The Reliability of Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time Methods and the Relationship to Lipid Composition and Ultrastructure

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (02) ◽  
pp. 250-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
K J Stevenson ◽  
Ann C Easton ◽  
A Curry ◽  
Jean M Thomson ◽  
L Poller
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Coagulation Abnormalities ◽  
Discrete Uniform ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryWide variations in procoagulant properties, lipid composition and ultrastructure of five commonly used APTT methods have been demonstrated. Performance of the methods with a range of coagulation abnormalities has been ranked. Most of the reagents obtained a high score with one or more defects, but a low score with others. A consistent good ranking throughout was only observed with one reagent.The number of significant correlations between the reagents’ procoagulant activities and lipid content confirms the view that the performance of an APTT method is largely dependent upon its lipid composition. Marked differences in concentration and distribution of phospholipids, fatty acids and neutral lipids were evident. The importance of the concentration of phosphatidyl serine in regulating the procoagulant activity of an APTT method has been demonstrated. Electron microscopy provides evidence of the contrasting composition of the reagents from the more discrete uniform liposomes present in the more reliable reagents, to more ill-defined components present in those reagents which performed less well. The study highlights the need for standardisation of the APTT.

scholarly journals STRUCTURE-FUNCTION RELATIONSHIPS IN THE ADIPOSE CELL

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel W. Cushman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acid ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Cell ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
The Relationship

Pinocytic activity in the adipose cell has been examined by measuring the uptake of colloidal gold. Pinocytic activity occurs in the isolated adipose cell under all experimental conditions; a portion of the vesicular elements of the cell can be identified by electron microscopy as pinocytic in origin. The isolated adipose cell appears to take up serum albumin by pinocytosis. Pinocytic activity in the isolated adipose cell is enhanced by epinephrine, but not by insulin. The relationship between pinocytosis and the metabolic activity of the adipose cell has been studied by measuring simultaneously the uptake of radioactive colloidal gold, the incorporation of 14C-counts from U-glucose-14C into CO2, total lipid, triglyceride glycerol and triglyceride fatty acids, and the release of nonesterified fatty acids in the absence of hormones and in the presence of insulin or epinephrine. Correlations between hormone-produced alterations in lipid metabolism and in pinocytic activity suggest that intracellular nonesterified fatty acid levels are a factor in the regulation of both the cell's pinocytic activity and its metabolism and that pinocytosis in the adipose cell functions in the extracellular-intracellular transport of nonesterified fatty acids.

Lipid composition of developing Xenopus laevis embryos

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 578-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Mes-Hartree ◽  
John B. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
De Novo Synthesis ◽  
Xenopus Laevis Embryos

The total lipid content, amount of phospholipid, proportions of major polar and neutral lipid classes, and the overall fatty acid composition were examined in Xenopus laevis embryos. No obvious differences were observed in any of the parameters between fertilization and hatching, or between eggs produced by different females. The average lipid content per egg was 113 μg, 31.6 μg of which was phospholipid. The major phospholipids were phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. The major fatty acids were palmitic and oleic acids, but polyunsaturated fatty acids were also present in substantial amounts. The results suggest that significant de novo synthesis of lipids does not occur until after hatching.

scholarly journals Lipid composition of raw and cooked Rapana venosa from the Black Sea

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albena Merdzhanova ◽  
Veselina Panayotova ◽  
Diana A. Dobreva ◽  
Rostitsa Stancheva ◽  
Katya Peycheva
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Fatty Acid Distribution ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Rapana Venosa ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

Abstract Rapana venosa is an edible mollusc with nutritional and economic importance. There is limited information about its lipid composition. The aim of the present study is to provide information about lipid composition, fatty acid profiles, fat soluble vitamins and cholesterol content of raw and cooked Rapana venosa. Cooking did not affect the ratio of lipid classes, but fatty acids composition varied significantly. Considerable variations were observed in fatty acid distribution of total lipids and neutral lipids. Fatty acid groups of phospholipids remained unaffected by temperature treatment. The most abundant fatty acids in all lipid classes of raw and cooked specimens were palmitic acid (C16:0) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3). The sum of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was higher than omega-6 PUFA in all lipid fractions. The results of the present study showed that cooking process affected cholesterol, fat soluble vitamins and carotenoids content differently. Larger variations were observed for vitamin A, β-carotene and astaxanthin and to lesser for vitamin E. Cholesterol and vitamin D3 were also affected by the thermal stress. The present study revealed that Rapana venosa meat could be a good source of high quality nutritional lipids, which are well preserved even after culinary treatment

The effect of long term storage on the lipid reserves and fatty acid composition of cysts and hatched juveniles of Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Holz ◽  
D.J. Wright ◽  
R.N. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Neutral Lipid Fraction ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Acidic Phospholipids

AbstractThe lipid composition of three batches of single generation cysts of Globodera rostochiensis, stored dry at 4°C for 1,7 and 13 years, comprised 81%, 74% and 53% neutral lipids, 14%, 18% and 27% non-acidic phospholipids and 5%, 8% and 20% free fatty acids, respectively. Lipids in eggs from two batches of G. pallida cysts, stored for 3 and 7 years, comprised 80% and 67% neutral lipids, 15% and 23% non-acidic phospholipids and 5% and 10% free fatty acids, respectively. All batches contained the same fatty acids which were dominated by C18:l, C20:l and C20:4. The fatty acid profiles of hatched J2 of G. rostochiensis from two batches, stored for 1 and 9 years, differed only in their free fatty acid fractions. Thus, while it is not possible to determine the age of cysts by their fatty acid profile, it may be possible to use the relative amounts of the main lipid classes as an indicator of age. Four batches of hatched J2 of G. pallida were investigated, with sample A hatched during the second week in potato root diffusate, B during week 3, C during week 4 and D during weeks 5 and 6 and stored for 3.5 days (on average) after hatching. Total lipid content was 27.2%, 31.5%, 18.5% and 6.3% of the dry weight for A, B, C and D, respectively. In the neutral lipid fraction of D an increase in C18:l and to a lesser extent C18:2 was observed. In the free fatty acid fraction of sample D, the percentages of C18:l, C18:2 and C18:3 were greater but the percentages of C20:3 and C20:4 were smaller compared with sample C. Fresh early hatched J2 of G. rostochiensis were compared with later hatched and stored (for 13 days on average) individuals for their lipid content and fatty acid composition. The lipid content was 26.1% and 11.4% in fresh and stored J2, respectively. Total lipid consisted of 77% and 70% neutral lipid, 18% and 26% non-acidic phospholipid and 6% and 4% free fatty acid in fresh and stored J2, respectively. In the neutral lipid fraction of stored J2 C18:l, C16:0 and C18:0 increased, whereas C20:4, C20:l and C20:3 decreased. Therefore, both neutral lipid and free fatty acid fractions showed changes in their fatty acid profiles after long delayed hatching and/or storage in both PCN species.

Évolution de la teneur en lipides de Leptosphaeria typhae en fonction de sa croissance et de sa reproduction sexuée : activité de synthèse et étude des lipides neutres et polaires

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2460-2467
Author(s):  
Gérard Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthetase ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Synthetase Activity ◽  
Lipid Turnover ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthetase Activity

When perithecia appear (on the 7th day of growth), the mycelial lipid content falls and the degree of fat insaturation increases; fatty acid synthetase activity greatly increases. Lipid turnover is therefore accelerated. Among neutral lipids, triglycerides constitute the largest pool and their proportion increases when perithecia appear. Free fatty acids also increase, confirming the lipid turnover's acceleration. Polar lipids especially disappear; the phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine ratio increases when the fungus ascosporulates.

Production of lipids and lipase activity during growth of Mucor hiemalis

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 618-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Qayum Mirza ◽  
M. Waheed Akhtar ◽  
M. Nadeem Nawazish ◽  
M. I. D. Chughtai
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Polar Lipid ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Cell Lysis ◽  
Mucor Hiemalis ◽  
Sterol Esters

Production of lipids and lipase activity by a strain of Mucor hiemalis known to have potential for high lipase activity was studied in a medium containing glucose as the carbon source. Most of the glucose was utilized by the end of the growth phase when the mycelium showed maximal lipase activity (17 U/g dry mycelium) as well as maximal lipid content (13 mg/g dr*** mycelium). Maximal broth lipase activity (76 U/100mL) was observed after cell lysis had begun. The fractions identified in the mycelial lipid extracts were sterol esters, triglycerides, fatty acids, diglycerides, sterols, monoglycerides, phosphatidylethanoamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and an unknown polar lipid. The proportion between the neutral and the polar lipids was only 0.06 at 44 h, increasing gradually to 1.51 at 164 h of fermentation. A relationship between the production of lipase and the neutral lipids appears to exist.

scholarly journals Lipid Composition of Sheffersomyces stipitis M12 Strain Grown on Glycerol as a Carbon Source

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-213
Author(s):  
Stela Križanović ◽  
Damir Stanzer ◽  
Gordana Čanadi Jurešić ◽  
Elizabeta Kralj ◽  
Karla Hanousek-Čiča ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Sterol Esters ◽  
Ergosterol Synthesis

Research background. In this study the content and composition of lipids in ergosterol-reduced Sheffersomyces stipitis M12 strain grown on glycerol as a carbon source is determined. Blocking the ergosterol synthesis route in yeast cells is a recently proposed method for increasing S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) production. Experimental approach. The batch cultivation of M12 yeast was carried out under aerobic conditions in a laboratory bioreactor with glycerol as carbon source, and with pulsed addition of methionine. Glycerol and SAM content were monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography, while fatty acid composition of different lipid classes, separated by solid phase extraction, was determined by gas chromatography. Results and conclusion. Despite the reduced amount of ergosterol in yeast cells, thanks to the reorganized lipid metabolism, M12 strain achieved high biomass yield and SAM production. Neutral lipids prevailed (making more than 75 % of total lipids), but their content and composition differed significantly in the two tested types of yeast. Unsaturated and C18 fatty acids prevailed in both the M12 strain and wild type. In all fractions except free fatty acids, the index of unsaturation in M12 strain was lower than in the wild strain. Our tested strain adjusts itself by changing the content of lipids (mainly phospholipids, sterols and sterol esters), and with desaturation adjustments, to maintain proper functioning and fulfil increased energy needs.Novelty and scientific contribution. Reorganization of S. stipitis lipid composition caused by blocking the metabolic pathway of ergosterol synthesis was presented. A simple scheme of actual lipid metabolism during active SAM production in S. stipitis, grown on glycerol was constructed and shown. This fundamental knowledge of lipid metabolic pathways will be a helpful tool in improving S. stipitis as an expression host and a model organism, opening new perspectives for its applied research.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE LIPID COMPOSITION OF SOME PLANTS GROWING IN GEORGIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-25
Author(s):  
B. Kikalishvili ◽  
Ts. Sulakvelidze ◽  
M. Malania ◽  
D. Turabelidze
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Neutral And Polar Lipids

Sums of neutral and polar lipids were extracted from the fruits of Vitis vinifera and pericarpium of Physalis alkekengi L.; their main classes and physical-chemical constants of some neutral lipids were determined. The saturated, unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were identified by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The phospholipids- lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinosite, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine were identified in them. The content of carotenoids is up 2,5 mg% and 65,5mg% in Vitis vinifera and Physalis alkekengi L. respectively. Amino acids were detected in studied species. The oils from both plants are characterized with anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, choleretic and immunotropic activities, they can be used in medicine for curative and preventive purposes.

scholarly journals Lipids associated with bovine kidney glomerular basement membranes

1976 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Kibel ◽  
A Heilhecker ◽  
F Von Bruchhausen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Glomerular Basement Membrane ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Total Lipid Extract

1. After incubation of bovine glomeruli with D-[U-14C]glucose, about 21% of the total radioactivity is found in lipid extracts of glomerular basement membranes. 2. The concentration of lipids in glomerular basement membranes (4.3% of dry wt.) is lower than in the residual glomerular particles (10.8% of dry wt.). The concentrations of neutral lipids (13.9%), phospholipids (46.7%) and cholesterol (37.9%) in the total lipid extract of the glomerular basement membranes, however, differ from those in the residual glomerular particles (15.6, 54.0 and 30.9% respectively). Though residual glomerular particles show a higher lipid content, the radioactivity in this fraction only amounts to 38% of that found in the glomerular basement membranes. 3. The specific radioactivity of total glomerular basement-membrane lipids (12 600 d.p.m./mg) is about 4 times as high as that of the glomerular basement membranes. The specific radioactivities of the individual lipid components, however, differ. The highest values are found for phosphatidylcholine and triacylglycerols. The largest proportion of the radioactivity is found in the glycerol of the glycerides. The radioactivity in the fatty acids is much less and does not differ significantly in the various classes of lipids. 4. G.1.c. of methyl esters of the fatty acids does not reveal a clear difference between the fatty acid compositions of glomerular basement membranes and residual glomerular particles. 5. Treatment of glomerular basement-membrane preparations with ultrasound, the generally used procedure for glomerular basement-membrane preparations, drastically decreases the lipid content of glomerular basement membranes. 6. It is concluded that lipids are associated with the basement membranes. Further, the comparatively high radioactive labelling suggests that glomerular basement-membrane lipids may be an interesting class of substances for further pathological studies.

Lipid content of cured tobacco

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 1123-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Momtaz K. Wassef ◽  
James W. Hendrix
Keyword(s):  
Total Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Burley Tobacco ◽  
A Minor ◽  
High Polarity

Samples from cured burley and flue-cured tobacco were examined for total lipid content and for lipid composition of fractionated lipid classes. Cured burley tobacco contained 6–8% lipids compared with 14–15% in cured flue-cured tobacco. Neutral lipids constituted 70–80% of burley lipids but only half the flue-cured lipids; the latter had 75% more neutral lipids than the former. Flue-cured tobacco contained considerably more (5–10 times) medium- to high-polarity lipids than burley. Stalk position had only a minor effect on the lipid content of both tobacco types.

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