Simulation and experimental research on top blown burner lance used for chrome ore smelting reduction process

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 511
Author(s):  
Shaoyan Hu ◽  
Rong Zhu ◽  
Kai Dong ◽  
Runzao Liu ◽  
Nan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Flame Length ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Smelting Reduction ◽  
Propane Combustion ◽  
Combustion Flame ◽  
Submerged Arc Furnace ◽  
Stainless Steel Production

Chrome ore smelting reduction process in converter for crude stainless steel production has won increasing attention because of utilizing cheap chrome ore as raw material instead of ferrochromium alloy, which can reduce the production cost significantly. Thermodynamic and kinetic mechanisms of chrome ore smelting reduction have been well investigated by previous studies. How to improve the dissolution rate and reduction rate of chrome ore in actual production is the key problem of industrial application. In this paper, a method of using combustion flame to convey chrome ore powder was studied. Numerical simulation works were carried out to study the structure of top blown burner lance blowing propane combustion flame and chrome ore powder simultaneously. Optimal design of burner lance was confirmed and made for experiment. Flame measurement experiment was carried out to study the flame characteristics before and after powder addition, indicating that the addition of powder helps to prolong the flame length. Then a pilot experiment of chrome ore smelting reduction was carried out in a 0.5 ton submerged arc furnace, metallurgical effects under conditions with and without combustion flame were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the combustion flame can not only preheat the chrome ore powder, but also heat the molten slag of impact zone, obtaining better reaction rate and higher chrome ore yield.

A New Method to Produce Ni–Cr Ferroalloy Used for Stainless Steel Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 635-641
Author(s):  
Pei-Xian Chen ◽  
Shao-Jun Chu ◽  
Guo-Hua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
New Process ◽  
High Utilization ◽  
Chromium Concentrate ◽  
Submerged Arc Furnace ◽  
Stainless Steel Production ◽  
Submerged Arc

AbstractA new electrosilicothermic method has been proposed in the present paper to produce Ni–Cr ferroalloy, which can be used for the production of 300 series stainless steel. Based on this new process, the Ni–Si ferroalloy is first produced as the intermediate alloy, and then the desiliconization process of Ni–Si ferroalloy melt with chromium concentrate is carried out to generate Ni–Cr ferroalloy. The silicon content in the Ni–Si ferroalloy produced in the submerged arc furnace should be more than 15 mass% (for the propose of reducing dephosphorization), in order to make sure the phosphorus content in the subsequently produced Ni–Cr ferroalloy is less than 0.03 mass%. A high utilization ratio of Si and a high recovery ratio of Cr can be obtained after the desiliconization reaction between Ni–Si ferroalloy and chromium concentrate in the electric arc furnace (EAF)–shaking ladle (SL) process.

The Comprehensive Utilization of EAF Dust and Pickling Sludge of Stainless Steel Works

2009 ◽  
Vol 620-622 ◽  
pp. 603-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Ming Li ◽  
Jun Xue Zhao ◽  
Ya Ru Cui ◽  
Jun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Pickling Sludge ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
Lime Powder ◽  
Stainless Steel Production

The EAF Dusts and pickling sludges generated in the stainless steel production contain a lot of valuable metals such as iron, nickel, chromium and manganese. Their compositions are similar to those of laterite nickel ore, and sometimes even better than that at the contents of nickel and chromium. But it is regret that these valuable resources were random piled up or landed fill disposal. In this paper, the typical EAF dusts and pickling sludges and reductant coke powder were mixed in appropriate ratio, and then smelted in a medium frequency induction furnace. In the smelting process, the lime powder and fluorite was added to fluxing, and the ferrosilicon powder was added to strengthen the reduction. The product nickel-chromium-iron can be used as the raw material for stainless steel or cast iron production. The technology has good social and economic benefits.

scholarly journals Direct chromium alloying by chromite ore with the presence of metallic iron

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Hu ◽  
H. Wang ◽  
L. Teng ◽  
S. Seetharaman
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Iron ◽  
Induction Furnace ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Chromite Ore ◽  
Stainless Steel Production ◽  
Up Scaling

Direct chromium alloying by chromite ore in EAF operation is a promising process in stainless steel production, which has the advantage of resource-saving, energy-saving, and environment-friendly. In the present investigation, iron, carbon, and chromite ore mixture (Fe+C+FeCr2O4) were chosen as the precursor for direct chromium alloying. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of iron content on the reduction kinetics, and the results show that the presence of metallic iron in the precursor will increase the reduction rate of chromite. Up-scaling experiments (100 g and 500 g scale) have been carried out in the induction furnace to further test the effectiveness of using industrial chromite ore for direct chromium alloying. The induction furnace tests confirmed the necessity of adjusting composition of the slags to ensure high yield of chromium in the final products; and chromium yield can reach 90%.

scholarly journals Influence of MgO on Low Temperature Reduction and Mineralogical Changes of Sinter in Simulated COREX Shaft Furnace Reducing Conditions

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deqing Zhu ◽  
Jianlei Chou ◽  
Benjing Shi ◽  
Jian Pan
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Shaft Furnace ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Smelting Reduction ◽  
Temperature Reduction ◽  
Corex Shaft Furnace ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Low Temperature Reduction

COREX (Coal-Reduction-Extreme) smelting reduction process provides a sustainable developing way for ironmaking industry, but the sources of iron ore materials restrict its development in China. Meanwhile, the application of sinter, which is marked by low manufacture cost and overcapacity in China, to COREX furnace faced proportion limitation due to its worse low temperature reduction degradation performance. This work explored the influence of MgO content on the low-temperature (550 °C) reduction of sinter in reducing conditions simulating COREX shaft furnace. The mineralogical change of sinter containing different content of MgO before and after reduction was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy for revealing the action mechanism of MgO on the low-temperature-reduction of sinter. The results show that increasing MgO (1.36–3.10%) improved the low temperature reduction degradation performance of sinter, and decreased its reduction degree and reduction rate at low temperature. More MgO the sinter contained, less Fe2O3 and SFCA was observed in sinter. Meantime, less Fe2O3 was reduced and the generation of innerstress was restrained during reduction process. The improved RDI (reduction degradation index) in COREX process of sinter by increasing MgO content is a comprehensive result of lowering strength and inhibiting probable reduction of sinter.

scholarly journals Reduction of Haematite Using Hydrogen Thermal Plasma

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masab Naseri Seftejani ◽  
Johannes Schenk ◽  
Michael Andreas Zarl
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Hydrogen Plasma ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Smelting Reduction ◽  
Reduction Behavior ◽  
Degree Of Reduction ◽  
Hydrogen Utilization

The development of hydrogen plasma smelting reduction as a CO2 emission-free steel-making process is a promising approach. This study presents a concept of the reduction of hematite using hydrogen thermal plasma. A laboratory scale and pilot scale hydrogen plasma smelting reduction (HPSR) process are introduced. To assess the reduction behavior of hematite, a series of experiments has been conducted and the main parameters of the reduction behavior, namely the degree of hydrogen utilization, degree of reduction and the reduction rate are discussed. The thermodynamic aspect of the hematite reduction is considered and the pertinent calculations have been carried out using FactSageTM 7.2. The degree of hydrogen utilization and the degree of reduction were calculated using the off-gas chemical composition. The contribution of carbon, introduced from the graphite electrode, ignition pin and steel crucible, to the reduction reactions was studied. The degree of reduction of hematite, regarding H2O, CO and CO2 as the gaseous reduction products, is determined. It is shown that the degree of hydrogen utilization and the reduction rate were high at the beginning of the experiments, then decreased during the reduction process owing to the diminishing of iron oxide. Conducting experiments with the high basicity of slag B2=2 led to a decrease of the phosphorus concentration in the produced iron.

scholarly journals Reduction of Haematite Using Hydrogen Thermal Plasma

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masab Naseri Seftejani ◽  
Johannes Schenk ◽  
Michael Andreas Zarl
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Hydrogen Plasma ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Smelting Reduction ◽  
Degree Of Reduction ◽  
Reduction Behaviour ◽  
Hydrogen Utilization

The development of hydrogen plasma smelting reduction as a CO2 emission-free steel-making process is a promising approach. This study presents a concept of the reduction of haematite using hydrogen thermal plasma. A laboratory scale and pilot scale hydrogen plasma smelting reduction (HPSR) process are introduced. To assess the reduction behaviour of haematite, a series of experiments have been conducted and the main parameters of the reduction behaviour, namely the degree of hydrogen utilization, degree of reduction and the reduction rate are discussed. The thermodynamic aspect of the hematite reduction is considered, and the pertinent calculations were carried out using FactSageTM 7.2. The degree of hydrogen utilization and the degree of reduction were calculated using the off-gas chemical composition. The contribution of carbon, introduced from the graphite electrode, ignition pin and steel crucible, to the reduction reactions was studied. The degree of reduction of haematite, regarding H2O, CO and CO2 as the gaseous reduction products, was determined. It is shown that the degree of hydrogen utilization and the reduction rate were high at the beginning of the experiments, then decreased during the reduction process owing to the diminishing of iron oxide. Conducting experiments with the high basicity of slag B2 = 2 led to a decrease of the phosphorus concentration in the produced iron.

scholarly journals Effect of Incremental Utilization of Unground Sea Sand Ore on the Consolidation and Reduction Behavior of Vanadia–Titania Magnetite Pellets

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Zhenxing Xing ◽  
Gongjin Cheng ◽  
Zixian Gao ◽  
He Yang ◽  
Xiangxin Xue
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Sea Sand ◽  
Oxidized Pellets ◽  
Magnetite Pellets

In the iron and steel industry, improving the usage amount of New Zealand sea sand ore as a raw material for ironmaking can reduce the production costs of iron and steel enterprises to a certain extent. In this paper, New Zealand sea sand ore without any grinding pretreatment was used as a raw material, oxidized pellets were prepared by using a disc pelletizer, and the effect of sea sand ore on the performance of green pellets and the metallurgical properties of oxidized pellets was investigated. The effects of sea sand ore on the compressive strength, falling strength, compressive strength of oxidized pellets, and reduction performance were mainly investigated. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis methods were used to discuss the influence of sea sand ore on the microstructure of the pellets’ oxidation and reduction process. As the amount of sea sand ore used increased, the compressive strength of green pellets was gradually decreased, and the falling strength of green pellets and the compressive strength of oxidized pellets were gradually increased. When the amount of sea sand ore used was 40%, the reduction swelling index of pellets was 16.31%. The increase of sea sand ore used made the reduction of pellets suppressed and the reduction rate decreased. When the amount of sea sand ore used increased to 40%, the reduction degree of sea sand ore pellets was only 60.06%. The experimental results in this paper provide specific experimental data for the large-scale application of New Zealand sea sand ore in the blast furnace ironmaking process.

Study and Design of Chromium Ore Smelting Reduction Process for Producing Stainless Steel in a Converter

2011 ◽  
Vol 230-232 ◽  
pp. 164-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Mao Fa Jiang ◽  
De Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Smelting Reduction ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Chromium Ore ◽  
Rational Production ◽  
Iron And Steel Works ◽  
Selection Of

This paper describes the concept of the construction of steelmaking shop, which is carried out as part of a modernization plan aimed at creating a 21st century environmental-friendly iron and steel works, designs the smelting reduction process of producing stainless steel crude melts in a 150 t converter and presents an outline of the equipment specifications and the conditions of operation, according to the blowing conditions of 185 t smelting reduction converter of No.4 steelmaking shop in Chiba Works of JFE Steel. In the future, a rational production system will be constructed by flexible selection of raw materials in response to changing stainless steel raw material prices and further improvement in productivity and quality, making the maximum use of functions of the equipment.

scholarly journals Raw Material Feeding and Its Influence on Operation Performance of Smelting Reduction Process with a Large Amount of Slag.

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Katayama ◽  
Takamasa Ohno ◽  
Masao Yamauchi ◽  
Takafumi Kawamura ◽  
Hiroshi Hirata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Smelting Reduction ◽  
Operation Performance

scholarly journals Reduction Mechanism of Fine Hematite Ore Particles in Suspension

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Chen ◽  
Christiaan Zeilstra ◽  
Jan van der Stel ◽  
Jilt Sietsma ◽  
Yongxiang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Drop Tube ◽  
Surface Nucleation ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractIn order to understand the pre-reduction behaviour of fine hematite particles in the HIsarna process, change of morphology, phase and crystallography during the reduction were investigated in the high temperature drop tube furnace. Polycrystalline magnetite shell formed within 200 ms during the reduction. The grain size of the magnetite is in the order of magnitude of 10 µm. Lath magnetite was observed in the partly reduced samples. The grain boundary of magnetite was reduced to molten FeO firstly, and then the particle turned to be a droplet. The Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov model is proposed to describe the kinetics of the reduction process. Both bulk and surface nucleation occurred during the reduction, which leads to the effect of size on the reduction rate in the nucleation and growth process. As a result, the reduction rate constant of hematite particles increases with the increasing particle size until 85 µm. It then decreases with a reciprocal relationship of the particle size above 85 µm.

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