Characteristics of saltwater intrusion during high and low waters along Sungai Kilim, Langkawi Kedah

Salinity distribution is one of the physical indices that is important to determine water resources management and quality in estuaries. There are many other driven parameters in determining salt intrusion such as tides, river discharge, and river geometry. This paper studies the salinity distribution using the tide driven parameters during high and low waters. The objectives of this study are to obtain the salinity and pH values at different tidal impact of low and high waters in determining one of the physical indices along Kilim River, Langkawi. There were ten different stations with 500 m of interval along the study area starting from the Kilim River Jetty towards the river mouth. The salinity was obtained from six different depths with the reading of pH values and temperature as supporting details of the observation made along the Kilim River, Langkawi. The depth at each station varied from 0.5 to 3.0 m with 0.5 m of interval. Based on the results obtained from this study, the salinity during high water was highly stratified compared to those of low water. The salinity characteristic is important to further research on the impact of sea level rise at the estuaries. The salinity distribution pattern may contribute to the different species of vegetation along the Kilim River, Langkawi. Therefore, this study will help in contributing the mangrove migration for future research.

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Comparison of empirical models with intensively observed data for prediction salt intrusion in the Sumjin River estuary, Korea

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/hessd-6-1879-2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 1879-1905 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

D. C. Shaha ◽

Y.-K. Cho

Keyword(s):

River Discharge ◽

Neap Tide ◽

Spring Tide ◽

River Estuary ◽

High Water ◽

Empirical Models ◽

Length Scale ◽

Salt Intrusion ◽

Salinity Data ◽

Comparative Results

Abstract. Intensive measurements of salt intrusion in the Sumjin River estuary were taken at high and low waters during both spring and neap tides in each season from August 2004 to April 2007. The estuary demonstrated partially- and well-mixed characteristics during the spring tide and stratified condition during the neap tide. The salt intrusion at high water varied from about 13.39 km in summer 2005 to 25.62 km in autumn 2006. The salt intrusion depended primarily on the freshwater discharges rather than those of spring-neap tidal oscillations. Analysis of three years of observed salinity data indicated that the salt intrusion length scale in the Sumjin River estuary was proportional to the river discharge to the −1/5 power. Five empirical models were applied to the Sumjin River estuary to explore the most suitable as an easy-to-use tool for prediction of the salt intrusion length as functions of the geometry, river discharge and tide. Comparative results showed that the Nguyen and Savenije (2006) model developed under both partially- and well-mixed estuaries yielded the most satisfactory results of all the models studied for computing the salt intrusion length in the Sumjin River estuary. Our study suggests that the model can generate reasonable results for stratified conditions also.

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Brief communication: The role of using precipitation or river discharge data when assessing global coastal compound flooding

Natural Hazards and Earth System Science ◽

10.5194/nhess-20-1765-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 1765-1782 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Emanuele Bevacqua ◽

Michalis I. Vousdoukas ◽

Theodore G. Shepherd ◽

Mathieu Vrac

Keyword(s):

River Discharge ◽

Large Scale ◽

Storm Surges ◽

High Water ◽

Small Rivers ◽

Water Runoff ◽

Discharge Data ◽

Physical Mechanisms ◽

Catchment Size ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Interacting storm surges and high water runoff can cause compound flooding (CF) in low-lying coasts and river estuaries. The large-scale CF hazard has been typically studied using proxies such as the concurrence of storm surge extremes either with precipitation or with river discharge extremes. Here the impact of the choice of such proxies is addressed employing state-of-the-art global datasets. Although they are proxies of diverse physical mechanisms, we find that the two approaches show similar CF spatial patterns. On average, deviations are smaller in regions where assessing the actual CF is more relevant, i.e. where the CF potential is high. Differences between the two assessments increase with the catchment size, and our findings indicate that CF in long rivers (catchment ≳5–10×103 km2) should be analysed using river discharge data. The precipitation-based assessment allows for considering local-rainfall-driven CF and CF in small rivers not resolved by large-scale datasets.

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Response of salinity distribution around the Yellow River mouth to abrupt changes in river discharge

Continental Shelf Research ◽

10.1016/j.csr.2011.01.005 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 685-694 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Yucheng Wang ◽

Zhe Liu ◽

Huiwang Gao ◽

Lian Ju ◽

Xinyu Guo

Keyword(s):

River Discharge ◽

Yellow River ◽

River Mouth ◽

The Yellow River ◽

Salinity Distribution ◽

Abrupt Changes ◽

Yellow River Mouth

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Water-Energy-Food Nexus: Critical Review, Practical Applications, and Prospects for Future Research

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13041919 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1919

Author(s):

Aries Purwanto ◽

Janez Sušnik ◽

Franciscus X. Suryadi ◽

Charlotte de Fraiture

Keyword(s):

International Organizations ◽

Future Research ◽

Practical Implementation ◽

World Economic Forum ◽

Resources Management ◽

Practical Applications ◽

World Economic ◽

Almost All ◽

Framework Development ◽

The Impact

This paper presents knowledge gaps and critiques on the water–energy–food (WEF) nexus that have emerged since the concept of the WEF nexus was proposed by the World Economic Forum and the Bonn 2011 Conference. Furthermore, this study analyses current innovations on the WEF nexus concept, applications, and impacts during the period of 2012–2020. This begins by reviewing ten WEF nexus frameworks developed by international organizations and researchers. On this basis, several gaps and omissions in nexus frameworks are obvious in almost all developed frameworks. Studies that start to address some of these gaps are analysed, but they are relatively few and do not address all gaps. Several proposed improvements to nexus frameworks are identified to narrow the gaps and put the concept into practical implementation in WEF resources management and governance. Four principles and the perspective of “from local to global” for future WEF nexus framework development and analysis are suggested to ensure that the security of water, energy, and food resources can be achieved sustainably in local communities. This will improve the impact of national and global ambitions on WEF security.

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Effects of sea level rise on salinity and tidal flooding patterns in the Guadiana Estuary

Journal of Water and Climate Change ◽

10.2166/wcc.2021.202 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lara Mills ◽

João Janeiro ◽

Flávio Martins

Keyword(s):

Sea Level Rise ◽

Sea Level ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Salinity Distribution ◽

Salt Intrusion ◽

System A ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

The Impact ◽

Transitional Environments ◽

Guadiana Estuary

Abstract Sea level rise is a worldwide concern as a high percentage of the population accommodates coastal areas. The focus of this study is the impact of sea level rise in the Guadiana Estuary, an estuary in the Iberian Peninsula formed at the interface of the Guadiana River and the Gulf of Cadiz. Estuaries will be impacted by sea level rise as these transitional environments host highly diverse and complex marine ecosystems. The major consequences of sea level rise are the intrusion of salt from the sea into fresh water and an increase in flooding area. As the physical, chemical, and biological components of estuaries are sensitive to changes in salinity, the purpose of this study is to further evaluate salt intrusion in the Guadiana Estuary caused by sea level rise. Hydrodynamics of the Guadiana Estuary were simulated in a two-dimensional numerical model with the MOHID water modeling system. A previously developed hydrodynamic model was implemented to further examine changes in salinity distribution in the estuary in response to sea level rise. Varying tidal amplitudes, freshwater discharge from the Guadiana River and bathymetries of the estuary were incorporated in the model to fully evaluate the impacts of sea level rise on salinity distribution and flooding areas of the estuary. Results show an overall increase in salinity and land inundation in the estuary in response to sea level rise.

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Fees and governance: Towards sustainability in water resources management at schools in post-apartheid South Africa

10.31224/osf.io/5wy8s ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

MJ Booysen ◽

Buddhi Wijesiri ◽

Cheroline Ripunda ◽

Ashantha Goonetilleke

Keyword(s):

Demand Management ◽

High Water ◽

Early Morning ◽

Water Usage ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Resources Management ◽

Large Cities ◽

Early Afternoon ◽

Usage Patterns ◽

The Impact

Water scarcity is increasingly staking a claim next to energy as a threat to the sustainability of large cities, especially in developing countries with limited resources. The recent crisis brought on by Cape Town’s “Day Zero” drought created the impetus to expand on existing research on water demand management to include analysis of school usage patterns and key determinants thereof. With the effects of apartheid still visible in society and in school infrastructure coupled with the high water usage rates at schools, this paper evaluates the impact of school affluence (whether it is fee-paying or not, and self-governing or not) on water usage. We find that poor schools use substantially more water, partially because of poor maintenance, with mean water efficiencies of poor schools around 50% and 80% for affluent schools. Bayesian models were used to further determine which characteristics of a school are good proxies for the higher usage to help administrators and policy makers in the resource constrained educational environment. In addition to the obvious impact of maintenance, the results point an incriminatory finger at early morning-school usage, early afternoon usage, and Saturday usage

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HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OF HEI THROUGH THE FORMATION OF EFFECTIVE HR POLICY

Municipal economy of cities ◽

10.33042/2522-1809-2020-5-158-58-63 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (158) ◽

pp. 58-63

Author(s):

N. Mushchynska ◽

N. Matvieieva

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Human Resources ◽

Teacher Development ◽

Human Resources Management ◽

Future Research ◽

Resources Management ◽

Wide Range ◽

Constructive Work ◽

High Level ◽

The Impact

There is a dearth of research in literature examining how people are managed in higher education institu-tions in Ukraine. This paper explores how universities manage their traditional personnel management system. The problems of formation of HR policy of the institution of higher education (HEI) in the context of its main direc-tions are investigated. In the conditions of critical lack of financial resources, the organizational bases to in-crease the efficiency of application of HRM system in HEI are considered. Our findings reveal some steps to help HEI in their long way to establish a modern HRM system. The basic perspective research directions which will allow implementing modern concepts of HRM in the academic environ-ment are proposed. Among them are rejection of the paradigm student - graduate student - teacher within one HEI and assessment of scientific and pedagogical staff through 3 blocks: effectiveness; competence; potential for teacher development. The need and implications for future research are identified. The most perspective is the role of the positive OCB (Organisational Citizenship Behaviour) as a wide range of individual actions that go beyond assigned tasks because it is associated with constructive work that employees do of their own choice and benefits the company. As an effective motivational tool could be used the perception of the impact of different types of re-search and learning support by different categories of participants in the educational and scientific environment. It is also recommended to pay special attention to the creation of a high level of employee loyalty. The insights from this study would be of value to the management of universities. Keywords: human resources policy (HR policy), human resources management (HRM), institution of higher education (HEI).

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Sugarcane Biochar as an Amendment for Greenhouse Growing Media for the Production of Cucurbit Seedlings

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n2p104 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 104 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Charles L. Webber III ◽

Paul M. White Jr ◽

Douglas J. Spaunhorst ◽

Isabel M. Lima ◽

Eric C. Petrie

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

High Water ◽

Future Research ◽

Seedling Production ◽

Growing Media ◽

Heating Value ◽

Raw Sugar ◽

Certified Organic ◽

The Impact ◽

Bagasse Biochar

Louisiana sugarcane farmers in 2016 harvested 11.7 million Mg millable sugarcane from 163,000 ha, producing 1.47 million Mg of raw sugar and an estimated 3.5 million Mg of bagasse. Even though Louisiana sugar mills use 80 to 90% of the bagasse for fuel production, another 350,000 to 700,000 Mg of bagasse accumulates each year. The conversion of the excess bagasse into biochar is an excellent option with numerous uses. Research was conducted to determine the impact of sugarcane biochar as an amendment to soilless planting media for the production of cucurbit seedlings. Two biochars were combined by volume with a commercial certified organic soilless growing media into 5 combinations (0%:100%, 25%:75%, 50%:50%, 75%:25%, and 100%:0%, biochars and growing media, respectively). Squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) var. ‘Enterprise’ and cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.) var. ‘Magnum .45’ were planted in each of the 5 different planting mixtures. The higher heating value (HHV), lower heating value (LHV), and fixed carbon (FixC) were greater for the standard bagasse biochar (SBB), therefore, making it more valuable as a potential fuel source than the pneumatic bagasse biochar (PBB). All of the biochar mixture combinations compared favorably to the commercial media with low bulk densities (0.11 to 0.14 g cm-3) and high water holding capacities (80-87%). In respect to seedling production, the biochars (SBB and PBB) performed well, especially at the 25 and 50% levels for both plant species. The squash seedlings responded better at the 75% level than the cantaloupe seedlings, which reflect differences in nutrient requirements. The 100% biochar growing media are not recommended because both plant species often had a decrease in organic matter. These results indicate that the volume of a standard soilless greenhouse growing media can be successfully extended by adding 25 to 50% sugarcane biochar without a reduction in squash and cantaloupe seedling production. Future research should investigate the impact of additional plant species, as well as different biochar sources on seedling production.

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Investigation of spatial and temporal salinity distribution in river deltas through idealized numerical modelling

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-8781 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Constantinos Matsoukis ◽

Laurent Amoudry ◽

Lucy Bricheno ◽

Nicoletta Leonardi

Keyword(s):

Numerical Modelling ◽

Environmental Change ◽

River Discharge ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Salinity Distribution ◽

Natural Habitats ◽

Salt Intrusion ◽

Salinity Field ◽

River Deltas

The world's river deltas are increasingly vulnerable due to pressures from human activities and environmental change. In deltaic regions, the distribution of salinity controls the resourcing of freshwater for agriculture, aquaculture and human consumption; it also regulates the functioning of critical natural habitats. Despite numerous insightful studies, there are still significant uncertainties on the spatio-temporal patterns of salinity across deltaic systems. In particular, there is a need for a better understanding of the salinity distribution across deltas&#8217; channels and for simple predictive relationship linking salinity to deltas&#8217; characteristics and environmental conditions. We address this gap through idealized three-dimensional modelling of typical delta configurations (river, tide dominated etc.) and by investigating the relationship between salinity, river discharge and channels&#8217; bifurcation order. Model results are then compared with data from real delta cases. Results demonstrate the existence of simple one-dimensional and analytical relationships describing the salinity field in a delta. Salinity and river discharge are exponentially and negatively correlated. There is a correlation between salinity and channels bifurcation order and salinity increases linearly with decreasing stream order. These useful parametrizations of salinity distribution following deltas&#8217; features and geometry might be applied to real case scenarios to support the investigation of deltas vulnerability to environmental change and the management of deltaic ecosystems.&#160;Keywords: salinity, salt intrusion, river deltas, numerical modelling, idealized river delta models

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Wavelet analysis of the Baltic region river runoff longh-term trends and fluctuations

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences Section B Natural Exact and Applied Sciences ◽

10.2478/v10046-011-0009-1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 64 (5-6) ◽

pp. 229-235

Author(s):

Andrejs Timuhins ◽

Valērijs Rodinovs ◽

Māris Kļaviņš

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Wavelet Analysis ◽

River Runoff ◽

River Discharge ◽

Large Scale ◽

High Water ◽

Baltic Region ◽

Discharge Regime ◽

The Baltic ◽

The Impact

Wavelet analysis of the Baltic region river runoff longh-term trends and fluctuations The study of changes in river discharge and flood regime can provide important information on climate change and its impacts. Wavelet analysis offers new possibilities to study changes of river discharge patterns in regard to periodical processes on a background of climate change. In this study wavelet analysis was used to study long-term changes of river discharge in the Baltic region. Periodic oscillations of discharge intensity, and low- and high-water flow years are common for the major rivers in the Eastern Baltic region. Main frequencies of river discharge were estimated to be 14, 28, 37 years for the studied rivers. Wavelet analysis allowed to identify similarities between the river discharge regime, and thus, the factors influencing it. Years of maximal and minimal discharges for major rivers were identified and the impact of large-scale atmospheric circulation processes on the river discharge was studied.

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