The Influence Of Physiological Parameters On The Plasma Concentration Of β-Thromboglobulin (β-TG) And Platelet Factor 4 (PF-4) In Normal Healthy Subjects

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Duncan ◽  
P Didisheim
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
The Mean

The variability of normal ranges in different laboratories and the occurrence of occasional elevated values of β-TG and PF-4 in normal subjects are well established. We examined the influence of factors such as age, sex, smoking, exercise, oral contraceptives and day-to-day variation in 148 healthy subjects. The β-TG and PF-4 assays were performed by commercial RIA’s modified by utilizing an EDTA- PGE1 -theophylline mixture as anticoagulant.The statistical method used to compare our groups was a student t-test after log transformation of the data. Our baseline control group (N=63) were non smokers and not taking oral contraceptives (O/C) or any medications. There was no difference between sexes or a significant change with increasing age, although the mean β-TG and PF-4 does increase in cohosts of 20 years. [<30 years (21.65±8.35)(SD), 30-50 years (24.32±10.94) >50 years (27.88±14.3)-β-TG data].Women on O/C were significantly different from those not on O/C for β-TG [35.06±22.45 (O/C) and 23.67±9.38 (N)] but not for PF-4 values [3.79±1.77 (O/C) and 3.91±1.63 (N)].Strenuous exercise was the parameter that influenced both β-TG and PF-4 significantly, showing an elevated value after exercise for both β-TG [81.9±31.4 v 26.73±10.91] and PF-4 [7.08±1.71 v 3.73±1.91].Day-to-day variations in β-TG and PF-4 were examined in 10 subjects for 7-10 days. The coefficient of variation (CV) amongst these subjects was 21-51%. In athletes day-today variation was the same unless a change in pattern of exercise occurred [CV-49-132%].Our results confirm that parameters such as above do influence normal values and should be taken into consideration in establishing a normal range.It also indicates the β-TG is a more sensitive parameter for delineating differences in physiological parameters in normal subjects than PF-4, and this may be applicable to clinical studies.

Lack of effect of chronic hypocalcaemia on serum prolactin response to chlorpromazine

1983 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aydan Usman
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Serum Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Stimulation Tests ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Prolactin Response ◽  
Low Serum ◽  
Made In

Abstract. The effects of chronic hypocalcaemia on serum basal and chlorpromazine-stimulated prolactin (Prl) levels were studied in 16 patients with idiopathic or secondary hypoparathyroidism. These results were compared with the results of other chlorpromazine stimulation tests which were made in the normocalcaemic state after treatment with vitamin D, and in normal subjects. In hypocalcaemic and normocalcaemic states (mean serum Ca 5.8 ± 0.24 mg/dl and 9.5 ± 0.11 mg/dl, respectively) basal Prl levels were within the normal range and during stimulation the maximal stimilated levels in each state were not significantly different from each other. Also, the mean serum Prl levels obtained from a control group were not different from values in the normocalcaemic state. It is concluded that chronic hypocalcaemia does not inhibit Prl secretion and low serum parathyroid hormone levels do not affect basal and chlorpromazine-stimulated Prl secretion.

Normal Range Of Bleeding Scores For The ISTH-BAT: Adult and Pediatric Data From The Merging Project

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 1107-1107
Author(s):  
Malak Elbatarny ◽  
Shamim Mollah ◽  
Julie Grabell ◽  
Margaret L. Rand ◽  
Dewi S. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Funding ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Challenges in reporting subjective hemorrhagic symptoms consistently has led to the need for standardized, quantitative Bleeding Assessment Tools (BATs), some of which assign Bleeding Scores (BSs). The ISTH-BAT (International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis – Bleeding Assessment Tool (Rodeghiero et al JTH 2010; 8:2063)) aimed to consolidate and optimize advances made by its predecessors, which were based on the 2005 “Vicenza Bleeding Questionnaire”. It is important to note, however, that the scoring systems differ among the BATs, with each bleeding symptom scored from 0 to +3 for the original Vicenza, -1 to +4 for the MCMDM-1VWD and Condensed MCMDM-1VWD Bleeding Questionnaires and the PBQ (Pediatric Bleeding Questionnaire), and 0 to +4 for the ISTH-BAT. As a result, the normal ranges of BSs vary among questionnaires. To date, the normal range for the ISTH-BAT has not been established; the objective of this study was to determine the normal range of bleeding scores for the ISTH-BAT for both adults and pediatric patients. Patients and Methods BS data from different studies, originally generated using 4 different Vicenza-based BATs, were compiled using a bioinformatics system created to facilitate the collation and analysis using different scoring systems. Demographic and BS data, along with blood group, VWF:Ag/VWF:RCo/FVIII:C (when available) were collected from all enrolled subjects. Data were derived from multiple studies; all defined normal subjects as those without a known problem with bleeding or bruising. All BATs were expert-administered. The normal range for both adults and pediatrics was determined by: 1) removing outliers > 3 SD away from the mean and then, 2) selecting the mid-95th %ile. Results 1,422 normal subjects were included (adult: n=1,079, pediatric: n=343). Adult data were collected using MCMDM-1VWD (n=294), Condensed MCMDM-1VWD (n=660), and ISTH-BAT (n=125), while pediatric data were collected using PBQ (n=324) and ISTH-BAT (n=19). 48 adults were removed from the analysis because they had BSs > 6.3, (i.e., >3 SD away from the mean), leaving n=1,031 for determination of the normal range. For children, BSs > 3.5 were judged to be outliers and therefore 18 children were removed, leaving n=325 children for determination of the normal range. The remaining adults had a mean age of 43 yrs (range 18 – 88) with 695 females and 336 males. The remaining children had a mean age of 9 yrs (range 0.4 – 17 yrs), with 169 females and 156 males. The relationship between BSs and demographic and lab data are given in Table 1. For the ISTH-BAT, the normal range of BSs was 0 - 4 in adults (meaning that for individuals 18 yrs or older, a BS 5 or greater is positive or abnormal) and 0 - 2 in children (meaning that for individuals < 18 yrs, a BS 3 or greater is positive or abnormal). Conclusion The newly established normal BS ranges can now be used to objectively assess the bleeding symptoms of individuals by administration of the ISTH-BAT. They also highlight the strength of merging existing datasets to generate meaningful results. By making these data accessible to all investigators using the web-based ISTH-BAT system housed at Rockefeller University we hope to aid investigators initiating new studies and facilitate correlating bleeding symptoms with genotypic, molecular, and environmental data. Disclosures: Mauer: CSL Behring: Honoraria. James:CSL Behring: Honoraria, Research Funding; Octapharma: Honoraria, Research Funding; Baxter: Honoraria; Bayer: Honoraria.

Association of Serum Homocysteine Level and Interstitial Lung Disease in Systemic Sclerosis: A Case-control Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
Mohammadali Nazarinia ◽  
Asghar Zare ◽  
Mohammad javad Fallahi ◽  
Mesbah Shams
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Homocysteine Level ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lung Involvement ◽  
Serum Homocysteine ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Study

Background:Systemic sclerosis is a disorder of connective tissue with unknown cause, affecting the skin and internal organs, characterized by fibrotic changes.Objective:To determine the correlation between serum homocysteine level and interstitial lung involvement in systemic sclerosis. </P><P> Materials and Methods: In this case – control study, 59 patients who fulfilled the ACR/EULAR classification criteria for systemic sclerosis and were referred to Hafez Hospital of Shiraz, Iran, were included as the case group. Fifty nine healthy subjects were involved as the control group. Patients were divided into two groups based on interstitial lung involvement and two subtypes, diffuse and limited type. Serum homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate levels compared between the controls, and cases groups.Results:Of 59 case and control group, 53 (%89.8) were female and the mean age did not differ in both groups (P=0.929). Thirty five (%59.3) patients had interstitial lung involvement and 38(%64.4) had diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. The mean serum homocysteine level was 13.9±6.3 µmol/L in the case and 13.7±9.2 µmol/L in the control group (P=0.86). The mean serum homocysteine level did not differ between the patients with and without interstitial lung involvement (P=0.52). The patients with lung involvement was older than those without lung involvement (P=0.004). Lung disease was more common in diffuse type (P=0.014).Conclusion:In our study, serum homocysteine level did not differ between the patients and healthy subjects. Also, there was no correlation between serum homocysteine level and lung involvement, but lung involvement was more common in older patients and also diffuse subtype.

scholarly journals Retinal vascular findings in patients with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 251584142110304
Author(s):  
Emre Aydemir ◽  
Alper Halil Bayat ◽  
Burak Ören ◽  
Halil Ibrahim Atesoglu ◽  
Yasin Şakir Göker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fundus Fluorescein Angiography ◽  
University Of Wisconsin ◽  
Retinal Vascular Caliber ◽  
Retinal Artery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
College Of Engineering

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the retinal vascular caliber of COVID-19 patients with that of healthy subjects. Methods: This was a prospective case–control study. Forty-six patients who had COVID-19 were successfully treated, and 38 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Fundus photography was taken using fundus fluorescein angiography (FA; Visucam 500; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). Retinal vascular caliber was analyzed with IVAN, a semi-automated retinal vascular analyzer (Nicole J. Ferrier, College of Engineering, Fundus Photography Reading Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA). Central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE), central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE), and artery–vein ratio (AVR) were compared between groups. Results: The mean age was 37.8 ± 9.5 years in the COVID-19 group ( n = 46) and 40 ± 8 years in the control group ( n = 38) ( p = 0.45). The mean CRAE was 181.56 ± 6.40 in the COVID-19 group and 171.29 ± 15.06 in the control group ( p = 0.006). The mean CRVE was 226.34 ± 23.83 in the COVID-19 group and 210.94 ± 22.22 in the control group ( p = 0.044). AVR was 0.81 ± 0.09 in the COVID-19 group and 0.82 ± 0.13 in the control group ( p = 0.712). Conclusion: Patients who had COVID-19 have vasodilation in the retinal vascular structure after recovery. As they may be at risk of retinal vascular disease, COVID-19 patients must be followed after recovery.

scholarly journals Urine CA-2 as a biomarker for diagnosis urinary stone and prediction of its complications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-jing Leng ◽  
Hai-bin Zhou ◽  
Jiang-ling Fu ◽  
Wen-juan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract PURPOSECarbonic anhydrase-2 (CA-2) plays a role in mineralization and calcification in organism. Strong evidence suggests that CA-2 is associated with urolithiasis. However, the relationship between CA-2 and urinary stone remains unclear. The study aimed to assess the association of urine CA-2 (uCA-2) level and the potential risk of urinary stone.METHODSFrom March 2017 to November 2019, a prospective cohort study was conducted on patients with urinary stones and healthy subjects to determine the pretreatment uCA-2 level detection by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The difference of uCA-2 level between patients with urinary stones and healthy subjects was compared. Then comparison between stone patients with complications and without complications was carried out as well as correlation analysis to detect factors associated with biomarker expression.RESULTS118 patients with urinary stones were into urinary stones group and 42 healthy subjects were into healthy control group. The mean pretreatment uCA-2 level was significantly higher in patients with urinary stones group than healthy controls group (P=0.028). Furthermore, The uCA-2 level was positive correlation with urinary stones complications (R=0.379, P=0.000), especially pain complications (R=0.524, P=0.000) and hematuria complications (R=0.374, P=0.000). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis that a uCA-2 level threshold of 10.94 ng/mL had 83.67% sensitivity and 68.12% specificity for predicting urinary stones complications. CONCLUSIONSExcessive uCA-2 excretion is a major risk factor for urinary stone. Our findings suggested that uCA-2 may be used as an unappreciated biomarker for the diagnosis urinary stone in patients and to predict its complications.

SKIN-FOLD THICKNESS IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND IN PATIENTS WITH ACROMEGALY AND CUSHING'S SYNDROME

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Wright ◽  
G. F. Joplin
Keyword(s):  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Clinical Method ◽  
Skin Fold Thickness ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
Normal Mean ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age And Sex

ABSTRACT A simple clinical method of determining the skin-fold thickness on the dorsum of the hand has been described using the Harpendon spring-loaded caliper. A normal range for age and sex has been established in 258 normal subjects. The mean skin-fold thickness was greater in men than in women, and in both decreased with age, falling from 2.85 to 1.75 mm in men, and from 2.65 to 1.60 mm in women (aged 15–20 to 70–80). In 48 acromegalic patients, 71 % of the skin-fold measurements were abnormally thick. In 12 patients with Cushing's syndrome, although all measurements were below the normal mean, 42 % only were abnormally thin.

The Influence of Acenocumarole on the Fibrinogen-turnover in Normal Subjects, Venous Thrombosis and Congestive Heart Failure

1972 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 496-508
Author(s):  
A. P. C. van der Maas ◽  
F. A. G Teulings ◽  
W Schopman ◽  
G. J. H. den Ottolander
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Continuous Deposition

SummaryUsing 131Iodine-tagged fibrinogen the influence of acenocumarole on the biological half-life of fibrinogen was investigated in healthy patients, patients with venous thrombosis and patients with congestive heart failure.In 16 healthy patients the mean t½ was 3.8 days. In two of them after administration of acenocumarole the t½ was lengthened. This supports the opinion of a continuous deposition of fibrin on the vascular endothelium in the hemostatic balance.In 13 patients with venous thrombosis the mean t½ was 2.45 days, lengthening to the normal range after acenocumarole therapy. The time interval between the start of acenocumarole therapy and the moment of normalization of the t½ was approximately 4 days. The prothrombin time-index at this moment was 2.3 (thrombotest 5%), which argues in favour of a vigorous anticoagulant therapy.In our 10 patients with congestive heart failure probably venous thrombosis occurred in 40%. Prophylactic anticoagulant therapy as in surgical patients therefore has to be considered.

Redefinition of the Normal Range for Serum Sodium

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
R B Payne ◽  
M J Levell
Keyword(s):  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Water Metabolism ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
A Prospective Study

Abstract The serum sodium concentrations of three groups of patients selected from laboratory records and of one group of outpatients selected for a prospective study were examined. The mean serum sodium concentration of inpatients with normal serum urea concentrations was 8.5 mEq./ L. lower than that of a group of healthy normal subjects. Part of this difference (2.6 mEq./L.) could be attributed to a nonspecific effect of illness. It was not possible to demonstrate any effect due to the hospital environment, but the results do not exclude the possibility of such an effect. It was concluded that all or most of the remaining difference was due to weighting of the inpatient data by low values of pathologic significance; the proportion of these low values was too great to allow a normal range to be extracted from the data by statistical methods. The concept of the normal range is discussed. It is suggested that two ranges are required for serum sodium, a normal range (137-147 mEq./L. in this laboratory) to make assertions about alterations in specific diseases, and a range derived from patients likely to have no manifest disturbances of salt and water metabolism (135-144 mEq./ L.) to detect such disturbances.

The Variability of β Thromboglobulin and Platelet Factor 4 in Healthy Subjects

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zahavi ◽  
N.A.G. Jones ◽  
M. Dubiel ◽  
J. Leyton ◽  
V.V. Kakkar
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Platelet Factor 4 ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Platelet Concentration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Range

Plasma β TC was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA)in 202 healthy subjects (age range 12-103); 111 young (mean age 25.2) 34 middle aged (MA) (mean age 55.6) and 57 old (mean age 82.2). Their mean ±1SE plasma β TG levels in ng/ml were 28.3 ± 1.5 (range 3-74), 31.9-2-70 (range 7-65) and 49.99 ± 2.9 (range 14-95) respectively. Plasma βTG level was significantly raised in the old subjects compared to young or MA (p ⩽ 0.0005). Furthermore the ratio of plasma β TG to platelet concentration in whole blood (PC) was higher in the MA subjects compared to the young (p ⩽ 0.009). Plasma platelet factor 4 (PF4) was measured by RIA in 4l healthy subjects, 11 young and 30 old and correlated to plasma βTG. A significant correlation between the 2 proteins was found in the 2 groups (r = 0.8337 in the young and r = 0.0602 in the old subjects), indicating that both proteins are released in-vivo from the same pool and presumably at the same rate. The mean plasma PF4 level in ng/ml was 14.6 (range 6-48) in the young and 18.2 (range 7.7-50) in the old and the ratio of the plasma PF4 to PC was higher in the old subjects (p ⩽ 0.04), These results suggest that in-vivo platelet activation and “release reaction” are increased in old and MA subjects compared to young, presumably due to atherosclerotic vascular changes. This enhanced platelet activity may reflect a pre-thtombotic state.

CD59 Deficient Granulocytes in High Risk Groups of Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS).

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 4717-4717
Author(s):  
Georgia Kaiafa ◽  
Vasiliki Tsavdaridou ◽  
Athanasios Papadopoulos ◽  
Christos Savopoulos ◽  
Apostolos Hatzitolios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Refractory Anaemia ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Pnh Clone

Abstract Background: Blood cells are deficient in membrane-bound glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) because of an acquired disorder of the pluripotent stem cell. CD55 and CD59 antigens are the most common GPI-anchored proteins that are used for the diagnosis of the presence of PNH clone. The association of MDS with PNH is rather controversial. There are few published individual cases of PNH arrived from a previous MDS or MDS following PNH. Aim: Recent studies have demonstrated the existence of PNH clone in some MDS patients. These studies were performed mostly on erythrocytes and to the best of our knowledge they are only 4. Granulocytes appear to be more sensitive markers of PNH clone existence than erythrocytes and therefore we investigate the expression of PNH clone on granulocytes of patients with MDS. Material-Methods: A total number of 95 patients 25–80 yrs old with MDS {A:19 with refractory anaemia (RA), B:9 with refractory anaemia with ring sideroblasts (RARS), C:17 with refractory anaemia with excess blasts (RAEB), D: 12 with refractory anaemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEB-t) and E: 19 with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMLL)} and 19 healthy donors were included in our study. The presence of GPI-anchored proteins (CD55, CD59)-deficient granulocytes was examined by flow cytometry. For the detection of the PNH clone the commercial kit by Beckman Coulter (cellquant CD55/CD59) was used. Statistical analysis was made by ANOVA, while Robust test was performed because there was no homogeneity of variances by ANOVA. Results: Table 1 shows the percentages of CD55 and CD59 deficient granulocytes in the 5 groups of pts with MDS comparing with the control group. a) Although the mean values of CD55 deficient granulocytes in the groups RAEB, RAEB-t and CMLL were higher enough than those of the normal subjects, there were no statistically significant differences (p>0.10) in the comparison of the mean values of CD55 deficient granulocytes between each group of patients with the control group. b) On the contrary there was a very statistically significant difference in the comparison of the mean value of CD59 deficient granulocytes between the three last groups (C, D and E) of pts with the control group (p< 0.086, p< 0.001 and p<0.001 respectively). The percentages of CD55 and CD59 deficient granulocytes in the 5 groups of patients with MDS and in the control group CD55 CD55 CD59 CD59 Groups N Mean Value Std deviation Mean Value Std deviation A (RA) 19 2.89 2.79 2.91 2.85 B (RARS) 9 1.05 1.14 3.89 3.63 C (RAEB) 17 4.78 4.76 11.75 6.06 D (RAEB-t) 12 4.23 2.85 23.76 8.53 E (CMLL) 19 6.01 4.97 38.26 16.18 Control 19 3.67 2.89 3.67 2.89 Total 95 4.00 3.87 14.44 16.39 Conclusions: There are relatively large CD59 negative subpopulations (mean values 11.75–38.26%) of granulocytes in the last three groups (RAEB, RAEB-t, CMLL) of MDS patients. On the contrary the two low risk forms (RA, RARS) revealed no such populations. Non-expression of CD59 antigen on granulocytes is a more sensitive marker than that of CD55 antigen for the presence of a possible PNH clone in MDS patients.

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