scholarly journals Homeopathic Potencies May Possess an Electric Field(-like) Component: Evidence from the Use of Encapsulated Solvatochromic Dyes

Homeopathy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (01) ◽  
pp. 014-022
Author(s):  
Steven J. Cartwright
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Bathochromic Shift ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Fundamental Identity ◽  
Spectral Changes ◽  
Absorbance Change ◽  
Solvatochromic Dyes ◽  
Brooker’S Merocyanine

Background Homeopathic potencies have been shown to interact with a range of solvatochromic dyes to produce spectroscopic changes in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Furthermore, the nature of the changes observed under different experimental conditions is beginning to limit the number of possible hypotheses that can be put forward regarding the fundamental identity of potencies. Aims and Methods The present study uses β-cyclodextrins to encapsulate solvatochromic dyes of widely varying structures. The purpose of this approach is to de-couple the primary dye–potency interaction from any subsequent aggregation effects. Results Despite large differences in molecular structure between dyes, results show that potencies affect all dyes according to the same fundamental principles. Specifically, positively and negatively solvatochromic dyes collectively respond in opposite and complementary ways to potencies in accordance with the differential stabilisation of their excited and ground electronic states. Under the conditions of encapsulation, positively solvatochromic dyes display a bathochromic shift of, on average, 0.4 nm with a 2% absorbance change, and negatively solvatochromic dyes display a hypsochromic shift of, on average, 0.2 nm with a 1% absorbance change. This behaviour is only ever seen in two situations—where solvent becomes more polar or where an electric field is applied to solutions of dyes. Conclusions The conditions used in this and previous studies to investigate the interaction of potencies with solvatochromic dyes preclude increased polarity of solvent as being responsible for the observed effects and that an explanation in which potencies carry an electric field (or electric field-like) component is by far the more likely. From the magnitude of the spectral changes induced in the dye Brooker's merocyanine by Arsenicum 10M, an estimate of the strength of the postulated electric field of 1.16 × 107 V/m can be made, which is comparable with the potential difference across cell membranes.

Tuning the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance of Al-Al2O3 Nanosphere Towards NIR Region by Gold Coating

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Katyal ◽  
Shivani Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Field Distribution ◽  
Dielectric Layer ◽  
Electric Field Distribution ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Field Enhancement ◽  
Localized Surface Plasmon ◽  
Sers Substrate ◽  
Al Nanoparticles

Background: A relatively narrow LSPR peak and a strong inter band transition ranging around 800 nm makes Al strongly plasmonic active material. Usually, Al nanoparticles are preferred for UV-plasmonic as the SPR of small size Al nanoparticles locates in deep UV-UV region of the optical spectrum. This paper focused on tuning the LSPR of Al nanostructure towards infrared region by coating Au layer. The proposed structure has Au as outer layer which prevent the further oxidation of Al nanostructure. Methods: The Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) and Plasmon Hybridization Theory has been used to evaluated the LSPR and field enhancement of single and dimer Al-Al2O3-Au MDM nanostructure. Results: It is observed that the resonance mode show dependence on the thickness of Al2O3 layer and also on the composition of nanostructure. The Au layered MDM nanostructure shows two peak of equal intensities simultaneously in UV and visible region tuned to NIR region. The extinction spectra and electric field distribution profiles of dimer nanoparticles are compared with monomer to reveal the extent of coupling. The dimer configuration shows higher field enhancement ~107 at 1049 nm. By optimizing the thickness of dielectric layer the MDM nanostructure can be used over UV-visible-NIR region. Conclusion: The LSPR peak shows dependence on the thickness of dielectric layer and also on the composition of nanostructure. It has been observed that optimization of size and thickness of dielectric layer can provide two peaks of equal intensities in UV and Visible region which is advantageous for many applications. The electric field distribution profiles of dimer MDM nanostructure enhanced the field by ~107 in visible and NIR region shows its potential towards SERS substrate. The results of this study will provide valuable information for the optimization of LSPR of Al-Al2O3-Au MDM nanostructure to have high field enhancement.

scholarly journals Electronic, Structural, and Optical Structure of Mono-Doped and Co-Doped (210) TiO2 Brookite Surfaces for Application in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells—A First Principles Study

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3918
Author(s):  
Ratshilumela S. Dima ◽  
Lutendo Phuthu ◽  
Nnditshedzeni E. Maluta ◽  
Joseph K. Kirui ◽  
Rapela R. Maphanga
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Doped Tio2 ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Co Doped ◽  
Optical Structure

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) polymorphs have recently gained a lot of attention in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The brookite polymorph, among other TiO2 polymorphs, is now becoming the focus of research in DSSC applications, despite the difficulties in obtaining it as a pure phase experimentally. The current theoretical study used different nonmetals (C, S and N) and (C-S, C-N and S-N) as dopants and co-dopants, respectively, to investigate the effects of mono-doping and co-doping on the electronic, structural, and optical structure properties of (210) TiO2 brookite surfaces, which is the most exposed surface of brookite. The results show that due to the narrowing of the band gap and the presence of impurity levels in the band gap, all mono-doped and co-doped TiO2 brookite (210) surfaces exhibit some redshift. In particular, the C-doped, and C-N co-doped TiO2 brookite (210) surfaces exhibit better absorption in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum in comparison to the pure, S-doped, N-doped, C-S co-doped and N-S co-doped TiO2 brookite (210) surfaces.

Emergent chiroptical properties in supramolecular and plasmonic assemblies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Shahana Nizar ◽  
Meleppatt Sujith ◽  
K. Swathi ◽  
Cristina Sissa ◽  
Anna Painelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Region ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Chiroptical Properties ◽  
Uv Visible

This tutorial provides a comprehensive description of the origin of chiroptical properties of supramolecular and plasmonic assemblies in the UV–visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Free-base corroles: determination of deprotonation constants in non-aqueous media

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Shen ◽  
Zhongping Ou ◽  
Jianguo Shao ◽  
Michał Gałęzowski ◽  
Daniel T. Gryko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Free Base ◽  
Organic Base ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Spectral Changes ◽  
Base Analysis ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
The Given

A series of free-base corroles with different electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents were reacted with piperidine, 4-aminopyridine, 2-methylimidazole, 2-aminopyridine or pyridine in PhCN and the UV-visible spectral changes monitored during conversion of ( Cor ) H 3 to [( Cor ) H 2]- as a function of the concentration and strength of the added organic base. Analysis of the UV-visible spectral changes as a function of the added base concentration enabled calculation of equilibrium constants ( logK ) for deprotonation of each corrole under the given experimental conditions. Relationships are examined between the experimentally measured logK values and previously published spectroscopic and structural properties of the compounds.

scholarly journals NIR-Emitting Benzene-Fused Oligo-BODIPYs for Bioimaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Selvaggio ◽  
Robert Nißler ◽  
Peter Nietmann ◽  
Atanu Patra ◽  
Lukas Jacek Patalag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Tracking ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Bathochromic Shift ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Tissue Penetration ◽  
Actin Networks ◽  
Nir Dyes ◽  
Nir Fluorescence ◽  
J Aggregates ◽  
20 Nm

Near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores are emerging tools for biophotonics because of their reduced scattering, increased tissue penetration and low phototoxicity. However, the library of NIR fluorophores is still limited. Here, we report the NIR fluorescence of two benzene-fused oligo-BODIPYs in their hexameric (H) and octameric (O) forms. These dyes emit bright NIR fluorescence (H: maxima 943/1075 nm, O: maxima 976/1115 nm) that can be excited in the NIR (H = 921 nm, O = 956 nm) or non-resonantly over a broad range in the visible region. The emission bands of H show a bathochromic shift and peak sharpening with increasing dye concentration suggesting the presence of J-aggregates. Furthermore, the emission maxima of both H and O shift up to 20 nm in solvents of different polarity. These dyes can be used as NIR ink and imaged remotely on the macroscopic level with a stand-off distance of 20 cm. We furthermore demonstrate their versatility for biophotonics by coating microscale beads and performing microrheology via NIR video particle tracking (NIR-VPT) in biopolymer (F-actin) networks. No photodamaging of the actin filaments takes place, which is typically observed for visible fluorophores and highlights the advantages of these NIR dyes.

scholarly journals Microspectrophotometric Determination of Nonheme Iron in Maturing Erythroblasts and its Relationship to the Endocellular Hemoglobin Formation

Blood ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 1285-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. SONDHAUS ◽  
BO THORELL
Keyword(s):  
Single Cells ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Nonheme Iron ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Intracellular Iron ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Near Ultraviolet

Abstract The strong near-UV absorption of inorganic iron makes possible the microspectrophotometric determination of nonheme intracellular iron as distinct from hemoglobin-bound iron. Erythroid cells of Salamandra Maculosa were therefore studied microspectrophotometrically in the near ultraviolet and visible region. Absorption curves from cytoplasmic areas in living and dried cells were obtained from 310 to 700 mµ., and two component analyses were made to determine the presence and amount of hemoglobin and nonhemoglobin absorption. Under the experimental conditions, intracellular hemoglobin was present largely as the carbon monoxide derivative, a stable form which provided a well defined standard to correct for nonspecific absorption and other spectral distortion due to the optical properties of single cells. Absorption curves from the youngest cells measured were found to differ from those of mature cells, the difference curve agreeing most closely with that of inorganic iron or ferritin in solution. In the youngest cells, nonheme iron appeared to exceed 6 per cent by weight of hemoglobin, or over 20 times molar hemoglobin concentration, dropping and remaining at about twice the hemoglobin molarity from the time hemoglobin synthesis was one-third complete until maturity. Allowing for the increase of total cell mass with growth, the data suggest that although young erythroblasts may already have enough Fe for subsequent Hb synthesis, they continue to incorporate excess Fe throughout maturation and may thus contain a reserve pool of nonheme iron.

Greatly enhanced electric field by the improved metal–insulator–metal structure in the visible region

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (32) ◽  
pp. 32LT01
Author(s):  
Shiwei Shu ◽  
Chengping Huang ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Yan Yan
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Metal Structure ◽  
Metal Insulator ◽  
Metal Insulator Metal

The Lobe Structure in Ice Accreted on an Aluminium Conductor in The Presence of a Dc Electric Field

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 228-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luan C. Phan ◽  
Jean-Louis Laforte ◽  
Du D. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Local Heat Transfer ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Charged Droplets ◽  
Water Drops ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Negative Electric Field ◽  
Corona Wind

Supercooled droplets of 38 μm mean volume diameter are accreted on a smooth aluni mum cylinder of 3.15 cm in diameter in order to study the effect of an electrostatic field upon ice formation on a power-line conductor. The results obtained show that ice grown in the presence of an applied negative field of 15 kV cm−1 exhibits a cusped-lobe structure characterized by surfacial outward knobs, convex rings of fine air bubbles and radial lines of large air bubbles; in the same conditions, a positive electric field of 15 kV cm−1 does not produce such lobe features. On the other hand, accretion tests performed in the absence of an electric field with a 33 μm droplet spectrum show that the well-developed cusped-lobe structure appears in ice at low ambient temperature and air velocity. In the present experimental conditions, the formation of cusped lobes observed in the presence of a negative electric field could be explained by a decrease in the temperature of the deposit due to a reduction of impact velocity of the charged droplets and/or an increase in the local heat-transfer coefficient at the surface of the ice accretion. Corona wind from ice points, always in the opposite direction to the impinging droplets, may also reduce their impact velocities. In addition, corona wind and roughness of the surface may contribute to a better evacuation of the latent heat and thus decrease the deposit temperature. The difference between the effects of a negative DC field and those of a DC positive field of the same strength comes from a stronger ionization intensity and/or a stronger deformation of water drops in the negative electric field.

scholarly journals Recombination and the long duration of the Balmer spectrum

1946 ◽  
Vol 186 (1005) ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Balmer Series ◽  
Electrodeless Discharge ◽  
Long Duration

Lord Rayleigh has recently found that the time of relaxation of the Balmer series of hydrogen excited by an electrodeless discharge is at least of the order 10 -5 sec. after it has been blown out of the electric field by its own expansion. Following Page, it is assumed that the luminosity is due to recombination of electrons with protons, and then Kramers’s theory yields halfvalue periods certainly larger than 10 -5 sec. under the special experimental conditions. Difficulties in the application of this theory raised by Cillié and Page are briefly discussed.

An Investigation of the Electrical "Spike" Potentials Produced by the Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Water Surrounding the Head Region

1956 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kleerekoper ◽  
Kira Sibakin
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Gill Opening ◽  
Adult Lamprey

In the water surrounding the head of Petromyzon marinus electric triphasic spike potentials can be recorded which recur rhythmically at 0.4-second intervals and are synchronous with the externally visible movement of respiration. At a distance of 15 to 20 mm. from the animal, above the eye region, the potentials are from 200–300 μv in an adult lamprey, in fresh water. The electric field produced by these potentials extends several centimeters frontwards of the head depending on experimental conditions and factors now being studied. Posterior to the gill openings the potentials taper off sharply and no spikes could be recorded 50–70 mm. posterior to the last gill opening. The field is symmetrical around the longitudinal axis of the animal under the experimental conditions described. Strychnine and cocaine do not affect the characteristics of the spikes but curare decreases their potential considerably, depending on amounts injected and the condition of the experimental animal. Light conditions do not affect the production of the spikes. The possible function of the electric field for the sea lamprey is discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document