Expansion volume of alkali activated foamed cork composites from tungsten mining mud waste with aluminium

Several mixes of alkali activated foams from tungsten mud waste (MW), grounded glass (GG) and metakaolin (MK) were developed incorporating expanded granulated cork (EGC). This study presents preliminary results of the expansion process obtained with the addition of aluminium (AL) powder as a foaming agent. 0.3 wt.%, 0.4 wt.% to 0.5wt.% of AL powder were added to the alkali activated matrix. The physical and mechanical properties of the obtained foams, the effects of the type and amount of the foaming agent added are presented and discussed. Highly porous structures were obtained, with overall expansion up to 68.2% when the AL powder was added. The size and distribution of pores are shown. The compressive strength of foams in the case of highly porous structures achieved of 1.2 MPa for the samples containing 0.5 wt.% of AL powder. Mechanical and thermal properties of the cured structure are good and can therefore be used for applications in acoustic panels and lightweight prefabricated components for thermal insulation purposes.

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Enhancing Density-Based Mining Waste Alkali-Activated Foamed Materials Incorporating Expanded Cork

CivilEng ◽

10.3390/civileng2020029 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 523-540

Author(s):

Imed Beghoura ◽

Joao Castro-Gomes

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Pore Size ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Critical Parameters ◽

Porous Structures ◽

Foaming Agent ◽

Al Powder ◽

Highly Porous ◽

Alkali Activated

This study focuses on the development of an alkali-activated lightweight foamed material (AA-LFM) with enhanced density. Several mixes of tungsten waste mud (TWM), grounded waste glass (WG), and metakaolin (MK) were produced. Al powder as a foaming agent was added, varying from 0.009 w.% to 0.05 w.% of precursor weight. Expanded granulated cork (EGC) particles were incorporated (10% to 40% of the total volume of precursors). The physical and mechanical properties of the foamed materials obtained, the effects of the amount of the foaming agent and the percentage of cork particles added varying from 10 vol.% to 40% are presented and discussed. Highly porous structures were obtained, Pore size and cork particles distribution are critical parameters in determining the density and strength of the foams. The compressive strength results with different densities of AA-LFM obtained by modifying the foaming agent and cork particles are also presented and discussed. Mechanical properties of the cured structure are adequate for lightweight prefabricated building elements and components.

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Effect of foaming agent on physical and mechanical properties of alkali-activated slag foamed concrete

Construction and Building Materials ◽

10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.302 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 226 ◽

pp. 280-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Juan He ◽

Qie Gao ◽

Xuefeng Song ◽

Xiaolin Bu ◽

Junhong He

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Foaming Agent ◽

Alkali Activated Slag ◽

Foamed Concrete ◽

Activated Slag ◽

Alkali Activated

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The Effect of Activator on the Properties of Low-Calcium Alkali-Activated Mortars

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.604.169 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 604 ◽

pp. 169-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Girts Bumanis ◽

Diana Bajare ◽

Janis Locs

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Waste Glass ◽

Structure Investigation ◽

Structure Development ◽

Low Calcium ◽

Naoh Solution ◽

Alkali Activated

Properties of the low-calcium alkali-activated materials (AAMs) made from the metakaolin, waste glass and sand were tested in this research. Specimens with dimensions 40x40x160mm were prepared. The correlation between development of microstructure and concentration of NaOH solution used for preparing of the AAMs was observed. Structure investigation with SEM and FTIR was performed to describe the formation of microstructure in low-calcium AAMs. The research results aimed that the improvement of physical and mechanical properties of the AAMs with increasing the activator’s concentration from 2 to 10 mol/kg H2O were in concordance with the structure development of AAM. The 28 days old AAMs with a compressive strength up to 31MPa and water absorption lower than 2% were obtained by using activator with concentration 10 mol/kg H2O.

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PEMANFAATAN KAYU AKASIA MANGIUM (Acacia mangium Willd) UNTUK MEBEL

Jurnal Riset Industri Hasil Hutan ◽

10.24111/jrihh.v4i1.1195 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Djoko Purwanto

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Acacia Mangium ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Wood Fibers ◽

Test Parameters ◽

Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽

Scale Scores

Timber Acacia mangium (Acacia mangium, Willd) for Furniture. The study aims to determine the mechanical and physical properties and the decorative value (color and fiber) wood of acacia mangium with using finishing materials. This type of finishing material used is ultran lasur natural dof ,ultran lasur classic teak, aqua politur clear dof, aqua politur akasia dan aqua politur cherry. After finishing the wood is stored for 3 months. Test parameters were observed, namely, physical and mechanical properties of wood, adhesion of finishing materials, color and appearance of the fiber, and timber dimensions expansion. The results showed that the mechanical physical properties of acacia wood qualified SNI. 01-0608-89 about the physical and mechanical properties of wood for furniture, air dry the moisture content from 13.78 to 14.89%, flexural strength from 509.25 to 680.50 kg/cm2, and compressive strength parallel to fiber 342.1 - 412.9 kg/cm2. Finishing the treatment process using five types of finishing materials can increase the decorative value (color and fiber) wood. Before finishing the process of acacia mangium wood has the appearance of colors and fibers and less attractive (scale scores 2-3), after finishing acacia wood fibers have the appearance of colors and interesting and very interesting (scale 4-5).Keywords: mangium wood, mechanical properties, decorative value, finishing, furniture.

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The Effect of Different Types of Internal Curing Liquid on the Properties of Alkali-Activated Slag (AAS) Mortar

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13042407 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 2407

Author(s):

Guang-Zhu Zhang ◽

Xiao-Yong Wang ◽

Tae-Wan Kim ◽

Jong-Yeon Lim ◽

Yi Han

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Deionized Water ◽

Internal Curing ◽

Control Group ◽

Alkali Activated Slag ◽

Different Types ◽

Naoh Solution ◽

Activated Slag ◽

Alkali Activated

This study shows the effect of different types of internal curing liquid on the properties of alkali-activated slag (AAS) mortar. NaOH solution and deionized water were used as the liquid internal curing agents and zeolite sand was the internal curing agent that replaced the standard sand at 15% and 30%, respectively. Experiments on the mechanical properties, hydration kinetics, autogenous shrinkage (AS), internal temperature, internal relative humidity, surface electrical resistivity, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and setting time were performed. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the setting times of AAS mortars with internal curing by water were longer than those of internal curing by NaOH solution. (2) NaOH solution more effectively reduces the AS of AAS mortars than water when used as an internal curing liquid. (3) The cumulative heat of the AAS mortar when using water for internal curing is substantially reduced compared to the control group. (4) For the AAS mortars with NaOH solution as an internal curing liquid, compared with the control specimen, the compressive strength results are increased. However, a decrease in compressive strength values occurs when water is used as an internal curing liquid in the AAS mortar. (5) The UPV decreases as the content of zeolite sand that replaces the standard sand increases. (6) When internal curing is carried out with water as the internal curing liquid, the surface resistivity values of the AAS mortar are higher than when the alkali solution is used as the internal curing liquid. To sum up, both NaOH and deionized water are effective as internal curing liquids, but the NaOH solution shows a better performance in terms of reducing shrinkage and improving mechanical properties than deionized water.

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A new expansion material used for roof-contacted filling based on smelting slag

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81891-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hua Na ◽

Guocheng Lv ◽

Lijuan Wang ◽

Libing Liao ◽

Dan Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Sodium Silicate ◽

Utilization Rate ◽

Ammonium Bromide ◽

Foaming Agent ◽

Copper Nickel ◽

Smelting Slag ◽

Nickel Smelting

AbstractThe improper handling of smelting slag will seriously pollute the environment, and the unfilled roof of the goaf of the mine will threaten the safety of the mine. Expansion materials have attracted more and more attention because of their excellent properties. In this paper, copper-nickel smelting slag that has some active ingredients of gelling is used instead of traditional aggregate and some part of cement in order to reduce its pollution to the environment and its costs. For safety reasons, hydrogen peroxide was chosen as the foaming agent. Sodium silicate and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) are used as additives. Our results showed that after 28 days of curing, the material has better mechanical properties and the early compressive strength of the material was enhanced by sodium silicate. The efficiency of foaming was improved by CTAB. It also proves that copper–nickel smelting slag can be used in expansion material. At the same time, the utilization rate of the copper–nickel smelting slag of this formula can reach 70%, reduce its pollution to the environment.

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Alkali-Activated Zeolite 4A Granules—Characterization and Suitability Assessment for the Application of Adsorption

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst11040360 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 360

Author(s):

Pauls P. Argalis ◽

Laura Vitola ◽

Diana Bajare ◽

Kristine Vegere

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Solid Ratio ◽

Suitability Assessment ◽

Bet Analysis ◽

Zeolite 4A ◽

Compressive Strength Test ◽

Alkali Activated

A major problem in the field of adsorbents is that binders (kaolin clay, bentonite) introduced to bind zeolites and ensure the needed mechanical strength, are not able to sorb gases like CO2 and N2, and decrease the overall adsorption capacity. To solve this problem, one of the pathways is to introduce a binder able to sorb such gases. Thus, in this study, the physical and mechanical properties of a novel binder based on metakaolin and its composite with zeolite 4A in the granular form were studied. Metakaolin was used as a precursor for alkali-activated binder, which was synthesized using an 8M NaOH activation solution. Raw materials were characterized using granulometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential thermal analysis (DTA); and final products were characterized using density measurements, a compressive strength test, XRD, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Alkali-activated metakaolin was found to be efficient as a binding material when data for morphological properties were analyzed. A relationship was observed—by increasing the liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S), compressive strength decreased. Zeolite granule attrition was higher than expected: 2.42% and 4.55% for ZG-0.8, 3.64% and 5.76% for ZG-1.0, and 2.73% and 4.85% for ZG-1.2, measured at 4 and 5 atmospheres, respectively.

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Properties of High-Strength Flowable Mortar Reinforced with Palm Fibers

ISRN Civil Engineering ◽

10.5402/2012/718549 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eethar Thanon Dawood ◽

Mahyuddin Ramli

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

High Strength ◽

Test Results ◽

Palm Fiber ◽

Toughness Index ◽

Strength And Toughness

This study was conducted to determine some physical and mechanical properties of high-strength flowable mortar reinforced with different percentages of palm fiber (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6% as volumetric fractions). The density, compressive strength, flexural strength, and toughness index were tested to determine the mechanical properties of this mortar. Test results illustrate that the inclusion of this fiber reduces the density of mortar. The use of 0.6% of palm fiber increases the compressive strength and flexural strength by about 15.1%, and 16%, respectively; besides, the toughness index (I5) of the high-strength flowable mortar has been significantly enhanced by the use of 1% and more of palm fiber.

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Process Design for a Production of Sustainable Materials from Post-Production Clay

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14040953 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 953

Author(s):

Michał Łach ◽

Reda A. Gado ◽

Joanna Marczyk ◽

Celina Ziejewska ◽

Neslihan Doğan-Sağlamtimur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Waste Production ◽

Sustainable Materials ◽

Post Production ◽

Rich Material ◽

Jurassic Limestone ◽

By Products ◽

Alkali Activated

Alkali activated cement (AAC) can be manufactured from industrial by-products to achieve goals of “zero-waste” production. We discuss in detail the AAC production process from (waste) post-production clay, which serves as the calcium-rich material. The effect of different parameters on the changes in properties of the final product, including morphology, phase formation, compressive strength, resistance to the high temperature, and long-term curing is presented. The drying and grinding of clay are required, even if both processes are energy-intensive; the reduction of particle size and the increase of specific surface area is crucial. Furthermore, calcination at 750 °C ensure approximately 20% higher compressive strength of final AAC in comparison to calcination performed at 700 °C. It resulted from the different ratio of phases: Calcite, mullite, quartz, gehlenite, and wollastonite in the final AAC. The type of activators (NaOH, NaOH:KOH mixtures, KOH) affected AAC mechanical properties, significantly. Sodium activators enabled obtaining higher values of strength. However, if KOH is required, the supplementation of initial materials with fly ash or metakaolin could improve the mechanical properties and durability of AAC, even c.a. 28%. The presented results confirm the possibility of recycling post-production clay from the Raciszyn II Jurassic limestone deposit.

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