicity, due to their biodegradability property, are some special features. In this work, microspheres based on the protein Zein (ZN) and ZN associated to the natural polymer Chitosan (CHI) were prepared and characterized. The microspheres of ZN and ZN/CHI were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and thermal analysis, and the morphology was analyzed by SEM images. The results confirmed the incorporation of CHI within the ZN-based microspheres. The morphological analysis showed that the CHI added increased the microspheres porosity when compared to the ZN microspheres. The chemical and physical characterization and the morphological analysis allow inferring that ZN/CHI microspheres are good candidates to act as a carrier for controlled drug release.

scholarly journals The Preparation, Thermal Properties, and Fire Property of a Phosphorus-Containing Flame-Retardant Styrene Copolymer

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Sun ◽  
Yazhen Wang ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Tianyuan Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

A 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO) acrylate, (6-oxidodibenzo [c,e][1,2] oxaphosphinin-6-yl) methyl acrylate (DOPOAA), has been prepared. Copolymers of styrene (St) and DOPOAA were prepared by emulsion polymerization. The chemical structures of copolymers containing levels of DOPOAA were verified using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The thermal properties and flame-retardant behaviors of DOPO-containing monomers and copolymers were observed using thermogravimetric analysis and micro calorimetry tests. From thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), it was found out that the T5% for decomposition of the copolymer was lower than that of polystyrene (PS), but the residue at 700 °C was higher than that of PS. The results from micro calorimetry (MCC) tests indicated that the rate for the heat release of the copolymer combustion was lower than that for PS. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) for combustion of the copolymer rose with increasing levels of DOPOAA. These data indicate that copolymerization of the phosphorus-containing flame-retardant monomer, DOPOAA, into a PS segment can effectively improve the thermal stability and flame retardancy of the copolymer.

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