scholarly journals Inclusion of carcinoids in early onset colorectal tumor incidence rates: Adenocarcinoma in young adults still the major problem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Fields ◽  
Lynn F. Butterly ◽  
Joseph C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Colorectal Tumor ◽  
Tumor Incidence

scholarly journals Global patterns and trends in colorectal cancer incidence in young adults

Gut ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2179-2185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L Siegel ◽  
Lindsey A Torre ◽  
Isabelle Soerjomataram ◽  
Richard B Hayes ◽  
Freddie Bray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
High Income ◽  
Term Data

ObjectiveEarly-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing in the USA despite rapid declines in older ages. Similar patterns are reported in Australia and Canada, but a comprehensive global analysis of contemporary data is lacking.DesignWe extracted long-term data from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents and supplemental sources to report on worldwide CRC incidence rates and trends by age (20–49 years and ≥50 years) through diagnosis year 2012 or beyond (Australia, Finland, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, USA).ResultsDuring 2008–2012, age-standardised CRC incidence rates in adults <50 ranged from 3.5 per 100 000 (95% CI 3.2 to 3.9) in India (Chennai) to 12.9 (95% CI 12.6 to 13.3) in Korea. During the most recent decade of available data, incidence in adults <50 was stable in 14 of 36 countries; declined in Austria, Italy and Lithuania; and increased in 19 countries, nine of which had stable or declining trends in older adults (Australia, Canada, Denmark, Germany, New Zealand, Slovenia, Sweden, UK and USA). In Cyprus, Netherlands and Norway, inclines in incidence in young adults were twice as rapid as those in older adults (eg, Norway average annual per cent change (AAPC), 1.9 (95% CI 1.4 to 2.5) vs 0.5 (95% CI 0.3 to 0.7)). Among most high-income countries with long-term data, the uptick in early-onset disease began in the mid-1990s. The steepest increases in young adults were in Korea (AAPC, 4.2 (95% CI 3.4 to 5.0)) and New Zealand (AAPC, 4.0 (95% CI 2.1 to 6.0)).ConclusionCRC incidence increased exclusively in young adults in nine high-income countries spanning three continents, potentially signalling changes in early-life exposures that influence large bowel carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Early-Onset Osteoporosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Outi Mäkitie ◽  
M. Carola Zillikens
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
Type I ◽  
Loss Of Function

AbstractOsteoporosis is a skeletal disorder with enhanced bone fragility, usually affecting the elderly. It is very rare in children and young adults and the definition is not only based on a low BMD (a Z-score < − 2.0 in growing children and a Z-score ≤ − 2.0 or a T-score ≤ − 2.5 in young adults) but also on the occurrence of fragility fractures and/or the existence of underlying chronic diseases or secondary factors such as use of glucocorticoids. In the absence of a known chronic disease, fragility fractures and low BMD should prompt extensive screening for secondary causes, which can be found in up to 90% of cases. When fragility fractures occur in childhood or young adulthood without an evident secondary cause, investigations should explore the possibility of an underlying monogenetic bone disease, where bone fragility is caused by a single variant in a gene that has a major role in the skeleton. Several monogenic forms relate to type I collagen, but other forms also exist. Loss-of-function variants in LRP5 and WNT1 may lead to early-onset osteoporosis. The X-chromosomal osteoporosis caused by PLS3 gene mutations affects especially males. Another recently discovered form relates to disturbed sphingolipid metabolism due to SGMS2 mutations, underscoring the complexity of molecular pathology in monogenic early-onset osteoporosis. Management of young patients consists of treatment of secondary factors, optimizing lifestyle factors including calcium and vitamin D and physical exercise. Treatment with bone-active medication should be discussed on a personalized basis, considering the severity of osteoporosis and underlying disease versus the absence of evidence on anti-fracture efficacy and potential harmful effects in pregnancy.

O1-04-06: Elevated cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-Beta42 levels in young adults at genetic risk for early-onset alzheimer's disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. S102-S103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Reiman ◽  
Carlos Velez-Pardo ◽  
Marelene Jimenez del Rio ◽  
Margarita Giraldo ◽  
Natalia Acosta-Baena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Early Onset Alzheimer’S Disease

Sugar-sweetened beverage intake in adulthood and adolescence and risk of early-onset colorectal cancer among women

Gut ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. gutjnl-2020-323450
Author(s):  
Jinhee Hur ◽  
Ebunoluwa Otegbeye ◽  
Hee-Kyung Joh ◽  
Katharina Nimptsch ◽  
Kimmie Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Early Onset Colorectal Cancer

ObjectiveSugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption had substantially increased across successive US birth cohorts until 2000, and adolescents and young adults under age 50 years have the highest consumption. However, the link between SSBs and early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC) remains unexamined.DesignIn the Nurses’ Health Study II (1991–2015), we prospectively investigated the association of SSB intake in adulthood and adolescence with EO-CRC risk among 95 464 women who had reported adulthood beverage intake using validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) every 4 years. A subset of 41 272 participants reported beverage intake at age 13–18 years using a validated high school-FFQ in 1998. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) with 95% CIs.ResultsWe documented 109 EO-CRC cases. Compared with individuals who consumed <1 serving/week of SSBs in adulthood, women who consumed ≥2 servings/day had a more than doubled risk of EO-CRC (RR 2.18; 95% CI 1.10 to 4.35; ptrend=0.02), with a 16% higher risk (RR 1.16; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.36) per serving/day increase. Each serving/day increment of SSB intake at age 13–18 years was associated with a 32% higher risk of EO-CRC (RR 1.32; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.75). Replacing each serving/day of adulthood SSB intake with that of artificially sweetened beverages, coffee, reduced fat milk or total milk was associated with a 17%–36% lower risk of EO-CRC.ConclusionHigher SSB intake in adulthood and adolescence was associated with a higher risk of EO-CRC among women. Reduction of SSB consumption among adolescents and young adults may serve as a potential strategy to alleviate the growing burden of EO-CRC.

scholarly journals In Utero Exposure to 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate May Contribute to Increasing Incidence Rates of Early-Onset Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A496-A497
Author(s):  
Caitlin C Murphy ◽  
Piera M Cirillo ◽  
Nickilou Y Krigbaum ◽  
Barbara Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
In Utero Exposure ◽  
Adult Offspring ◽  
Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate ◽  
Threatened Abortion ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Early Onset Colorectal Cancer

Abstract Background: 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC) is a synthetic progestogen introduced in the 1950s to treat habitual and threatened abortion in pregnant women. Although 17-OHPC is still available (tradename Makena), little is known about its effects on health of adult offspring, and questions concerning safety and effectiveness remain. For example, progestogens have been implicated in cancer, and trends in the use of 17-OHPC in early pregnancy during the 1950s and 60s parallel increasing incidence rates of certain cancers in young adults, such as early-onset colorectal cancer, born during that time. Methods: We examined the effect of 17-OHPC exposure in utero on risk of cancer in adult offspring in the Child Health and Development Studies, a cohort of women receiving prenatal care between June 1959 and September 1966, with deliveries through June 1967 (n=18,751 live births excluding neonatal deaths among 14,507 mothers). Diagnosed conditions and prescribed medications were abstracted from mothers’ medical records beginning 6 months prior to pregnancy through delivery. We identified mothers who received 17-OHPC (tradenames Delalutin and Proluton) in early pregnancy, defined as day 1 - 140 of gestation. Incident cancers diagnosed in offspring through 2018 were ascertained by linkage with the California Cancer Registry. Results: Among 18,751 live births, 954 cancers were diagnosed at ages 18 - 58 years. The most frequent cancers were breast (20.9%), cervical (10.9%), colorectal (7.1%), and prostate (5.9%) cancer and melanoma (9.2%). Although few mothers (n=181, 1.0%) received 17-OHPC in early pregnancy, in utero exposure was more common in offspring diagnosed with cancer (n=18, 1.9%) compared to those without cancer (n=163, 0.9%). Conditions indicating 17-OHPC included threatened abortion (54.0%), amnionitis (9.4%), and incompetent cervix (3.0%). 17-OHPC increased risk of any cancer in offspring (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.27, 3.40), with particularly striking associations for colorectal (OR 4.78, 95% CI 1.49, 15.41) and prostate (OR 3.83, 95% CI 0.93, 15.83) cancer. There was no association between conditions indicating 17-OHPC and risk of any cancer in offspring (threatened abortion: n=1,891 mothers, OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.87, 1.32), or with use of other progestogens within 6 months prior to pregnancy (medroxyprogesterone acetate: n=50 mothers, OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.05, 2.76). Conclusions: Findings support susceptibility of multiple organ systems to endocrine disruption during early development and risk of cancer decades later - and may partly explain increasing rates of early-onset colorectal cancer. Even before mechanisms of carcinogenesis are elucidated, caution using 17-OHPC and other endocrine-active pharmaceuticals in early pregnancy is warranted, especially in the absence of a clear short-term benefit, and given the possible effect on risk of cancer in adult offspring.

scholarly journals Sickle Cell Trait and Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca V. Zhang ◽  
Kathleen A. Ryan ◽  
Haley Lopez ◽  
Marcella A. Wozniak ◽  
Michael S. Phipps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk

Background and Purpose: Approximately 8% of Blacks have sickle cell trait (SCT), and there are conflicting reports from recent cohort studies on the association of SCT with ischemic stroke (IS). Most prior studies focused on older populations, with few data available in young adults. Methods: A population-based case-control study of early-onset IS was conducted in the Baltimore-Washington region between 1992 and 2007. From this study, 342 Black IS cases, ages 15 to 49, and 333 controls without IS were used to examine the association between SCT and IS. Each participant’s SCT status was established by genotyping and imputation. For analysis, χ 2 tests and logistic regression models were performed with adjustment for potential confounding variables. Results: Participants with SCT (n=55) did not differ from those without SCT (n=620) in prevalence of hypertension, previous myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, and current smoking status. Stroke cases had increased prevalence in these risk factors compared with controls. We did not find an association between SCT and early-onset IS in our overall population (odds ratio=0.9 [95% CI, 0.5–1.7]) or stratified by sex in males (odds ratio=1.26 [95% CI, 0.56–2.80]) and females (odds ratio=0.67 [95% CI, 0.28–1.69]). Conclusions: Our data did not find evidence of increased risk of early-onset stroke with SCT.

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