The Role of E-HRM Practices on Digital Era

The changes brought about by trends such as globalization, technological developments, and knowledge-based economy, and the speed of these changes are forcing the enterprises to create more innovative ways of doing business and business processes. This rapid change has also affected and altered human resources departments' way of business. In this chapter, the changes in human resources management functions and applications with the effect of technology during this time have been explained. In addition, the electronic human resources management process and its applications, which have been more important as a result of developed human resources technology, are examined and presented in this chapter.

Understanding Shopping Behaviors With Category- and Brand-Level Market Basket Analysis

In a digital transformation environment, most businesses shift towards e-business and encounter businesses and customer interaction on digital channels. Information Technology renders data access and processing more efficient, and use of customer data in decision making has become a focal interest area that attracts researchers. Customer data is a relevant subject for numerous studies in Data Mining. In this chapter, Association Rule Mining has been utilized to extract purchase behavior patterns with a multilevel approach. Basket data obtained from an online retailer was analyzed to discover purchase behaviors with a focus on category and brand attributes of products. Brands and categories purchased together frequently were discovered. Brand and category-wise association rules were also presented in the results. The analysis differs from the majority of prior analyses, by referring to the category and brand attributes in basket data. It could be noted that generalized rules obtained with this approach might prove useful in recommending new items of existing brands or categories.

New Economy, E-Commerce Businesses, and E-Businesses

Electronic commerce and electronic business concepts are highly researched in recent management literature. Network economy has revealed e-commerce, a new trade route that is carried out over the interlinked computers and mobile devices. E-commerce is a method used by almost all businesses that are physically processing. Therefore, there should be a significant distinction between e-business and e-commerce. With the development of e-commerce, new ways of doing business have emerged. Thus, many e-commerce companies have emerged, traditional businesses have started trading in electronic networks, and new business models have begun to be created in digital environments. In order to understand how e-businesses make money, many business models have been studied. For this reason, the concept of business model in the new economy and the transformation of business models into e-business models are examined. In line with this, it is aimed in this chapter to examine e-businesses, to clarify e-business models, and to explain e-commerce types and e-business model types in detail, with examples.

An Empirical Study on the Relationship Between Economic Growth and E-Commerce

Electronic commerce (e-commerce) has started to become an important explanatory component of economic growth via innovations in information technology in recent years. Studies within this framework show that countries that invest more in e-commerce have reached higher growth rates. In this regard, this chapter has examined the relationship between e-commerce represented by two sub-components as fixed and mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions and economic growth for chosen countries (BRICS and Turkey) with 2000-2016 annual data by using Panel VAR, impulse response analysis, and variance decomposition. Results of the study show that economic growth and e-commerce are related. These results suggest that countries that want to increase their economic growth rate should focus on policies to increase e-commerce volume.

SERVQUAL-Based Performance Analysis of Agricultural Financing in E-Banking Industry

The aim of the study is to measure the effectiveness of commercial banks in the agricultural financing in Turkey. For this purpose, 10 different criteria are identified based on five different SERVQUAL perspectives. Moreover, 10 different Turkish deposit banks traded on BIST are taken into consideration in the analysis process. Interval type-2 fuzzy DEMATEL (IT2 FDEMATEL) method is used to weight the dimensions and criteria. Also, deposit banks are ranked with interval type-2 fuzzy TOPSIS (IT2 FTOPSIS). The findings show that flexibility of needs, branch availability, and qualified personnel are the most important criteria for agricultural financing. Hence, it is recommended that banks design a system in which customers can access the banks in flexible times related to the agricultural financing. Another important recommendation is that banks open new branches near the agricultural regions so that farmers can reach the banking services easily. Furthermore, banks should also improve their personnel for agricultural issues with necessary trainings.

Examination of Effects of Competitive Strategies on the E-Commerce Companies in Terms of Achieving Sustainable Competitive Advantage

E-commerce brings companies and customers together in an exchange market environment, beyond any physical, cultural, and legal boundaries, and on an unimaginable scale, which was considered to be technically impossible before. The companies' online facilities have been improved and become accessible to everyone through smart phones, tablets, etc. as the web pages and social networks started to direct individuals towards e-commerce. E-commerce not only raises economic concerns related to competition and pricing, but also reveals new social and environmental threats that can be quite widespread and viral. Several studies have been conducted to examine the transformation of traditional business models into e-businesses, the impact of e-commerce businesses on traditional business activities, or opportunities brought by technological innovations. For this reason, the effects of the competitive strategies will be explained in terms of ensuring sustainable competitive advantage within e-commerce companies.

The Effect of Consumer Emotions on Online Purchasing Behavior

This chapter was written to demonstrate the effect of consumer emotion on online purchasing behavior. According to the results obtained from 418 data, it was observed that both positive and negative emotions impacted online buying behavior. In this context, as the positive emotions of the online consumer increases, the frequency of purchases increases, but as the negative emotions of the online consumer increases, the frequency of purchases decreases. In addition, user interface quality, product information quality, service information quality, site awareness, security perception, information satisfaction, and relational benefit factors are factors that negatively affect consumers emotionally in purchasing online. On the other hand, only product information quality, user interface quality, and security perception factors positively affect emotions of online consumers.

E-Trading Decision Making

Electronic trade has a key role for today's companies with help of technology affecting marketing environment. The emergence of the Internet has led to huge changes in both the production and strategy channels and the consumer's purchasing process. Previous studies from different contexts examine electronic trade focusing on different aspects on concept. An integrative approach combining theory with cases can help to a better understanding of electronic trade and competitive markets. This study aims to examine electronic trading decision making with digital marketing approach. The study identifies a three-step marketing plan for competitive advantage about electronic trading. First step includes identifying standards, seasonalities, and anomalies related to market. Second step continues with further evaluation of market environment by including sentiment analysis and network analysis cases. Third step goes further with predicting cases by focusing on future. The study also contains solutions and recommendations, future research directions, and conclusion sections.

E-Retailing Practices in Mobile Marketing

Today, the Internet has become a frequently-used tool in trading information, products, and services. Together with the transformations in the Internet, new media, and mobile technologies, the retail sector is also developing its service area. With the development of mobile technologies, retail giants determine the expectations and needs of their consumers in a good and fast way with artificial intelligence applications. This situation transforms it into purchasing behavior with the reflection of customer preferences on products and increasing personalization. One of the key issues in the mobile retail sector is to make the purchasing behavior permanent by ensuring the satisfaction of consumers. In the study, Getir application, a mobile marketing application was analyzed with focus group research technique performed on university students selected in accordance with certain criteria. As a result of the research, the availability, awareness, and satisfaction status of the participants on Getir application were revealed.

Electronic Payment Systems in Electronic Commerce

Technological advances and correspondingly the spreading usage of the Internet have significantly changed commerce, and also the concept of money has become more abstract. Customers with the help of the technological advances don't have the necessity of cash money, and consumers/firms tend towards alternative payment methods. At this point, electronic commerce (e-commerce) web sites have started to use block chaining payment methods. In this digital world, new payment technologies have started to spread far and wide thanks to fast improvements in payment technologies, and they offer different options in payment methods. Each electronic payment (e-payment) system has some advantages; however, each of them has some disadvantages as well. The aim of this study is to investigate the e-payment systems which are different from traditional payment methods.