scholarly journals Production of activated carbon from corn cobs and mango kernels via H3PO4 activation and mediated hydrothermal treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 06020
Author(s):  
Joaquin Victorino Mari Armonio ◽  
Ivan Joshua Caragdag ◽  
Jaylym Aldryne Escorpizo ◽  
Karizza Mae Miranda ◽  
April Joyce Raymundo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
H3po4 Activation

In this study, the activated carbon produced from mango kernels and corn cobs by impregnating the hydrothermally treated raw materials with 85% H3PO4 were characterize for their physical surface morphology and types of surface functional groups using SEM and FT-ir, respectively. Six samples of activated carbon were submerged for 1 hour, the second sample for 2 hours, and the third sample for 3 hours. SEM results showed that both KAC (Kernel Activated Carbon) and CAC (Corn Activated Carbon) had increasing roughness and irregularity along with residence time of the samples. Results from FT-ir (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) testing of the mango kernels samples showed that a C-O stretch, C-H, C=O stretch, and C-N stretch on the surface. While corncobs consist of C-H bend, and O-H bend for the 1-HR sample. The 2-HR and 3-HR samples consist of C-O stretch, C-H wag, C-N stretch. Analysis of the relationship between residence time and adsorptive capacity was done using AAS via batch adsorption in a tri-metal solution of Cu(Copper), Ni(Nickel), and Pb(Lead) with results that showed CAC and KAC, with soaking time of 3 hours is a good adsorbent of Copper and Nickel, while soaking time of 2 hours yields the best adsorption conditions for both CAC and KAC.

Adsorption of methylene blue and Congo red from aqueous solution by activated carbon and carbon nanotubes

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2240-2248 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Szlachta ◽  
P. Wójtowicz
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Kinetics Of

This study was conducted to determine the adsorption removal of dyes by powdered activated carbon (PAC, Norit) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs, Chinese Academy of Science) from an aqueous solution. Methylene blue (MB) and Congo red (CR) were selected as model compounds. The adsorbents tested have a high surface area (PAC 835 m2/g, MWCNTs 358 m2/g) and a well-developed porous structure which enabled the effective treatment of dye-contaminated waters and wastewaters. To evaluate the capacity of PAC and MWCNTs to adsorb dyes, a series of batch adsorption experiments was performed. Both adsorbents exhibited a high adsorptive capacity for MB and CR, and equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir model, with the maximum adsorption capacity up to 400 mg/g for MB and 500 mg/g for CR. The separation factor, RL, revealed the favorable nature of the adsorption process under experimental conditions. The kinetics of adsorption was studied at various initial dye concentrations and solution temperatures. The pseudo-second-order model was used for determining the adsorption kinetics of MB and CR. The data obtained show that adsorption of both dyes was rapid in the initial stage and followed by slower processing to reach the plateau. The uptake of dyes increased with contact time, irrespective of their initial concentration and solution temperature. However, changes in the solution temperature did not significantly influence dye removal.

scholarly journals Removal of fluoride from an aqueous solution by batch and column process using activated carbon derived from iron infused Pisum sativum peel: characterization, Isotherm, kinetics study

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 200241-0
Author(s):  
Naincy Sahu ◽  
Chandra Bhan ◽  
Jiwan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Fluoride Removal ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

The present study investigated the adsorption efficiency of magnetic activated carbon was synthesized by waste biomass of Pisum sativum (peel) and pyrolysis at 500˚C temperature (MPPAC-500). Derived activated carbon was applied for removal of fluoride from aqueous solution. The MPPAC-500 was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), zeta potential, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Particle Size Analyser. The fluoride sequestration study was performed in both batch and column systems. The batch adsorption study was focused on parameter like, adsorbent dose, contact time, pH and initial fluoride concentrations. The maximum capacity of fluoride removal was qo = 4.71 (mg/g). Freundlich isotherm model (R2 -0.995) obeyed better than Langmuir (R<sup>2</sup> -0.979) model. The RL values observed between 0-1 (RL-0.057) inferred the favourable adsorption. Pseudo-second-order model favoured well than pseudo-first-order in the whole experimental data. In case of column study was performed at two different bed height 5 cm and 10 cm having flow rate of 5 mL/min as well as 10 mL/min. The breakthrough curve and column data were interpreted by Thomas, Adams-Bohart, Yoon-Nelson and Clark model. These finding showed that MPPAC-500 has potential adsorptive capacity for fluoride removal from aqueous solutions in batch and column systems.

Effect of Base Material on the Pore Size Distribution and Surface Area of Activated Carbon

2009 ◽  
Vol 62-64 ◽  
pp. 352-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.O. Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Materials Used

Powdered activated carbons were produced from palm kernel shells, corn cobs and cow bones by carbonization, pulverization and activation. The resulting granule has a surface area of 430.04 m2/g, 4022.15 m2/g and 733.60 m2/g respectively with controlled pore size. The characterized surface area enables the carbon to absorb vapors from gases, and substances from liquids. The surface properties are function of the base materials used in the preparation. Determinations of their adsorptive capacities show that activated carbon prepared from corn cobs has the highest adsorptive capacity. The surface properties are function of the base materials used in the preparation. Determinations of their adsorptive capacities show that activated carbon prepared from corn cobs has the highest adsorptive capacity.

scholarly journals Sorption of Sulfamethoxazole on Inorganic Acid Solution-Etched Biochar Derived from Alfalfa

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1033
Author(s):  
Qi Li ◽  
Wei Yu ◽  
Linwen Guo ◽  
Yuhang Wang ◽  
Siyu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Acceptor Interaction ◽  
Adsorption Sites ◽  
Inorganic Acids ◽  
Donor Acceptor ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Coexisting Ions ◽  
Adsorption Quantity

The properties of alfalfa-derived biochars etched with phosphoric (PBC) or hydrochloric acid (ClBC) compared with raw materials (BC) were examine in this paper. SEM, FT-IR, XRD, BET and elemental analysis were performed to characterize the micromorphology and chemical structure comprehensibly. The results showed that the porous structure was enhanced, and surface area was increased via etching with inorganic acids. Batch adsorption experiments were performed for sulfamethoxazole (SMX) to biochars. The experimental data showed that modified biochars exhibited higher adsorption capacity for SMX, i.e., the adsorption quantity of ClBC and PBC had risen by 38% and 46%. The impact on pH values suggested that the physisorption, including pore-filling and electrostatic interaction, might be applied to original biochar. In addition, chemisorption also played a role, including hydrogen bonding, π-π electron donor acceptor interaction (π-π EDA), and so on. Furthermore, both pH and coexisting ions also had a certain effect on sorption. Enhancement of the electrostatic attraction between biochar and SMX might also account for the enhanced capacity of SMX at pH < 7, and coexisting ions could decrease the amount of SMX adsorbed onto biochars, mainly because of competition for adsorption sites.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF THE CARBONIZATION AND ACTIVATION PROCESS ON THE ADSORPTION CAPACITY OF RICE HUSK ACTIVATED CARBON

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoa Thai Ma ◽  
Hung Cam Ly ◽  
Van Thi Thanh Ho ◽  
Nguyen Bao Pham ◽  
Dat Chi Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Activation Process

In this study, rice husk was used as a precursor to prepare activated carbon using steam as a physical activation agent. Steam for activation can be used to activate almost all raw materials. A variety of methods have been developed but all of these share the same basic principle of initial carbonization followed by an activation step with steam. The study also investigates the effects of preparation parameters on the surface characteristics of the carbon. These parameters include the range of temperature and time in the carbonization and activation. The initial carbonization, done at temperatures up to 500°C in 60 min, is a highly exothermic process where the temperature is strictly controlled. The creation of the internal surface is done during the activation step with steam at temperatures 800°C in 30 min., for which the BET surface area is up to 710.8m2/g. Besides, the iodine and methylene blue adsorption capacity of rice-husk carbon are the best that reach 865.98±6.5 and 217.86±1.0 (mg/g), respectively. The entire synthetic procedure was simple, environmental-friendly and economical-effectively. The application prospect of the activated carbon prepared in this work was much more promising due to its high adsorptive capacity.

scholarly journals Adsorption of cadmium by magnesium-modified biochar at different pyrolysis temperatures

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 767-786
Author(s):  
Ya Chen ◽  
Ruifeng Shan ◽  
Xiaoyin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Modified Biochar ◽  
Layer Adsorption ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Endothermic Process ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

Metal pollution in soil is an increasing concern. Cadmium poses significant risks to ecosystems, and methodologies for its removal, including adsorption, have been researched. There are several environmentally friendly adsorbing materials (such as Biochar) for Cd removal. In this study, to improve the adsorptive capacity of Cd, coconut and peanut shells were used as raw materials to prepare Biochar at 300 °C and 600 °C. The effects of the pyrolysis temperature and material type on the physicochemical properties of the adsorbents were investigated by elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Magnesium-loaded BC was synthesized to determine its Cd2+ absorptivity. The adsorption characteristics and mechanisms of Cd2+ in an aqueous phase were studied through batch adsorption experiments. The results demonstrated that the pseudo-second-order kinetics model accurately described the adsorption kinetics of adsorbents of Cd2+. The adsorption behavior of the Cd2+ adsorbent conforms to the single layer adsorption described by the Langmuir model. Adsorption of Cd2+ involves a spontaneous endothermic process. The initial pH of the solution greatly influenced the adsorption of Cd2+ and showed a trend of rapid growth and then slow growth. Thus, magnesium-modified biomass carbon has good potential for applications in pollutant remediation.

scholarly journals Kinetic, Equilibrium and Thermodynamic studies on the removal of Cr(VI) by activated carbon prepared from Cajanus Cajan(L) Milsp seed shell

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Thamilarasu ◽  
G. Kumar ◽  
R. Tamilarasan ◽  
V. Sivakumar ◽  
K. Karunakaran
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Thermodynamic Studies ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Kinetic Equilibrium

Kinetic, Equilibrium and Thermodynamic studies on the removal of Cr(VI) by activated carbon prepared from Cajanus Cajan(L) Milsp seed shell This paper presents the feasibility of the removal of hexavalent chromium ions from aqueous solutions by using activated carbon prepared from Cajanus Cajan(L) Milsp. It was carbonized and activated by treating it with concentrated sulfuric acid followed by heating for 5 h at 500°C. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of pH, contact time, initial concentration of the adsorbate, adsorbent dosage and temperature. The experimental data fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters such as ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG° were calculated, which indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The adsorbent used in this study was characterized by FT-IR and SEM before and after the adsorption of metal ions. The results indicate that Cajanus Cajan(L) Milsp can be employed as a low cost alternative and commercial adsorbents in the removal of chromium (VI) from water and waste water.

scholarly journals Augmenting granular activated carbon with natural clay for multicomponent sorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 2213-2221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuhu Dalhat Mu'azu ◽  
Mohammed Hussain Essa ◽  
Salihu Lukman
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Natural Clay ◽  
Multicomponent Adsorption ◽  
Initial Ph

Multicomponent adsorption of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn onto date palm pits based granular activated carbon (GAC) augmented with highly active natural clay at different proportion was investigated. The effects of the initial pH and the adsorbents mixed ratio on the removal selectivity sequence of the metals evaluated. Batch adsorption experiments were undertaken at initial pH 2, 6 and 12. At initial pH 2, both the percent removal and the metals adsorptive capacity decreased with increasing GAC to clay ratio (from 0 to 1) with the percentage removal of Cd, Zn and Cr ions dropping from 68, 81, 100% to 43, 57 and 70%, respectively. At both pH 6 and 12, the percentage removals and adsorption capacities of all the heavy metal ions are higher than at pH 2. Selectivity sequences for pH 2, 6 and 12 followed the order Pb &gt; Cr &gt; Cu &gt; Zn &gt; Cd; Pb &gt; Cr &gt; Cu &gt; Cd &gt; Zn and Cd &gt; Cr &gt; Cu &gt; Pb &gt; Zn, respectively. The adsorption trends were analyzed in relation to point of zero charge and ξ-potential and the metals ions speciation at different pH. These results will help better understand the feasibility of augmenting GAC with natural clay minerals during fixed bed column test which is more beneficial for practical industrial applications.

scholarly journals Batch Adsorption, Kinetics, and DFT study of Cd(II) Ion From Aqueous Solution By Low-Cost Starch-Based Activated Carbon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad Melhi alsehri ◽  
Bushra Bostan ◽  
Saeed Ullah Jan ◽  
Adnan Ali Khan ◽  
Khan Badsha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Adsorption Mechanism ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
The Density Functional Theory ◽  
Ft Ir

Cadmium(II) contamination in the environment is an emerging problem due to its acute toxicity and mobility, so it is very urgent to remove this species from industrial wastewater before it is discharged into the environment. Thus, a starch-based activated carbon (AC) with a specific surface area of 1600 m2g-1 is used as an adsorbent for the capturing of toxic cadmium(II) ions from synthetic solutions. The sorbent is characterized by BET, SEM, TEM, XRD, FT-IR, TGA, and zeta potential. The maximum uptake (284 mg g-1) of Cadmium(II) ion is obtained at pH 6. The thermodynamic parameters like ∆G, ∆H, &Delta;S are found to be -17.42 kJmol-1, 6.49 kJ mol-1, and 55.66 Jmol-1K-1 respectively, revealing that the adsorption mechanism is endothermic, spontaneous, and feasible. The experimental data follows the D-R and Langmuir models well. The mass transfer is controlled by pseudo 2nd order kinetics. Furthermore, the density functional theory simulations demonstrate that the activated carbon strongly interacted with the Cd(II) ion through its various active sites. The adsorption energy noted for all interactive sites is highly negative (-0.45 eV to -10.03 eV), which shows that the adsorption process is spontaneous and stable which is in agreement with the experimental thermodynamics analysis.

Study on the Preparation and Adsorption Properties of Activated Carbon Obtained from Chinese Herbal Medicine Residue

2014 ◽  
Vol 904 ◽  
pp. 200-204
Author(s):  
Li Ming ◽  
Wei Xia ◽  
Bo Dong ◽  
Jun Hua Mao ◽  
Xin Wen Zhoug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Chinese Herbal Medicine ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Experimental Process ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, we use residue of ten different Chinese herbal medicine as raw material and ZnCl2, KOH,K2CO3 as activator, using chemical activation method to prepare activated carbon, and we do performance testing on the activated carbon. The experimental process includes the preparation and properties testing of activated carbon, as well as testing the content of leading components of lignin in these Chinese herbal medicine raw materials and their calorific values. We've studied the relationship between leading components of these raw materials and out put and properties of the activated carbon. As a result, we got that using KOH and K2CO3 as activator to prepare activated carbon is a good choose for residue of Chinese herbal medicine belonging to rootstock which contains high content of lignin.And ZnCl2 for residue of Chinese herbal medicine belonging to cane.

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