scholarly journals Legal problems of the introduction and application of digital technologies in the field of passenger transport

2018 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 04009
Author(s):  
R.B. Bryukhov ◽  
K.E. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Urban Public Transport ◽  
New Business ◽  
The City ◽  
Motorised Transport

Urbanization continues. There is an outflow of population from small cities and towns to large ones. According to some estimates, 60% of the world's population will live in cities by 2060 (now 50%). The middle class is growing, and there are more and more people who buy cars. Consequently, the load on urban infrastructure and roads is increasing. The high number of traffic jams leads to negative consequences: the delay in the delivery of goods, the late arrival of people to work, etc. On the other hand, despite the best efforts of manufacturers, transport continues to pollute the atmosphere. Technologies continue to develop rapidly, new business models, rules of doing business in transport and ways to use it are emerging. Recently, there has been the emergence of such innovations as car sharing (the use of cars that are freely available in the city), various types of taxis that can be called up using a mobile phone, and improved urban public transport. In addition, the most current urban trends are the development of pedestrian areas in large cities, non-motorised transport, and bicycles.

scholarly journals THE POTENTIAL OF STRAVA DATA TO CONTRIBUTE IN NON-MOTORISED TRANSPORT (NMT) PLANNING IN JOHANNESBURG

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B2 ◽  
pp. 587-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Selala ◽  
W. Musakwa
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Gated Communities ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
The North ◽  
Smart Mobility ◽  
The City ◽  
Motorised Transport

Transportation is one of the most fundamental challenges of urban development in the modern world. Cities are currently moving towards sustainable transportation, which includes non-motorised transportation (NMT). The city of Johannesburg has a goal of becoming a smart city, with sustainable development and smart mobility. Encouraging the use of non-motorised transportation and public transport has the potential of reducing the use of private motorised transport and therefor its negative consequences within the city of Johannesburg. There is limited research on cycling and how cyclists interact with cycling infrastructure within the city. The lack of such knowledge hinders proper planning for NMT. This research studies the ability of geolocation based services to provide such information which can be useful in planning for NMT. Strava Metro application is the example of such geolocation based services. The potential of this app to influence planning is investigated. According to the information acquired by Strava Metro, there are more cyclists in suburbs at the centre of Johannesburg and towards the north and to the east, and in Kibler Park at the south western part of the city. There are indications that the numbers of cycling activities recorded by Strava Metro are affected by the availability of gated communities, income levels, crime levels and the provision of infrastructure.

scholarly journals Small cities face greater impact from automation

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (139) ◽  
pp. 20170946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan R. Frank ◽  
Lijun Sun ◽  
Manuel Cebrian ◽  
Hyejin Youn ◽  
Iyad Rahwan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Worker Displacement ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Job Content ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Technical Professions

The city has proved to be the most successful form of human agglomeration and provides wide employment opportunities for its dwellers. As advances in robotics and artificial intelligence revive concerns about the impact of automation on jobs, a question looms: how will automation affect employment in cities? Here, we provide a comparative picture of the impact of automation across US urban areas. Small cities will undertake greater adjustments, such as worker displacement and job content substitutions. We demonstrate that large cities exhibit increased occupational and skill specialization due to increased abundance of managerial and technical professions. These occupations are not easily automatable, and, thus, reduce the potential impact of automation in large cities. Our results pass several robustness checks including potential errors in the estimation of occupational automation and subsampling of occupations. Our study provides the first empirical law connecting two societal forces: urban agglomeration and automation's impact on employment.

From Apple to Orange: Narratives of Small City Migration and Settlement among the Urban Middle Class

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Ocejo
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
New York City ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
York City ◽  
Small City ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The City

As large cities become unaffordable, some people in the urban middle class are moving to small cities but risk replicating gentrification and its harms. Based on a qualitative research project on Newburgh, a small city north of New York City, this paper examines the narratives that middle-class urbanites construct to make sense of this migration, their new urban environment, and their place within it. These narratives describe their decision to move (migration) and their everyday lives in the city (settlement). Most importantly, their narratives are shaped by their social positions as both displaced residents and gentrifiers and as both consumers and producers of space. But despite being self-aware gentrifiers, their settlement narratives lack reflections on their own displacement from New York City, and instead emphasize how they try to mitigate gentrification’s harms. The paper concludes with a discussion of what makes gentrifiers in small cities distinct from those in large ones.

scholarly journals A comprehensive analysis on the adaption of Big Data in e-commerce: Overview of small to midsized enterprises-smes in Australia

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-67
Author(s):  
Ergun Gide ◽  
Shakir Karim
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
New Business ◽  
Secondary Study

Big Data contains every part of aspects of existence, as well as personal actions, disciplines and corporations. Big Data promises to make the world more demanding and helps to take the prompt decisions not only on the basis of limited knowledge of expertise but also on the huge quantity of data from the realism. The gathering, exercise, distribution and networking of Big Data associates economic, legal, social, ethical and political issues may result possible positive and negative results. This report provides a primary analysis of economic, legal, social, ethical and political issues in e-commerce contents-SMEs in Australia that are relevant to the consequences formed by Big Data. Identifying the subjects can help in an improved and clear perceptive of extents for prospective development and advance within the Big Data industry and support e-commerce sector of Australia. This paper mainly has used secondary research method to provide an extensive investigation of the positive and negative consequences of issues relevant to Big Data, the architects of the consequences and those exaggerated by the consequences. The secondary study is subject to journal articles, reports, media articles, corporation based documents and other appropriate information. The study found that Big Data and e-commerce are steadily transforming the way businesses to be conducted and changing the small to midsized enterprises in Australia. Big Data and e-commerce can provide quicker and trustworthy services to the potential and happy clients. They not only can develop new competitive advantages, also can improve relationships with customers and make better the economy by increasing effectiveness and behind the small to mid-sized new business models and innovation. Keywords: big data, economic, ethical and political ıssues, e-commerce, small to midsized enterprise-smes.

scholarly journals Modeling daily dynamics of speed and fuel consumption for urban delivery means

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Lidiia Savchenko ◽  
Miroslava Semeriahina ◽  
Irina Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Approximation Accuracy ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The City

Road transport is one of the most important elements of the functioning of a modern city. Maneuverability, mobility, speed of delivery of goods and other criteria have provided him with a special and leading place in urban logistics. However, along with the benefits of a developed transport network for society, its progress is accompanied by negative consequences for the environment and the population of the city. High rates of growth in the number of cars, especially in large cities, cause an increase in emissions of harmful products into the atmosphere, which, accordingly, negatively affects the health of the population. Consequently, the problem of environmental pollution in large cities from harmful emissions from vehicles requires an urgent solution. The increase in emissions of harmful substances is affected by an increase in the consumption of fuel materials due to a decrease in speed because of an increase in traffic density in the city. The frequency, duration, prevalence of congestion is increasing along with the urbanization of the population and the increase in the number of cars in cities. The dense development of the central historical districts of the city exacerbates the problem of unhindered passage of individual, public and freight vehicles. In addition, a decrease in the speed of city traffic affects the speed of delivery of goods, correspondence, etc., which negatively affects the speed of business processes, and ultimately worsens the level of logistics services for customers. The purpose of this study is to analyze the current situation in terms of the dynamics of the average speed of the city's traffic flow by hours of the day and to obtain a mathematical model of the dependence of the speed of movement on the consumption of fuel materials for various environmentally friendly means of urban delivery (car, motorcycle, bicycle and pedestrian courier). The research was carried out in two stages. At the first, the study of the dependence of the average speed of movement in the city on the time of day (for all means of city delivery) was carried out. At the second stage, the study of the dependence of the average consumption of fuel materials in the city (which, accordingly, is a function of the speed of movement) on the time of day for motorized urban delivery vehicles was done. In the course of the study, at each stage, an equation of the trend lines was obtained with a sufficient approximation accuracy. In conclusion, the study proposes an algorithm for determining the average speed and average amount of fuel consumption when delivering small consignments in an urban environment using four urban logistics means - a car, a motorcycle, a bicycle, and a pedestrian courier (with the possibility of using public transport). The proposed algorithm can be applied in any delivery conditions in the city.

scholarly journals University campuses in Russia: architectural and urban development typology

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (06) ◽  
pp. 1826-1839
Author(s):  
Aleksey Vladimirovich Popov ◽  
Olga Ivanovna Syrova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Planning Development ◽  
The University ◽  
The City

The purpose of the present study is to develop a typology of university campuses reflecting all their diversity. The main attention is paid to the peculiarities of the location of the university campuses relative to the settlements, as well as their spatial planning arrangement. In general, depending on the spatial planning arrangement, three types of university campuses are defined and analyzed, namely, dispersed, dissected, and compact (local). The features of university complexes located in the metropolitan areas, largest, and large cities, as well as in medium and small cities, and outside of large settlements in the suburban area have been determined depending on the location of campuses relative to settlements. Besides, the authors have identified the ways of spatial planning development of existing university complexes and justified improving the spatial planning arrangement of university campuses. In general, four ways of the spatial development of existing universities are identified: purchasing facilities in the adjacent territory to expand the existing campus; placing the necessary additional facilities in the adjacent and other areas of the city, that is, integrating into the urban environment; creating an additional campus in a remote territory (often in the suburbs); and moving all or part of the university facilities to a new campus with a full-fledged infrastructure in another area of the city or suburb. The article provides examples of university campuses (complexes) in Russian cities for all the types considered, provided with the attached graphic schemes.

scholarly journals Effects of Bypass in Small and Non-congested Cities: A Case Study of the City Badajoz

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-489
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Coloma ◽  
Marta Garcia ◽  
Raúl Guzmán
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Traffic Model ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
City Center ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Time Savings ◽  
Congestion Problems ◽  
The City

Small cities with less than 200,000 inhabitants do not usually suffer from chronic congestion problems. However, private vehicles are used excessively, making it necessary to implement measures to encourage further use of public transport and pedestrian mobility to make it more sustainable. Bypasses improve level of service (LOS) by removing cars from the city center, leading to significant reductions in overall travel time. Most studies so far have been conducted in large cities suffering chronic congestion problems, so the aim of this research is to analyze the effects of bypasses in small and non-congested cities through the construction of a traffic model in Badajoz (Spain), starting with the allocation of the origin-destination travel matrix derived from surveys and traffic counts conducted at the southern and eastern accesses. The traffic model describes the mobility in potentially-capturable future southern traffic relationships and allows insights into different alternatives in the construction of a new high LOS road. This research concludes that small cities with no chronic congestion problems should plan bypasses as close as possible to the city, since they are the most economical, produce greater traffic capture, greater time savings, and eliminate the largest number of CO2 emissions from the urban center. The more distant alternatives have a higher LOS, however, these are longer and more expensive solutions that also capture less traffic and thus eliminate less CO2 emissions.

New Economy, E-Commerce Businesses, and E-Businesses

2020 ◽  
pp. 203-220
Author(s):  
Duygu Toplu Yaşlıoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Business Models ◽  
New Economy ◽  
Electronic Networks ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
New Business ◽  
Digital Environments ◽  
Trade Route ◽  
Almost All ◽  
New Business Models

Electronic commerce and electronic business concepts are highly researched in recent management literature. Network economy has revealed e-commerce, a new trade route that is carried out over the interlinked computers and mobile devices. E-commerce is a method used by almost all businesses that are physically processing. Therefore, there should be a significant distinction between e-business and e-commerce. With the development of e-commerce, new ways of doing business have emerged. Thus, many e-commerce companies have emerged, traditional businesses have started trading in electronic networks, and new business models have begun to be created in digital environments. In order to understand how e-businesses make money, many business models have been studied. For this reason, the concept of business model in the new economy and the transformation of business models into e-business models are examined. In line with this, it is aimed in this chapter to examine e-businesses, to clarify e-business models, and to explain e-commerce types and e-business model types in detail, with examples.

Digitalization of the service economy: advantages and threats

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
N. Tarkhanovа ◽  
◽  
V. Romanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
New Business ◽  
Consumer Segment ◽  
Reducing Costs

Recently, the number of businesses using digital technologies has increased. The service sector is no exception. The article is devoted to the use of digital technologies in the service sector. The authors reviewed the advantages and threats of digitalization. As a result of the analysis, the concept of “digital economy” and “service sector” is clarified, and the need for digitalization is justified. The advantages obtained through the use of innovative technologies, both for the industry and for individual enterprises, are indicated. In relation to the industry, this will include: the use of new business models and forms of doing business; increasing the availability and promotion of services on the market up to the world; the emergence of new types of services; the use of control systems that replace humans. As a result of the analysis, the concept of “digital economy” and “service sector” has been clarified, and the need for digitalization is justified. For a single service enterprise, the benefits of implementing digital technologies can be expressed in: reaching the optimal consumer segment; determining the customer’s need for certain services; designing more flexible services; improving the quality of service by improving control of business processes; minimizing the time for services to enter the market; reducing costs by accelerating business processes; minimizing costs; increasing the availability of services through the dissemination of information in social networks; eliminating intermediaries in the delivery of services to the consumer and reducing costs, reducing the number of personnel performing routine operations. Digitalization provides not only the benefits but also pose a threat. These include various types of fraudulent schemes, an underdeveloped regulatory framework, a reduction in the number of employees, and changes in the labor market. As a result, there are increasing requirements for planning at the strategic, tactical and operational levels. Otherwise, the benefits of implementing digital technologies may be lost

BUSINESS MODELS FOR CORPORATE INNOVATION MANAGEMENT: INTRODUCTION OF A BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION TOOL FOR ESTABLISHED FIRMS

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850007 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTIN TRAPP ◽  
KAI-INGO VOIGT ◽  
ALEXANDER BREM
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Business Model Innovation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
New Business ◽  
Established Firms

Business model innovation (BMI) is the process of integrating a new logic of doing business into an established firm to improve profitability or to capitalise on new business opportunities. However, existing research offers only limited clarity on BMI compared to business model upgrades or a specific product innovation. From a body of extant literature, we develop a BMI identification tool which is then tested by senior managers from four large European corporations to assess whether innovation efforts represent BMI. The tool operationalises BMI and offers straightforward criteria and indicators to assist researchers but especially practitioners at accelerating BMI in established firms. This paper closes with recommendations for future research and limitations.

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