scholarly journals Identifying, Analyzing, and Visualizing Diagnostic Paths for Patients with Nonspecific Abdominal Pain

2018 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 905-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goutham Rao ◽  
Katherine Kirley ◽  
Paul Epner ◽  
Yiye Zhang ◽  
Victoria Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Visual Analytics ◽  
Process Mining ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Diagnostic Practices ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mining Methods ◽  
Insight Into

Background Diagnosis is complex, uncertain, and error-prone. Symptoms such as nonspecific abdominal pain are especially challenging. A diagnostic path consists of diagnostic steps taken from initial presentation until a diagnosis is obtained or the evaluation ends for other reasons. Analysis of diagnostic paths can reveal patterns associated with more timely and accurate diagnosis. Visual analytics can be used to enhance both analysis and comprehension of diagnostic paths. Objective This article applies process-mining methods to extract and visualize diagnostic paths from electronic health records (EHRs). Methods Patient features, actions taken (i.e., tests, referrals, etc.), and diagnoses obtained for 501 adult patients (half female, half ≥50 years of age) presenting with abdominal pain were extracted from an EHR database to construct diagnostic paths from a hospital system in suburban Chicago, Illinois, United States. A stable diagnosis was defined as the same diagnosis recorded twice in a 12-month period; a working diagnosis was recorded only once. Three different types of path visualizations were obtained. Results A stable diagnosis was obtained in 63 (13%) patients after 12 months. In 271 (54%) patients, a working diagnosis was obtained. Mean path duration was 145.3 days (standard deviation, 195.1 days). These 63 patients received 75 stable diagnoses. Conclusion Structured EHR data can be used to construct diagnostic paths to gain insight into diagnostic practices for complaints such as abdominal pain.

Menstruation Among Adolescent Girls Living in Rural Border Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritu Gupta ◽  
Ravinder K Gupta ◽  
Vallabh Dogra ◽  
Himani Badyal
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Border Areas

Objective: To study the various beliefs and problems regarding menstruation among adolescent girls living in rural border areas. Design- Prospective study. Setting- Pediatric outpatient clinic. Materials and methods- About 200 adolescent girls (11-19 years) living in rural border areas were enrolled for the study. These girls were asked about menarche, duration of the cycle, amount of blood loss and the various menstrual problems. They were also asked about the various beliefs and myths regarding menstruation. The girls having any illness affecting the menstrual cycle or those suffering from neuropsychiatric disorders were excluded from this study. Results- About 51% of the study population was in the age group 17-18 years. About 43.5% of girls attained menarche at the age of 10-12 years. About 51% of girls did not know about menstruation before menarche. Abdominal pain was the most common side effect seen in 41% of girls during menstruation. About 61% of girls considered themselves unclean during menstruation.  Twenty percent avoided schools, 20% avoided kitchen, 12% avoided temples while 10% stayed away from friends/ relatives. Only 33% of girls knew that menstruation stops temporarily after becoming pregnant. Twenty-two percent girls were using sanitary napkins while the rest used different types of clothes during the menstrual cycle. Conclusion- There is a dire need to educate girls regarding menstruation before menarche in the rural border areas. Every mother should discuss in a friendly way regarding various aspects of menstruation.

The participation of Palestinian-Israeli politicians in public and commercial television and radio in Israel as capability

2021 ◽  
pp. 174804852199056
Author(s):  
Baruch Shomron ◽  
Amit Schejter
Keyword(s):  
Capabilities Approach ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Commercial Television ◽  
Radio Stations ◽  
Modes Of Representation ◽  
Current Affairs ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Media ◽  
Insight Into

This study examines how media representations of Palestinian-Israeli politicians, can help community members realize their capabilities. The study’s database is comprised of 1,207 interviews conducted with Palestinian-Israeli politicians on news and current affairs programs on the three national television channels and the two national radio stations in Israel, for 24 months (2016-2017). We identified and analyzed the differences in the modes of representation between national and local Palestinian-Israeli politicians and between Palestinian-Israeli parliament members in the Joint List and Palestinian-Israeli parliament members in Zionist parties, all through the capabilities prism. In this study, we demonstrated how different types of Palestinian-Israeli politicians may potentially affect the realization of different political functions and capabilities. Analyzing political representations in the media through the theoretical framework of the ‘capabilities approach’ contributes to a more comprehensive insight into the roles the media can play promoting people’s wellbeing and human rights, relative to traditional media theories.

Double, triple or quadruple hits? Exploring the impact of cybercrime on victims in the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
pp. 026975802110106
Author(s):  
Raoul Notté ◽  
E.R. Leukfeldt ◽  
Marijke Malsch
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Victim Blaming ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

This article explores the impact of online crime victimisation. A literature review and 41 interviews – 19 with victims and 22 with experts – were carried out to gain insight into this. The interviews show that most impacts of online offences correspond to the impacts of traditional offline offences. There are also differences with offline crime victimisation. Several forms of impact seem to be specific to victims of online crime: the substantial scale and visibility of victimhood, victimisation that does not stop in time, the interwovenness of online and offline, and victim blaming. Victims suffer from double, triple or even quadruple hits; it is the accumulation of different types of impact, enforced by the limitlessness in time and space, which makes online crime victimisation so extremely invasive. Furthermore, the characteristics of online crime victimisation greatly complicate the fight against and prevention of online crime. Finally, the high prevalence of cybercrime victimisation combined with the severe impact of these crimes seems contradictory with public opinion – and associated moral judgments – on victims. Further research into the dominant public discourse on victimisation and how this affects the functioning of the police and victim support would be valuable.

Small rodent communities (Muridae) in Gabonese savannas: species diversity and biogeographical affinities

Mammalia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Mboumba ◽  
Maxime R. Hervé ◽  
Véronique Guyot ◽  
Frederic Ysnel
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Small Rodent ◽  
Small Rodents ◽  
South West ◽  
New Information ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mus Minutoides ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Coastal Basin

Abstract The study contributes to the knowledge of species composition and biogeographical affinities of savannas rodent in Gabon. Unlike small rodents in Gabonese forests, there is little data on the diversity of small rodents in Gabonese savannas. The diversity and distribution of rodent murid communities was studied in four different types of savanna in Gabon: Coastal Basin (South-West), Lopé/Okanda (in the Center), Batéké Plateaux (Southeastern) and Ngougnié/ N’yanga (in the South). A total of 428 individuals representing six species were captured over 11,920 trap nights. Trap success was highly variable (2.2–6.9 %). The most abundant species were Mus minutoides (69%) followed by Lemniscomys striatus (21.5%). Indices of species richness varied from 2 to 5 and diversity (Shannon and Weaver) was low in the four savannas with the highest value at Ngougnié/N’yanga (H′ = 1.2). Species distributions show that Gabonese savanna small rodents conform to four distribution types, with one species known from Zambesian savannas exhibiting austral affinities (Pelomys campanae: occurs in three southern savannas). This new information provides important insight into the biogeography of small rodents at a local and regional level. Moreover, the correspondence analysis highlighted an influence of local ecological factors on population abundance.

scholarly journals Fraud Audit Based on Visual Analysis: A Process Mining Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4751
Author(s):  
Jorge-Félix Rodríguez-Quintero ◽  
Alexander Sánchez-Díaz ◽  
Leonel Iriarte-Navarro ◽  
Alejandro Maté ◽  
Manuel Marco-Such ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analytics ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Process Mining ◽  
Fraud Detection ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Hotel Management ◽  
Domain Iii ◽  
Audit Approach

Among the knowledge areas in which process mining has had an impact, the audit domain is particularly striking. Traditionally, audits seek evidence in a data sample that allows making inferences about a population. Mistakes are usually committed when generalizing the results and anomalies; therefore, they appear in unprocessed sets; however, there are some efforts to address these limitations using process-mining-based approaches for fraud detection. To the best of our knowledge, no fraud audit method exists that combines process mining techniques and visual analytics to identify relevant patterns. This paper presents a fraud audit approach based on the combination of process mining techniques and visual analytics. The main advantages are: (i) a method is included that guides the use of the visual capabilities of process mining to detect fraud data patterns during an audit; (ii) the approach can be generalized to any business domain; (iii) well-known process mining techniques are used (dotted chart, trace alignment, fuzzy miner…). The techniques were selected by a group of experts and were extended to enable filtering for contextual analysis, to handle levels of process abstraction, and to facilitate implementation in the area of fraud audits. Based on the proposed approach, we developed a software solution that is currently being used in the financial sector as well as in the telecommunications and hospitality sectors. Finally, for demonstration purposes, we present a real hotel management use case in which we detected suspected fraud behaviors, thus validating the effectiveness of the approach.

scholarly journals LO69: Haloperidol versus ondansetron for hyperemesis due to cannabis (HaVOC): a randomized, controlled clinical trial

CJEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
pp. S32-S33
Author(s):  
A. Ruberto ◽  
M. Sivilotti ◽  
S. Forrester ◽  
A. Hall ◽  
F. Crawford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Return Visits ◽  
Topical Capsaicin ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Haloperidol Group ◽  
Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome

Introduction: One of the most common adverse effects of habitual cannabis use is hyperemesis—recurrent bouts of protracted vomiting, retching and abdominal pain superimposed on a baseline of daily nausea and anorexia. Largely anecdotal evidence supports the use of haloperidol, benzodiazepines or topical capsaicin over traditional antiemetics, yet little is known about the cause or optimal treatment of this newly recognized disorder. We report the results of one of the first clinical trials on so-called cannabis hyperemesis syndrome (NCT03056482). Methods: We approached adults with a working diagnosis of hyperemesis due to cannabis, provided they had ongoing emesis for >2 hours, a cyclic pattern of 3+ episodes in the last 2 years, and near daily use of cannabis by inhalation. We excluded those who were pregnant, deemed unreliable, or using opioids. Subjects provided written consent to be randomized during the index or any subsequent visit to either haloperidol (with a nested randomization to either 0.05 mg/kg or 0.1 mg/kg) or ondansetron 8 mg intravenously in a quadruple-blind fashion, and to be followed for 7 days. The primary outcome was the average reduction from baseline in abdominal pain and nausea (each measured on a 10-cm VAS) at 2 hours. While the original trial design allowed for crossover, the primary analysis used only the first treatment period since fewer than the prespecified threshold of 20% of subjects crossed over. Results: We enrolled 33 subjects, of whom 30 (16 men, 29+/-11 years old, using 1.5+/-0.9 g/day since age 19+/-2 years) were treated at least once (haloperidol 13, ondansetron 17). Haloperidol at either dose was superior to ondansetron (difference 2.3 cm [95%CI 0.6, 4.0]; p = 0.01), with similar improvements in both pain and nausea, as well as less rescue antiemetics (27% vs 61%; p = 0.04), and shorter time to ED departure (3.1+/-1.7 vs 5.6+/-4.5 hours; p = 0.03 Wilcoxon rank sum). There were two (haloperidol) vs six (ondansetron) return visits for ongoing nausea/vomiting, as well as two return visits for acute dystonia, both in the higher dose haloperidol group. Conclusion: Haloperidol is superior to ondansetron for the acute symptomatic treatment of patients with ongoing hyperemesis attributed to habitual cannabis use. The efficacy of this agent over ondansetron provides insight into the mechanism of this new disorder, now almost a daily diagnosis in many Canadian emergency departments.

EFFECT OF PERACETIC ACID OXIDATION ON N-CONTAINING COMPONENTS OF HUMIC MATERIALS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SCHNITZER ◽  
D. A. HINDLE
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Mild Oxidation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Humic Materials ◽  
Insight Into

Three humic and one fulvic acid were degraded by mild chemical oxidation with peracetic acid, with special emphasis on the effects of this type of oxidation on N-containing components. The different types of N that were considered were NH4+-N, amino acid-N, amino sugar-N, NO2−-N + NO3−-N, and by difference from total N, "unknown" N. The behaviour toward mild chemical oxidation of all four preparations was essentially similar: there were decreases in mino acid-N, amino sugar-N and "unknown" N, increases in NH4+-N, NO2−-N + NO3−-N with one material, and in N-gases. The "unknown" N was not inert. Between 16.6 and 59.1% of the latter appeared to be converted, as a result of mild chemical oxidation, to NH3 and N-gases which were expelled from the systems. The results presented provide an insight into what happens to N-containing humic components as a result of mild oxidation.

A rare case of rectal bleeding and Fusobacterium mortiferum sepsis due to solitary fibrous tumour originating from the mesentery

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. e244603
Author(s):  
Swaminathan Perinkulam Sathyanarayanan ◽  
Khizar Hamid ◽  
Kayla Hoerschgen ◽  
Tony Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Rectal Bleeding ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Fusion Gene ◽  
Solitary Fibrous Tumour ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Solitary Fibrous Tumours ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumours

Solitary fibrous tumours (SFTs) are rare mesenchymal tumours that are mostly seen in the pleura. Lately, they have also been described in other locations. Recent discovery of the NAB2-STAT6 fusion gene which is specific for SFTs has led to an accurate diagnosis of SFTs. The occurrence of SFTs in the mesentery is very rarely reported in the literature. We report a case of a 63-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain, rectal bleeding and Fusobacterium bacteraemia, who was ultimately found to have a mesenteric SFT.

A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON ACUTE NON-TRAUMATIC ABDOMINAL EMERGENCIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Md. Quamar Zubair ◽  
A. K. Jha Suman
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Postoperative Patient ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
Abdominal Emergencies ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Abdominal pain is one of the most common reasons for visit to the emergency room. Acute appendicitis is the commonest cause. An accurate diagnosis is essential for the correct treatment, which in many cases will prevent the death of the patient. Mainstay of diagnosis is history and physical examination. If this information is inadequate to establish a diagnosis and urgent or immediate operation is unnecessary, the periodic re-examination helps document the progression of the disease and often avoids unnecessary surgical intervention. Today the combination of improved diagnostic procedures, antibiotic and better anaesthesia and preoperative and postoperative patient care has led to a decrease in morbidity and mortality of patients with acute abdomen. The objective of this study was to determine the various causes of nontraumatic acute abdominal emergencies, their incidence, management and mortality in both sexes and all age groups >12 years age.

An Insight into the Polymeric Nanoparticles Applications in Diabetes Diagnosis and Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Dehghani ◽  
Monireh Esameili Rad ◽  
Atefeh Zarepour ◽  
Ponnurengam Malliappan Sivakumar ◽  
Ali Zarrabi
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Treatment And Diagnosis ◽  
Insight Into

: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a type of chronic metabolic disease that has affected millions of people worldwide and is known with a defect in the amount of insulin secretion, insulin functions, or both. This deficiency leads to an increase in the amounts of glucose, which could be accompanied by long-term damages to other organs such as eyes, kidneys, heart, and nervous system. Thus, introducing an appropriate approach for diagnosis and treatment of different types of DM is the aim of several researches. By the emergence of nanotechnology and its application in medicine, new approaches were presented for these purposes. The object of this review article is to introduce different types of polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs), as one of the most important classes of nanoparticles, for diabetic management. To achieve this goal, at first, some of the conventional therapeutic and diagnostic methods of DM will be reviewed. Then, different types of PNPs, in two forms of natural and synthetic polymers with different properties, as a new method for DM treatment and diagnosis will be introduced. In the next section, the transport mechanisms of these types of nano-carriers across the epithelium, via paracellular and transcellular pathways will be explained. Finally, the clinical use of PNPs in the treatment and diagnosis of DM will be summarized. Based on the results of this literature review, PNPs could be considered one of the most promising methods for DM management.

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