scholarly journals Geopolymers from mining tailings for more sustainable raw material supply

2019 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 05001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Obenaus-Emler ◽  
Mirja Illikainen ◽  
Mahroo Falah ◽  
Päivi Kinnunen ◽  
Kari Heiskanen
Keyword(s):  
Water Cycle ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Mining Operation ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Waste Rock ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Material Supply

For ecologic and economic reasons tailings, waste rock and water management become progressively important factors in the mining industry. The European Union funded project ‘Integrated mineral technologies for more sustainable raw material supply’ (ITERAMS) aims to (1) close the water cycle of the mineral processing plant (i.e. minimizing the release of wastewater to the adjacent environment), and (2) to use tailings (and waste rock) as raw materials for geopolymers. This will (1) enable significantly more efficient water recycling at the mining sites, (2) deliver cost savings and added income due to the valorisation of solid waste residues, and (3) minimize the overall environmental footprint of the mining industry and will therefore help improving its performance and as a consequence its social position. The developed solutions influence the total lifecycle of the mining operation, as they provide input to project planning and operational phases as well as to the closure and recultivation. In this paper, the valorisation of the tailings and the waste rock is discussed. The main applications of the geopolymer products are (1) backfill material to fill open cavities from the mining operation and (2) a cover for surface deposits of tailings to store them environmentally safe – i.e. seal them off from surface water streams and oxidising conditions.

scholarly journals Crushed Bricks: Demolition Waste as a Sustainable Raw Material for Geopolymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7572
Author(s):  
Gigliola D’Angelo ◽  
Marina Fumo ◽  
Mercedes del Rio Merino ◽  
Ilaria Capasso ◽  
Assunta Campanile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Crushed Brick

Demolition activity plays an important role in the total energy consumption of the construction industry in the European Union. The indiscriminate use of non-renewable raw materials, energy consumption, and unsustainable design has led to a redefinition of the criteria to ensure environmental protection. This article introduces an experimental plan that determines the viability of a new type of construction material, obtained from crushed brick waste, to be introduced into the construction market. The potential of crushed brick waste as a raw material in the production of building precast products, obtained by curing a geopolymeric blend at 60 °C for 3 days, has been exploited. Geopolymers represent an important alternative in reducing emissions and energy consumption, whilst, at the same time, achieving a considerable mechanical performance. The results obtained from this study show that the geopolymers produced from crushed brick were characterized by good properties in terms of open porosity, water absorption, mechanical strength, and surface resistance values when compared to building materials produced using traditional technologies.

scholarly journals LOW- GRADE STRUCTURES OF NOBLE AND NON- FERROUS METALS AND METHODS OF THEIR SELECTIVE SEPARATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-169
Author(s):  
Tatyana ALEXANDROVA ◽  
◽  
Anastasia AFANASOVA ◽  
Nadezhda NIKOLAEVA ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Rare Metals ◽  
Flotation Process

There is a worldwide trend of increasing the share of extraction and processing of low-grade minerals, but their extraction and processing volumes are still low. There are several reasons for this: high mining and transportation costs, imperfect techniques and technological difficulties in enrichment and processing of refractory and low-quality minerals. Due to the depletion of reserves of easily beneficiated raw materials and to compensate for the growing shortage of high-quality minerals, the Russian mining industry development strategy provides for the involvement of new and unconventional types of deposits into production. Examples of such deposits are deposits of carbonaceous raw materials (black shale, refractory sulphide carbon-bearing ores, impactites, etc.) containing carbon of varying degrees of metamorphism. On the basis of the most modern mineralogical, physical, nuclear and chemical methods of research of composition, structure and properties of the carbonaceous raw materials at the micro- and nanolevel, the composition of the productive mineral matter, physical, chemical and thermodynamic laws of separation of valuable mineral components and the basic technological processes to obtain the finished product for valorization of the unconventional carbonaceous mineral raw materials were determined with maximum reliability. One of the possible reasons of difficulty of beneficiation of carbonaceous raw materials is the fine phenocrysts in graphite which can be solved by using the flotation process. Contrast of surface properties of minerals with similar technological properties can be increased by application of different energy effects (MEMI, MIO, microwave, electrochemical treatment etc.) at successive stages of raw material transformation, regulation of pulp conditioning conditions (duration and intensity of agitation, heat treatment of pulp) as well as by development and application of selective reagent regimes. The special feature of flotation as a method of extraction of noble and rare metals is the ability to extract valuable metals not only in their native free form, but also in close association with sulphides and carbon. Flotation with the use of intensifying influences made it possible to transfereven low-sized structures of noble and rare metals, which are not extracted by conventional methods of cyanidation, gravitation enrichment and amalgamation, into the concentrate. One of the ways to increase the efficiency of the flotation process is preliminary modification of the additive which is introduced in addition to the main reagents of the sinter - “carrier material”.

scholarly journals Macroeconomic indicators of raw material policy in Slovakia

2019 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 03017
Author(s):  
Henrieta Pavolová ◽  
Zuzana Šimková ◽  
Andrea Seňová ◽  
Gabriel Wittenberger
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
The State ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Material Policy ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
National Economic Policy

This paper points to the development tendencies of selected macroeconomic indicators of raw material policy in Slovakia, which forms an integral part of the national economic policy of the state. It describes in detail selected macroeconomic indicators of exploitation of raw materials, which form the basic platform of functioning of all national economic sectors in Slovakia. It also points out the benefits for the Slovak economy in the form of revenues from mining activities to the state budget, municipal budget and environmental fund. At the end the article summarizes the partial findings from the development tendencies of macroeconomic indicators of raw material policy, which is currently an integral part of the industrial policy of the European Union.

scholarly journals Optimizing the Raw Material Supply Chain of the Wood Biomass Power Generation Industry for Different Stakeholders’ Benefits: An Analysis of Inner Mongolia, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1887
Author(s):  
Yang Bai ◽  
He Yang ◽  
Yu Zhao ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Jinyuan Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Western China ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Wood Biomass ◽  
Material Supply

A large number of sand shrubs have been planted in western China, especially in Inner Mongolia. Sand shrubs produce a large amount of stump residue, and wood biomass power generation enterprises that use stump residue as raw materials have emerged in Wushen Banner and other areas. In this paper, the Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model is used to optimize the raw material supply chain of forest biomass power generation enterprises. Optimizations with different objectives represent the choices of different stakeholders. The optimization results are listed as follows. (1) The self-issuance behavior of enterprises is inconsistent with the enterprise behavior required by social planners; (2) When social planners only pay attention to environmental benefits, the utilization rate of raw materials in towns located far from a power plant will be greatly reduced, which is not conducive for the reuse of stump residue; (3) When social planners consider economic, environmental, and social benefits simultaneously, the utilization rate of raw materials in each town will be significantly improved, resources will be effectively utilized, and certain economic benefits will be realized; (4) It is possible to reduce the difficulty of achieving optimization goals by promoting industrial development and encouraging technological progress.

scholarly journals Mixed magnesian binders using local silicate waste production

2021 ◽  
Vol 2131 (4) ◽  
pp. 042035
Author(s):  
E Lytkina
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Similar Process ◽  
Environmental Aspect ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Material Component ◽  
Additional Processing ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials

Abstract Today, the waste of the mining industry is more than 8 billion tons. Analysis of the literature data showed that most of the man-made waste that is generated as a result of the development of mineral deposits is suitable for use in many industries, in particular, in the production of building materials. The use of technogenic raw materials allows us to solve the following tasks: Environmental aspect - reducing the number of dumps and reducing their volumes. And this, in turn, improves the ecology of regions and territories. 2. Economic aspect - reducing the cost of construction products through the use of almost free raw materials, the release of more competitive products. Of course, it is necessary to provide that part of the costs will be spent on additional processing, revision, activation, modification of this technogenic raw material component. But today we have to think about how to clear the territory of substandard “waste rock” and use it to reduce the production and consumption of natural raw materials. A similar process can create waste-free production.

scholarly journals APRIORI ALGORITHM IMPLEMENTATION TO DETERMINE PURCHASE PATTERNS OF RAW MATERIALS AT PT PENJALINDO NUSANTARA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
Dedi Rozaq Prastyo ◽  
Sri Dianing Asri
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Apriori Algorithm ◽  
Customer Demand ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Material Supply ◽  
Purchase Patterns ◽  
Algorithm Implementation ◽  
Data Mining Application

PT. Penjalindo Nusantara is a manufacturing company in the packaging field where production depends on customer demand or what is commonly known as job orders so that timely production work and availability of sufficient materials are mandatory for the company. There was a problem in the implementation of the raw material supply strategy by PT. Penjalindo Nusantara caused delays in the supply of raw material stocks. The solution to this problem is to apply the Apriori algorithm to find out what raw materials are being purchased simultaneously so that it can be the basis for implementing a purchasing strategy in supporting the effectiveness of procurement of raw material stocks and also saving time in sending raw materials by suppliers. This research uses a Web-based data mining application to find the raw material purchase pattern. The result of this research is obtained 11 patterns of purchasing raw materials using a minimum value of 90% support and a minimum of 100% confidence with a lift ratio of 1 as a reference for determining which raw materials will be purchased at the same time.

scholarly journals Transparency with Blockchain and Physical Tracking Technologies: Enabling Traceability in Raw Material Supply Chains

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Angela v. Beckh Bacchetta ◽  
Volker Krümpel ◽  
Ella Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Global Supply Chains ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Material Supply ◽  
Digital World

By combining blockchain with physical tracking technologies, raw materials can potentially be traced throughout their global supply chains. Physical tracking technologies enable observing how raw materials move within the physical world, whereas blockchain translates these events into the digital world with an immutable record. This paper presents a taxonomy of different physical tracking technologies and examines if and how the combination of these technologies render raw material supply chains more transparent. Although academic literature highlights the theoretical benefits of combining these transformative technologies, large scale projects are still in their early stages. Following a brief literature review, this paper leverages an empirical approach to classify different tracking technologies, their fields of application and limitations, as well as how these technologies can enable supply chain transparency. Obviously, there is no single technology that can fulfil all requirements along complex supply chains. However, the relevant combination of respective technologies can help bridge gaps by increasing transparency within supply chains.

scholarly journals Assessing the possibility of using dry concentration for oxidized pegmatite and granites at the Kedrovoe feldspar deposit

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Buzunova ◽  
◽  
Varvara N. Shigaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Flotation Reagents ◽  
Feldspar Concentrate ◽  
Silica Alumina ◽  
Concentration Methods ◽  
Tailings Ponds

Introduction. Feldspar raw material is a natural source of silica, alumina, and alkali metal oxides. Each type of feldspar is distinguished by its applications and concentration methods. The main effective method of feldspar raw material concentration is flotation in the course of which the majority of harmful impurities are separated. However, this method is rather costly due to flotation reagents purchase, tailings ponds organization and maintenance, etc. Research relevance. Feldspar dry concertation technologies are promising in terms of resource-saving but uncommon. So, the development of a dry concertation technology for feldspar raw materials seems highly relevant. Research objective is to study the possibility of employing dry concentration technology to process feldspar raw materials at the new Kedrovoe deposit Methods of research. Laboratory equipment of JSC Uralmekhanobr was used for the research, namely centrifugal crusher DC-0.5; centrifugal deflection mill; laboratory-scale cascade classifier; dry electromagnetic separator SMS-20M ITOMAK, and tribo electrostatic separator. Results. The trials confirmed that it is possible to process Kedrovoe feldspar raw materials by dry methods and effectively use centrifugal crushing and grinding as preparation of raw materials for concentration. Feldspar concentrate with a mass fraction of Fe2O3 – 0.30%; SiO2 – 69.42%; Al2O3 – 17.36%; K2O + Na2O – 11.84% has been obtained, which meets the specifications. Conclusions. The technological studies confirmed the possibility in principle of using feldspar raw material dry concentration for oxidized pegmatite and granites of the Kedrovoe deposit at the processing plant of Malyshevskoe Ore Management JSC. Saleable feldspar concentrate has been obtained.

scholarly journals European Union Legislation Overview about Used Vegetable Oils Recycling: The Spanish and Italian Case Studies

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 798
Author(s):  
Jesus Ibanez ◽  
Sonia Martel Martín ◽  
Salvatore Baldino ◽  
Cristina Prandi ◽  
Alberto Mannu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
New Production ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Eu

The employment of used vegetable oils (UVOs) as raw materials in key sectors as energy production or bio-lubricant synthesis represents one of the most relevant priorities in the European Union (EU) normative context. In many countries, the development of new production processes based on the circular economy model, as well as the definition of future energy and production targets, involve the utilization of wastes as raw material. In this context, the main currently applied EU regulations are presented and discussed. As in the EU, the general legislative process consists of the definition in each State Member of specific legislation, which transposes the EU indications. Two relevant countries are herein considered: Italy and Spain. Through the analysis of the conditions required in both countries for UVOs’ collection, disposal, storage, and recycling, a wide panorama of the current situation is provided.

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