scholarly journals The Comparison between Isokinetic Knee Muscles Strength in the Ipsilateral and Contralateral Limbs and Correlating with Function of Patients with Stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 683-689
Author(s):  
Fayaz Khan ◽  
Haris Anjamparuthikal ◽  
Mohamed Faisal Chevidikunnan
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Isokinetic Dynamometer ◽  
Knee Strength ◽  
Torque Measurements ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Knee Muscle

Abstract Objective The aim of this study is to compare the isokinetic knee muscles peak torque measurements and proprioception between the affected and intact limbs of patients with stroke, in addition to finding the correlation between knee muscles strength and lower limb function. Methods Twelve patients with stroke (mean age 64.33 ± 6.140 years), with 3 to 7 months poststroke who can walk 25 feet independently without using or using assistive devices and full passive range of motion were included in the study. Biodex isokinetic dynamometer was used for measuring isokinetic strength at 90°/s, 120°/s, and 150°/s and isometric strength at 60°/s in both flexors and extensors of the knee, whereas proprioception was measured at 45°/s knee flexion, all for affected and intact limbs. Functional measurements were assessed using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Lower Limb scale and Barthel Index (BI). Results The differences shown were found to be statistically significant between affected and intact limbs in isokinetic 90°/s flexion (p = 0.005), extension (p = 0.0013), and isometric at 60°/s flexion (p < 0.0001) knee muscle strengths and also the proprioception (p = 0.05). Significant positive correlation was found between isokinetic affected side knee flexion at 90°/s (r = 0.903) with BI (r = 0.704). Conclusion There is a significant difference in peak torque measurements between affected and normal lower limbs of poststroke patients, as well as a significant correlation between the knee strength and lower limb functions. Furthermore, it can also be concluded that the differences in knee proprioception between the affected and intact limbs were shown to be significant.

scholarly journals Structural and physical-functional deficits in lower limbs with fractures and treated surgically

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Micaele Aparecida Furlan de Oliveira ◽  
Osmair Gomes de Macedo ◽  
Lilian Carolina Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Thaís Santos Oliveira ◽  
Martim Bottaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Functional Fitness ◽  
Lateral Muscle ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction: A fracture is a traumatic bone injury that can occur from a variety of causes. Although the repercussions of fractures on the musculoskeletal system are documented, studies with more comprehensive outcomes and later stages of injury are still scarce. Objective: To evaluate the structural and physical-functional adaptations in individuals who suffered unilateral lower limb fractures treated surgically. Methods: Thirty-two patients of both genders, aged between 18 and 59 years, with a diagnosis of unilateral fracture of the lower limb and hospital discharge of at least one year, participated in the study. The affected lower limb was compared to the healthy lower limb of all participants using the outcome measures: vastus lateral muscle thickness (ultrasonography), knee extension and flexion strength (isokinetic dynamometer), ankle dorsiflexion range of motion of the distance from the foot to the wall) and functional fitness of the lower limb (single and triple horizontal jump test). Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the limbs affected and not affected in the measurements of muscle thickness (p = 0.0001), knee extension force (p = 0.0094), dorsiflexion amplitude (p = 0.0004) and functional performance (p = 0.0094, single jump and = 0.0114, triple jump). In all significant outcomes, the values of the affected limb were smaller than that of the non-affected limb. The peak torque of the knee flexor muscles did not show a statistically significant difference between limbs (p = 0.0624). Conclusion: Individuals who have undergone a surgically treated unilateral fracture of the lower limb present important structural and physical-functional late changes in relation to the non-affected limb.

Computed tomography angiography and microsurgical flaps for traumatic wounds: What is the added value?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Lucas Sousa Macedo ◽  
Renato Polese Rusig ◽  
Gustavo Bersani Silva ◽  
Alvaro Baik Cho ◽  
Teng Hsiang Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Significant Difference

BACKGROUND: Microsurgical flaps are widely used to treat complex traumatic wounds of upper and lower limbs. Few studies have evaluated whether the vascular changes in preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) influence the selection of recipient vessel and type of anastomosis and the microsurgical flaps outcomes including complications. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate if preoperative CTA reduces the occurrence of major complications (revision of the anastomosis, partial or total flap failure, and amputation) of the flaps in upper and lower limb trauma, and to describe and analyze the vascular lesions of the group with CTA and its relationship with complications. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was undertaken with all 121 consecutive patients submitted to microsurgical flaps for traumatic lower and upper limb, from 2014 to 2020. Patients were divided into two groups: patients with preoperative CTA (CTA+) and patients not submitted to CTA (CTA–). The presence of postoperative complications was assessed and, within CTA+, we also analyzed the number of patent arteries on CTA and described the arterial lesions. RESULTS: Of the 121 flaps evaluated (84 in the lower limb and 37 in the upper limb), 64 patients underwent preoperative CTA. In the CTA+ group, 56% of patients with free flaps for lower limb had complete occlusion of one artery. CTA+ patients had a higher rate of complications (p = 0.031), which may represent a selection bias as the most complex limb injuries and may have CTA indicated more frequently. The highest rate of complications was observed in chronic cases (p = 0.034). There was no statistically significant difference in complications in patients with preoperative vascular injury or the number of patent arteries. CONCLUSIONS: CTA should not be performed routinely, however, CTA may help in surgical planning, especially in complex cases of high-energy and chronic cases, since it provides information on the best recipient artery and the adequate level to perform the microanastomosis, outside the lesion area.

scholarly journals Unilateral and Bilateral Strength Asymmetry among Young Elite Athletes of Various Sports

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 683
Author(s):  
Maros Kalata ◽  
Tomas Maly ◽  
Mikulas Hank ◽  
Jakub Michalek ◽  
David Bujnovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Strength Asymmetry ◽  
Main Factor ◽  
Objective Type

Background and objective: Type of physical activity may influence morphological and muscular asymmetries in the young population. However, less is known about the size of this effect when comparing various sports. The aim of this study was to identify the degree of bilateral asymmetry (BA) and the level of unilateral ratio (UR) between isokinetic strength of knee extensors (KE) and flexors (KF) among athletes of three different types of predominant locomotion in various sports (symmetric, asymmetric and hybrid). Material and methods: The analyzed group consisted of young elite athletes (n = 50). The maximum peak muscle torque of the KE and KF in both the dominant (DL) and non-dominant (NL) lower limb during concentric muscle contraction at an angular velocity of 60°·s−1 was measured with an isokinetic dynamometer. Results: Data analysis showed a significant effect of the main factor (the type of sport) on the level of monitored variables (p = 0.004). The type of sport revealed a significant difference in the bilateral ratio (p = 0.01). The group of symmetric and hybrid sports achieved lower values (p = 0.01) of BA in their lower limb muscles than those who played asymmetric sports. The hybrid sports group achieved higher UR values (p = 0.01) in both lower limbs. Conclusions: The results indicate that sports with predominantly symmetrical, asymmetrical, and hybrid types of locomotion affected the size of the BA, as well as the UR between KE and KF in both legs in young athletes. We recommend paying attention to regular KE and KF strength diagnostics in young athletes and optimizing individual compensatory exercises if a higher ratio of strength asymmetry is discovered.

scholarly journals Kinesio Taping Does Not Alter Quadriceps Isokinetic Strength and Power in Healthy Nonathletic Men: A Prospective Crossover Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Korman ◽  
Anna Straburzyńska-Lupa ◽  
Radosław Rutkowski ◽  
Jakub Gruszczyński ◽  
Jacek Lewandowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Isokinetic Dynamometer ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Concentric Contractions ◽  
Kinesio Taping

Objectives. The effects of Kinesio Taping (KT) on muscular performance remain largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of KT on the maximum concentric and eccentric quadriceps isokinetic strength.Study Design. This is a single-blinded, placebo crossover, repeated measures study.Methods. Maximum isokinetic concentric/eccentric extension torque, work, and power were assessed by an isokinetic dynamometer without taping (NT) and with KT or placebo taping (PT) in 17 healthy young men. Repeated measures one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analyses.Results. Testing concentric contractions at 60°/s or 180°/s isokinetic speed, no significant differences in peak torque (Nm), total work (J), or mean power (W) were noted among the application modes under different conditions. Testing eccentric contractions at 30°/s or 60°/s isokinetic speed, no significant differences in mentioned parameters were noted, respectively. KT on the quadriceps neither decreased nor increased muscle strength in the participants.Conclusion. KT application onto the skin overlying the quadriceps muscle does not enhance the strength or power of knee extensors in healthy men.

scholarly journals Isokinetic strength of shoulder internal and external rotators in cricket bowlers

2002 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
X.M. Mabasa ◽  
A. Stewart ◽  
C. Fleishman
Keyword(s):  
External Rotation ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Joint System ◽  
Rotational Strength ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Position Data ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
Rotation Strength

The strength of the shoulder internal and external rotators incricket bowlers, may not be sufficient to cope with the demands of bowling.As very little research has been done on cricketers, this study was done to establish the isokinetic strength profile of the shoulder internal andexternal rotators in cricket bowlers.Isokinetic, shoulder rotational strength was evaluated in thirty malecricket volunteers with a mean age of 23.9 years and mean body weight of 70.3 kgs. The Cybex 340 dynamometer multi joint system was used to collect data on shoulder rotation strength in a standing neutral position. Data were collected at four different speeds (60,90,180 and 300deg/sec) and were computed for peak torque values for internal and external ratios for both dominant and non dominant shoulders.The results showed no statistically significant difference in the mean shoulder rotational torque between the bowlingand non-bowling shoulders for external rotation (p>0.05), and indicated statistically significant differences in themean shoulder rotational torque between the bowling and non-bowling shoulders for internal rotation (p<0.05). Therewas a significant decrease in isokinetic peak torque production for the external/internal rotator muscles as the speedof contraction increased (p<0.05). The peak torque ratio for the external/internal rotator muscles of the bowling armwere significantly less than of the non-bowling arm (p<0.05). These findings suggest that the strength ratios of thebowling arm need to be considered when managing young cricketers and their injuries.

Isokinetic Strength Profiles of Thigh Muscles of Modern Dancers in Relation to Their Experience Level

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
Ani Agopyan ◽  
Demet Tekin ◽  
Mehmet Unal ◽  
Hizir Kurtel ◽  
Gullu Turan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Isokinetic Dynamometer ◽  
Experience Level ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Modern Dancers

The aim of this study was to determine maximal voluntary peak torque (PT), PT% body weight (PT%BW), total work (TW), and hamstring/quadriceps ratio (HQR) for bilateral and unilateral thigh muscle strength during isokinetic muscle contractions in modern dancers in relation to their experience level. METHODS: Twenty-two female dancers were divided into two groups: intermediate dancers (ID, n=11) and advanced dancers (AD, n=11). Strength tests were performed using the Biodex System-III Pro Multijoint System isokinetic dynamometer to determine three joint angular velocities (60, 180, 300°/s). RESULTS: During extension, ADs exhibited higher ratios in the HQR (p=0.016) on right leg at 300°/s, IDs generated greater TW (p=0.042), and within groups, there was a significant left-to-right difference in the HQR at 300°/s for ADs (p=0.042). During flexion, within groups, the ADs exhibited significant differences between legs for both PT (p=0.026) and PT%BW (p=0.022) at 300°/s. CONCLUSION: For both groups, the average HQR in all angular velocities was not within the recommended range, which is required to prevent injuries; at the same time, unilateral muscular imbalances existed. Lower extremities of ADs exhibited asymmetric strength patterns at a certain level. Further research should be done to confirm the findings of this pilot study.

scholarly journals Isokinetic assessment of knee flexor/extensor muscular strength in elderly women

2002 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos de Amorim Aquino ◽  
Luiz Eugênio Garcez Leme ◽  
Marco Martins Amatuzzi ◽  
Júlia Maria D'Andréa Greve ◽  
Antônio Sérgio A.P. Terreri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Isokinetic Dynamometer ◽  
Knee Flexor ◽  
Torque Values

OBJECTIVE: To assess knee flexor-extensor muscular strength in elderly women with no previous history of musculoskeletal disorders on the lower limbs using an isokinetic dynamometer, in order to obtain data that could be used as a comparative parameter in the evaluation of elderly women with knee disorders, thus facilitating a better rehabilitation of these patients. METHODS: Twenty-six volunteers aged 75 to 83 years were studied using a Cybex® 6000 isokinetic dynamometer. The chosen angular velocity was 60 º/s, and concentric exercise was used for either flexion or extension. The studied parameters were: peak torque, angle of peak torque, and flexor-extensor torque rate. RESULTS: There were no differences between dominant (D) and nondominant (ND) knee peak torque values. This was true for both flexor (D = 42.46 ± 9.09 Nm / ND = 40.65 ± 9.38 Nm) and extensor (D = 76.92 ± 13.97 Nm / ND = 77.65 ± 15.21 Nm) movements. The descriptive statistical analysis of the values obtained for the flexor-extensor peak torque rate and for the angle of occurrence of peak torque was the same for the dominant and nondominant sides. CONCLUSIONS: The values of peak torque for the contralateral side can be used as a reference during rehabilitation of elderly women with acute disease of the knee, and the angular velocity of 60 º/s is proper and safe for isokinetic assessment of elderly people.

Relationship between Hip and Knee Strength and Knee Valgus during a Single Leg Squat

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina L. Claiborne ◽  
Charles W. Armstrong ◽  
Varsha Gandhi ◽  
Danny M. Pincivero
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Valgus Knee ◽  
Knee Motion ◽  
Knee Strength ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Single Leg Squat

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between hip and knee strength, and valgus knee motion during a single leg squat. Thirty healthy adults (15 men, 15 women) stood on their preferred foot, squatted to approximately 60 deg of knee flexion, and returned to the standing position. Frontal plane knee motion was evaluated using 3-D motion analysis. During Session 2, isokinetic (60 deg/sec) concentric and eccentric hip (abduction/adduction, flexion/extension, and internal/external rotation) and knee (flexion/extension) strength was evaluated. The results demonstrated that hip abduction (r2= 0.13), knee flexion (r2= 0.18), and knee extension (r2= 0.14) peak torque were significant predictors of frontal plane knee motion. Significant negative correlations showed that individuals with greater hip abduction (r= –0.37), knee flexion (r= –0.43), and knee extension (r= –0.37) peak torque exhibited less motion toward the valgus direction. Men exhibited significantly greater absolute peak torque for all motions, excluding eccentric internal rotation. When normalized to body mass, men demonstrated significantly greater strength than women for concentric hip adduction and flexion, knee flexion and extension, and eccentric hip extension. The major findings demonstrate a significant role of hip muscle strength in the control of frontal plane knee motion.

Assessment of Bilateral Asymmetry in Cycling Using a Commercial Instrumented Crank System and Instrumented Pedals

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 876-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo R. Bini ◽  
Patria A. Hume
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Bilateral Asymmetry ◽  
Cycling Test ◽  
Torque Measurements ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Competitive Cyclists

The accuracy of commercial instrumented crank systems for symmetry assessment in cycling has not been fully explored. Therefore, the authors’ aims were to compare peak crank torque between a commercial instrumented crank system and instrumented pedals and to assess the effect of power output on bilateral asymmetries during cycling. Ten competitive cyclists performed an incremental cycling test to exhaustion. Forces and pedal angles were recorded using right and left instrumented pedals synchronized with crank-torque measurements using an instrumented crank system. Differences in right (dominant) and left (nondominant) peak torque and asymmetry index were assessed using effect sizes. In the 100- to 250-W power-output range, the instrumented pedal system recorded larger peak torque (dominant 55–122%, nondominant 23–99%) than the instrumented crank system. There was an increase in differences between dominant and nondominant crank torque as power output increased using the instrumented crank system (7% to 33%) and the instrumented pedals (9% to 66%). Lower-limb asymmetries in peak torque increased at higher power-output levels in favor of the dominant leg. Limitations in design of the instrumented crank system may preclude the use of this system to assess peak crank-torque symmetry.

Influence of Shoulder Position on Functional Control Ratio During Isokinetic Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 588-593
Author(s):  
Bin Chen ◽  
Yichao Zhao ◽  
Xianxin Cao ◽  
Guojiong Hu ◽  
Lincoln B. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Programs ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Isokinetic Dynamometer ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Functional Control ◽  
Shoulder Position

Context: One of the possible mechanisms leading to secondary impingement syndrome may be the strength imbalance of shoulder rotators which is known as functional control ratio (FCR). The FCR is a ratio dividing the eccentric peak torque of the external rotators by the concentric peak torque of the internal rotators. Previous studies have focused on the reproducibility and reliability of isokinetic assessment, but there is little information on the influence of variable shoulder positions on FCR. Objective: To compare shoulder FCR across 3 different shoulder abduction positions during isokinetic assessment. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Biomechanics laboratory. Participants: Thirty-one healthy young university students (age 22.35 [0.95] y, weight 60.52 [9.31] kg, height 168.23 [9.47] cm). Interventions: The concentric peak torque of internal rotators and eccentric peak torque of external rotators of right shoulder were measured on an isokinetic dynamometer. Main Outcome Measures: Concentric peak torque of the internal rotators and eccentric peak torque of the external rotators, measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. Results: The concentric peak torque of internal rotators was significantly lower at 120° shoulder abduction compared with other positions (P < .001). The FCR was significantly higher at 120° shoulder abduction than 90° (P = .002) or 60° (P < .001) shoulder abduction because of the lower concentric peak torque. No significant difference was found in the FCR between the other 2 shoulder positions (P = .14). Conclusions: Shoulder position variations may influence FCR because of weakness of the internal rotators. Rehabilitation and injury prevention training programs should specifically focus on strengthening the internal rotators at more elevated angles of shoulder abduction.

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