scholarly journals Metaphoric modelling of “ARREST” in Thomas P. Whitney’s translation of Aleksandr I. Solzhenitsyn’s novel “The Gulag Archipelago”

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 00098
Author(s):  
Victoria Salo ◽  
Ibragim Kurbanov
Keyword(s):  
Mental Activity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cognitive Analysis ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Relevant Study ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Individual Attitude ◽  
Metaphor Interpretation ◽  
Gulag Archipelago

The article offers a cognitive analysis of a metaphor in the framework of narrative discourse.It closely looks into the term ‘metaphoric model’ and discloses the latter listing a number of examples. The research of metaphors is a relevant study in linguistics which allows one to analyse mental processes due to the fact that a thought viewed as a mental activity easily operates with metaphors alleviating the process of encoding and decoding messages. Moreover, when any society disapproves of expressing a personal point of view due to current social and political events, metaphor interpretation becomes one of the few ways which helps disclose an individual attitude towards the events

Pleasure as a Sign of Efficacy of Mental Activity

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Cabanac ◽  
Chantal Pouliot ◽  
James Everett
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Macintosh Computer ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Cognitive Efficiency ◽  
Sensory Pleasure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mental Tasks

Previous work has shown that sensory pleasure is both the motor and the sign of optimal behaviors aimed at physiological ends. From an evolutionary psychology point of view it may be postulated that mental pleasure evolved from sensory pleasure. Accordingly, the present work tested empirically the hypothesis that pleasure signals efficacious mental activity. In Experiment 1, ten subjects played video-golf on a Macintosh computer. After each hole they were invited to rate their pleasure or displeasure on a magnitude estimation scale. Their ratings of pleasure correlated negatively with the difference par minus performance, i.e., the better the performance the greater the pleasure reported. In Experiments 2 and 3, the pleasure of reading poems was correlated with comprehension, both rated by two groups of subjects, science students and arts students. In the majority of science students pleasure was significantly correlated with comprehension. Only one arts student showed this relationship; this result suggests that the proposed relationship between pleasure and cognitive efficiency is not tautological. Globally, the results support the hypothesis that pleasure is aroused by the same mechanisms, and follows the same laws, in physiological and cognitive mental tasks and also leads to the optimization of performance.

scholarly journals Psychology—Normal and Morbid

1901 ◽  
Vol 47 (198) ◽  
pp. 553-553
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General Survey ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Royal Institution ◽  
Large Audience ◽  
Considerable Detail

We are well pleased to be able to state that Dr. Mercier's forthcoming work is now in the hands of the printers. It has been an open secret that his work for some years past has been nearing completion, and that it has at length assumed definite shape. The germ of Dr. Mercier's thesis has been already made known to us in his earlier writings, and now he is to produce the results of his matured thought and experience. The book is primarily intended as an introduction to the study of insanity, and under the title of Psychology, Normal and Morbid, it will constitute a general survey of mental processes with special reference to their bearing upon Conduct. The processes of reasoning, usually omitted from psychological works, are dealt with in considerable detail, this part of the book being practically a New Logic. Belief, with its morbid variant, Delusion; Truth; the theory of Probability which is extended from the domain of psychology; Will and Desire, in their normal and morbid manifestations; the significance of Pleasure and Pain; and the obscure region of Self-Consciousness are all dealt with from a new point of view, which permits of new conclusions being reached. Dr. Mercier's reputation as a psychologist drew a very large audience to the Royal Institution in May, when he delivered a lecture on Memory. No doubt that is promise of a still larger circle of readers intent to learn and to debate what is soon to be set forth in the systematic style above indicated.

Long-term mental activation activities in the practice of social and psychological ssistance gerontological patient

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Victoria Chupina ◽  
Natalia Tikhonova ◽  
Natalia Popenko
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Psychological Care ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Environmental Practices ◽  
Mental Activation ◽  
Psychological Assistance

The problem of psychological assistance to the elderly continues to be relevant due to the peculiarities of the personal sphere and mental processes in patients of this age group. When providing medical and social assistance to an elderly patient, psychological support is required, which allows for more effective rehabilitation measures. The purpose of this work is to present modern approaches to psychological care that contribute to the long-term activation of mental activity of elderly patients. The results of the empirical study revealed violations of the dynamic and regulatory nature of all components of mental activity, emotional and volitional disorders in most patients. Therefore, normalization of indicators of mental processes in participants is a necessary condition for positive dynamics of changes in mental processes. Psychological assistance activities in a gerontology center allow you to use a variety of methods and tools that can help activate the mental activity of older people. As a rule, this effect is carried out only in the conditions of the gerontology center and is not long-term. Consequently, the activation of mental activity of elderly patients, achieved by specialists of the institution, may begin to decrease when the patient is discharged. In this regard, the institution introduces innovative forms of psychological and pedagogical influence, which allow the patient to be involved in prolonged projects, in which he can participate after discharge from the institution. The novelty of the work consists in the introduction of a long-term psychological and pedagogical project "Ecoletie", the purpose of which is to implement measures aimed at activating the mental activity of patients by increasing the level of their environmental culture and introducing environmental practices in the further daily activities of the elderly.

scholarly journals The Psychomotor Disorders: Disorders of the Supervisory Mental Processes

1993 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Liddle
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Psychomotor Disorders ◽  
Subcortical Nuclei ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Differential Involvement ◽  
Reality Distortion

Clinical evidence suggests that three major patterns of disturbance of the supervisory mental processes that regulate self-generated mental activity can occur, either alone or together, in a variety of neurological and psychiatric conditions. Psychomotor poverty involves a diminished ability to initiate activity. Psychomotor disorganization reflects impaired ability to select between activities. Reality distortion, which is manifest as delusions and hallucinations, appears to reflect an abnormality of internal monitoring of mental activity. Each of these three syndromes is associated with a specific pattern of disordered function in multimodal association cortex and related subcortical nuclei. The evidence suggests that the neurotransmitter dopamine plays a major role in modulating the supervisory mental processes, though serotonin and noradrenaline are also implicated. While a particular neurotransmitter might have conflicting influences on different syndromes, the differential involvement of different anatomic sites and different neuroreceptor types offers the possibility of successful treatment even when different syndromes co-exist.

The People in History: Recent Trends in Japanese Historiography

1978 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Gluck
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Indigenous Methodology ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Modern Experience

AbstractIn the 1960s a group of Japanese historians responded to the contemporary bureaucratic superstate by embarking on a search for a popular past. They began to reexamine Japan's modern experience from the point of view of the people, not the elite, and with special emphasis not on political events but on social forces and attitudes. They rejected Marxism and modernization theory as alien and limiting and sought instead an indigenous methodology that might better fit the Japanese case because it was derived from it. By choosing topics that suggested the importance of popular energies in the development of modern Japan, they endeavored to enlarge the canvas of social history by bringing the people into it as significant subjects of historical change. Their scholarly efforts have drawn the attention of Japanese within and without academic circles and, as this introductory critical essay suggests, may usefully draw that of Western readers as well.

Children's beliefs about authorship

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 550-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Chiara Levorato ◽  
Barbara Arfé
Keyword(s):  
Mental Activity ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Story Reading ◽  
Children's Beliefs ◽  
Reading Activity

Two studies investigated children's beliefs about texts and their origins in an author's mind. In Study 1, 80 children between 4 and 7 years of age were interviewed during a dialogic story-reading activity to investigate their level of awareness about the author's existence and his or her mental processes. Study 2, involving only 5-and 6-year-olds, tested the hypothesis that guided reflection on fictional realities in a story might facilitate children's understanding that an author exists and that a story is the result of his or her mental activity. Results show that mature conceptions of the mental origins of the text appear around the age of 7 but that structured reflection about the fictional nature of the story may trigger this awareness starting around the age of 5 or 6.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Joči’s Debated Paternity and His Role in the Altan Uruġ Royal Lineage of Činggis Khan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 684-714
Author(s):  
Оtkirbay Agatay ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Political Position ◽  
Political Events ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mongol Empire ◽  
Secret History

Research objectives: This article discusses Joči’s military-political role and status in the Mongol Empire (Yeke Mongol Ulus), beginning in the early thirteenth century and within the intra-dynastic relations of Činggis Khan’s chief sons. In particular, the article seeks to answer questions about Joči’s birth. Discrepancies between the Secret History of the Mongols and other written sources cast doubt on whether Joči was even a legitimate son of Činggis Khan, let alone his eldest one. In addition, this article includes an analysis of Joči’s place within the family and the traditional legal system of the medieval Mongols based on the principles of majorat succession outlined in the Mongol Empire. It establishes evidence of his legitimacy within the Činggisid dynasty’s imperial lineage (altan uruġ) – a point of view supported by his military-political career, his pivotal role in the western campaigns, his leadership at the siege of Khwārazm, and the process of division of the ulus of Činggis Khan. Research materials: This article makes use of Russian, English, and Turkic (Kazakh, Tatar, etc.) translations of key primary sources including the Secret History of the Mongols and works of authors from the thirteenth to seventeenth centuries, including Al-Nasawī, Shіhāb al-Dīn al-Nuwayrī, ‘Alā’ al-Dīn ’Aṭā-Malik Juvāynī, Minhāj al-Dīn Jūzjānī, Zhao Hong, Peng Daya, John of Plano Carpini, William of Rubruck, Jamāl al-Qarshī, Rashīd al-Dīn, Ibn Faḍl Allāh al-ʿUmarī, Uluġbeg, Ötämiš Hājī, Lubsan Danzan, Abu’l-Ghāzī, and Saγang Sečen. New secondary works regarding Joči published by modern Kazakh, Russian, Tatar, American, French, Chinese, Korean and other scholars were also consulted. Results and novelty of the research: Taking into consideration certain economic and legal traits of the medieval Mongols, their traditional practices, military-political events, and longterm developments in the Mongol Empire’s history, descriptions of Joči being no more than a “Merkit bastard” are clearly not consistent. The persisting claims can be traced to doubts about Joči’s birth included in the Secret History of the Mongols, the first extensive written record of the medieval Mongols which had a great impact on the work of later historians, including modern scholars. Some researchers suspect this allegation may have been an indirect result of Möngke Khan inserting it into the Secret History. This article argues that the main motivation was Batu’s high military-political position and prestige in the Yeke Mongol Ulus. After Ögödei Khan’s death, sons and grandsons of Ögödei and Ča’adai made various attempts to erode Batu’s significant position in the altan uruġ by raising questions regarding his genealogical origin. This explains why doubts about Joči’s status in the imperial lineage appeared so widely following his death in an intra-dynastic propaganda struggle waged between the houses of Joči and Тolui and the opposing houses of Ča’adai and Ögödei’s sons. This conflict over the narrative was engendered by the struggle for supreme power in the Mongol Empire and the distribution of conquered lands and property.

scholarly journals ХАКАССКИЕ ПЕРИФЕРИЙНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ СО ЗНАЧЕНИЕМ ЗРИТЕЛЬНОГО ВОСПРИЯТИЯ И ИХ ЛЕКСИЧЕСКИЕ СООТВЕТСТВИЯ В ДРУГИХ ТЮРКСКИХ ЯЗЫКАХ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariya Chertykova
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Cognitive Analysis ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
The Common ◽  
Semantic Shift

Статья посвящена выявлению и описанию дифференциальных особенностей семантики периферийных глаголов со значением зрительного восприятия. В данную подгруппу мы классифицируем семь хакасских глаголов, выражающих различные стороны зрительного акта, из них четыре глагола имеют лексические соответствия в других тюркских языках. В ходе семантико-когнитивного анализа материала выявляются общие и отличительные особенности этих глаголов. Таким образом, выявлено, что лексические соответствия хакасских глаголов хара- «пристально смотреть; обозревать», пахла- «подсматривать, заглядывать» в других тюркских языках (например, в турецком, азербайджанском, татарском, башкирском, казахском) имеют обширную семантическую структуру и в результате развития многозначности они могут демонстрировать ослабление исходного перцептивного признака в последующих вторичных значениях. Глагол хара- / кара-, помимо перцептивного обозначения, указывает и на другие сферы человеческой деятельности, например, в азербайджанском, каракалпакском языках данный глагол обладает лексико-семантическим вариантом (ЛСВ) «подчиняться». В татарском, башкирском и др. языках данный глагол в силу частотности употребления, принимает на себя модальное значение «попробовать». Проанализированы также семантические составляющие глаголов, характерных (по нашим наблюдениям) для хакасского языка. В сибирских тюркских же языках эти глаголы в своих ЛСВ обычно сохраняют перцептивную сему, только тув.: каракта- и тоф.: қарақта- показывают семантический сдвиг в плане когнитивного соотношения зрительного и ментального процессов. По нашим наблюдениям, характерными для хакасского языка оказались глаголы: хылчаңна-, хайбағын-, маркированные семой «[смотреть], поворачивая голову» и глагол аңды-, актуализирующий признак целенаправленности и концентрации зрительного акта.The article is devoted to the identification and description of the differential features of the semantics of peripheral verbs with the meaning of visual perception. In this subgroup, we classify seven Khakass verbs expressing various aspects of the visual act, of which four verbs have lexical correspondences in other Turkic languages. In the course of semantic-cognitive analysis of the material, the common and distinctive features of these verbs are revealed. Thus, it has been revealed that the lexical correspondences of the Khakass verbs хара- «watch closely; observe», пахла- «peep, peep» in other Turkic languages (for example, Turkish, Azeri, Tatar, Bashkir, Kazakh) have an extensive semantic structure and as a result of the development of ambiguity, they can demonstrate a weakening of the original perceptive trait in subsequent secondary values. The verb хара- / кара-, in addition to perceptual designation, indicates other spheres of human activity, for example, in the Azerbaijani, Karakalpak languages, this verb has the LSW «to obey». In the Tatar, Bashkir and other languages, this verb, due to its frequency of use, assumes the modal meaning «try». The semantic components of the verbs characteristic (according to our observations) for the Khakass language are also analyzed. In the Siberian Turkic languages, these verbs in their lexico-semantic variants (LSV) usually retain perceptual semo, only tuv.: каракта- and tof.: қарақта- show the semantic shift in terms of the cognitive relation of the visual and mental processes. According to our observations, the characteristic verses for Khakass were: хылчаңна-, хайбағын-, marked with sema «[watch], turning the head» and verb аңды-, the actualizing sign of focus and concentration of the visual act.

scholarly journals The SEEKING Drive and Its Fixation: A Neuro-Psycho-Evolutionary Approach to the Pathology of Addiction

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Alcaro ◽  
Anthony Brennan ◽  
David Conversi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Activity ◽  
Addictive Behavior ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Motivated Behavior ◽  
Functional Autonomy ◽  
Endogenous Activity ◽  
Emotional Disposition ◽  
Evolutionary Point

Neuro-ethological studies conducted by Panksepp and his colleagues have provided an understanding of how the activity of the mesolimbic dopaminergic (ML DA) system leads to the emotional disposition to SEEK/Explore, which is involved in all appetitive motivated behavior and mental activity. In pathological addiction phenomena, this emotional disposition “fixes” itself on certain obsessive-compulsive habits, losing its versatility and its natural predisposition to spontaneous and unconditioned activation. Overall, the result is a consistent disinterest in everything that is not the object of addiction. From a neuro-psycho-evolutionary point of view, the predisposition to develop addictive behavior can be attributed to a loss of “functional autonomy” of the SEEKING/Explorative disposition. Indeed, as shown by animal and human studies, the tendency to be conditioned by situations and contexts that provide an immediate reward can be closely related to a deficit in the tonic endogenous activity of the ML DA-SEEKING system.

An Holistic Developmental View of Neural and Psychological Processes: a Neurobiologic-Psychoanalytic Integration

1979 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Meyersburg ◽  
R. M. Post
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Critical Stresses ◽  
The Brain

SummaryThe authors attempt to integrate several psychoanalytical and more recent neurobiological concepts regarding the development of the organism and emergence of psychopathology. They highlight the rough temporal correspondence of neurodevelopmental myelination cycles with stages of psychosocial development. They discuss concepts of critical periods and unique times of vulnerability to psychosocial insult and recurrence of critical stresses, gleaned from a multidisciplinary point of view, in relation to the occurrence of psychic aberrations. They suggest that it may be fruitful to explore further psychological constructs such as fixation and regression, as well as unconscious mental processes, in relation to their biochemical, physiological, and anatomical representations in the brain.

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