scholarly journals The COVID-19 Pandemic and Planetary Health. A Critical Review of Epidemiology, Prevention, Clinical Characteristics and Treatments for Oral, Head and Neck Health Professionals. Do We Have a Roadmap?

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (03) ◽  
pp. e351-e358
Author(s):  
Geraldo Pereira Jotz ◽  
Airton Stein ◽  
Sérgio Sirena ◽  
Enrique Barros ◽  
Julio Baldisserotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Planetary Health ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Introduction Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is potentially the greatest global public health crisis of this century. This disease emerged as an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan, the capital city of the Hubei province in China, in December 2019. Otolaryngologists, head and neck surgeons and dentists are at an increased risk of occupational disease. Objective The present review summarizes currently published evidence of Covid-19 epidemiology, clinical characteristics, treatment and prevention. No proven effective treatments for this disease currently exist. Data Synthesis COVID-19 started from a zoonotic transmission event associated with a large seafood market that also traded in live wild animals, and it soon became clear that efficient person-to-person transmission was also occurring. Symptoms are varied, and not all patients develop all of them. Conclusion Social distancing seems to have been successful in several places in the world. However, this recommendation alone is not enough to contain the disease, and it is not a long-term solution. Large-scale testing by health professionals of representative samples of the population may give an estimate of the progression of the disease. Different treatments are under test and bring hope of a cure to the population. However, no current treatments (April 27, 2020) have been proven to be the key to success in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Planetary health is a useful concept to understand the current drivers of this pandemic and to draw a roadmap for science and healthcare that may guide actions to fight economic depression and ensure a healthy recovery.

scholarly journals Brain ageing in schizophrenia: evidence from 26 international cohorts via the ENIGMA Schizophrenia consortium

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantinos Constantinides ◽  
Laura KM Han ◽  
Clara Alloza ◽  
Linda Antonucci ◽  
Celso Arango ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Brain Ageing ◽  
Increased Risk

Schizophrenia (SZ) is associated with an increased risk of life-long cognitive impairments, age-related chronic disease, and premature mortality. We investigated evidence for advanced brain ageing in adult SZ patients, and whether this was associated with clinical characteristics in a prospective meta-analytic study conducted by the ENIGMA Schizophrenia Working Group. The study included data from 26 cohorts worldwide, with a total of 2803 SZ patients (mean age 34.2 years; range 18-72 years; 67% male) and 2598 healthy controls (mean age 33.8 years, range 18-73 years, 55% male). Brain-predicted age was individually estimated using a model trained on independent data based on 68 measures of cortical thickness and surface area, 7 subcortical volumes, lateral ventricular volumes and total intracranial volume, all derived from T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Deviations from a healthy brain ageing trajectory were assessed by the difference between brain-predicted age and chronological age (brain-predicted age difference [brain-PAD]). On average, SZ patients showed a higher brain-PAD of +3.64 years (95% CI: 3.01, 4.26; I2 = 55.28%) compared to controls, after adjusting for age and sex (Cohen's d = 0.50). Among SZ patients, brain-PAD was not associated with specific clinical characteristics (age of onset, duration of illness, symptom severity, or antipsychotic use and dose). This large-scale collaborative study suggests advanced structural brain ageing in SZ. Longitudinal studies of SZ and a range of mental and somatic health outcomes will help to further evaluate the clinical implications of increased brain-PAD and its ability to be influenced by interventions.

scholarly journals COVID-19 treatment with lopinavir–ritonavir resulting in sick sinus syndrome: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (FI1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laureen Yi-Ting Wang ◽  
Gavin Yeow Ping Ng
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Sinus Arrest ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background COVID-19 infection is the most serious global public health crisis of the century. With no approved treatments against it, investigational treatments are being used despite limited safety data. Besides being at higher risk of complications of COVID-19 infection, patients with underlying cardiovascular disease are more likely to develop cardiac-related side effects of treatment. We present a case of sinus arrest with junctional escape related to lopinavir–ritonavir. Case summary A 67-year-old man, with underlying stable ischaemic heart disease, acquired COVID-19 infection. He had a prolonged duration of fever and cough. He subsequently developed acute respiratory distress and required intensive care unit (ICU) care. Given his severe infection, he was started on lopinavir–ritonavir. Hydroxychloroquine was not used as he had a prolonged QTc interval. During observation in the ICU, the patient developed recurrent episodes of sinus arrest with junctional escape. Initial concerns were of myocarditis, but he had no ST-segment changes on ECG, with mild elevations of highly sensitive troponin I and a normal transthoracic echocardiogram. A multidisciplinary team discussion involving the intensivist, infectious disease physicians, and cardiologist; the decision was made to stop treatment with lopinavir–ritonavir. Within 48 h, the bradyarrhythmia resolved. The patient did not require transvenous and permanent pacemaker insertion. Conclusion Current efficacy and safety evidence of lopinavir–ritonavir as a treatment in COVID-19 patients is limited. Although uncommonly reported, those with underlying cardiovascular disease are at increased risk of bradyarrhythmia-related adverse effects of lopinavir–ritonavir. When initiating investigational therapies, especially in patients with cardiovascular conditions, adequate counselling and close monitoring are required.

scholarly journals An Ethical Framework for Communicating Public Health Crises: A Case Analysis of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Qingjiang Yao
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ethical Reasoning ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Epidemiological Investigation ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Teleological Reasoning ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Novel Virus

These Identifying the traditional principle of medical ethics of autonomy as a major factor that hinders epidemiological investigation and the understanding of a novel virus, this study adopts an ethical framework, consisting of the axes of ethical devotions (local, national, continental, and global) and ethical reasoning approaches (deontological and teleological), to analyze the approaches of communicating global public health crises like the COVID pandemic. The argument is made to endorse a global devotion with teleological reasoning in a large-scale public health crisis that needs global collaboration to cope with.

scholarly journals Dental Care Management: Till We Bid Farewell to Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Pushkar Manandhar ◽  
Sajana Shrestha Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
Dental Offices ◽  
Materials Used

The sudden outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from Wuhan, China shook the whole world  Even though the overall mortality rate of the disease is 3.4% 1, 2, the exponential spread of the virus from China to other parts of the earth got the world into an abnormal global public health crisis. Despite the global effort to control the widespread of the disease, the community spread has been out of hand and declared pandemic with a public health emergency of international concern. The worst is the treatment and vaccine have not been found to date.  The Health Professionals have been working day and night on the front line to fight against the virus risking their own life. The oral health professionals, on the other hand, are at the highest risk due to the aerosols produced by saliva droplets 3. The possibility of the spread of these saliva droplets by inhalation, contamination with skin or mucous membranes, lodgments on the surfaces of the dental offices, or other dental materials used during the dental appointments and/or even the hand contamination could be a big threat to dental professionals 4. They are in risk not only they get infected but also become a carrier of the virus helping in the spread of it. Thus, this article intends to provide a brief introduction, symptoms and transmission routes of this novel infection along with specific recommendations for oral health practitioners for patient screening and management protocol, and infection control strategies.

scholarly journals Genetic Structure, Transmission, Clinical Characteristics, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Rawaa S. Al-Mayyahi ◽  
Wa'il A. Godaymi Al-Tumah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which represents a global public health crisis. Based on recent published studies, this review discusses current evidence related to the transmission, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, management and prevention of COVID-19. It is hoped that this review article will provide a benefit for the public to well understand and deal with this new virus, and give a reference for future researches.

scholarly journals Challenges and Scientific Prospects of the Newest Generation of mRNA-Based Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Calina ◽  
Antonio F. Hernández ◽  
Thomas Hartung ◽  
Alexey M. Egorov ◽  
Boris Nikolaevich Izotov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
One Year ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
Induced Immunity

In the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic, traditional, complex and lengthy methods of vaccine development and production would not have been able to ensure proper management of this global public health crisis. Hence, a number of technologies have been developed for obtaining a vaccine quickly and ensuring a large scale production, such as mRNA-based vaccine platforms. The use of mRNA is not a new concept in vaccine development but has leveraged on previous knowledge and technology. The great number of human resources and capital investements for mRNA vaccine development, along with the experience gained from previous studies on infectious diseases, allowed COVID-19 mRNA vaccines to be developed, conditionally approved and commercialy available in less than one year, thanks to decades of basic research. This review critically presents and discusses the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-induced immunity, and it summarizes the most common anaphylactic and autoimmune adverse effects that have been identified until now after massive vaccination campaigns.

scholarly journals Post-COVID 19 Period: Modern State and Clinical Features

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-195
Author(s):  
V. N. Larina ◽  
A. A. Ryzhikh ◽  
L. I. Bikbaeva
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Additional Burden ◽  
Health Care Unit

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has proven to be a major global public health crisis, as evidenced by the steady increase in re-infected patients. In spite of the fight against this infection going on for more than a year, the unpredictable consequences of COVID-19, with or without concomitant chronic diseases, are still insufficiently studied, which undoubtedly is an additional burden on the outpatient health care unit. This article is a review of the available modern literature on the features of the course and duration of the post-COVID period. More than fifteen studies have been analyzed, in which the authors evaluated the incidence of symptoms in post-COVID period and its clinical characteristics.

scholarly journals How community medical facilities can promote resilient community constructions under the background of pandemics

2022 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2110485
Author(s):  
Fang Wang ◽  
Yuanyang Fang ◽  
Handuo Deng ◽  
Fangzhen Wei
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
The Face

Nowadays, urban and community resilience have become the core issues of urban theoretical research and construction practices. While there are many studies on climate change, natural hazards and environmental pollution, relatively less attention has been paid to public and human health. However, the current COVID-19 pandemic, which is a major global public health crisis, is posing severe challenges to the resilience of cities and communities in the context of high-mobility, high-density and high-intensity, as well as expands the connotation of community resilience to public health. To compensate for the lack of current research, this study examined the characteristics of community medical facilities in response to pandemics at urban, community and individual multi-spatial scales based on a thorough review of current research and relevant practice. It also emphasized the significant role played by community medical facilities in improving resilient community constructions in the face of large-scale public health emergencies. These characteristics were fully utilized to explore ways to build and govern the ‘resilience' of communities in the future, help people to survive better as well as develop in complex and changeable external environments.

CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND TREATMENT OUTCOME OF EPISTAXIS IN HEAD AND NECK TRAUMA

2016 ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
Ngoc Si Tran ◽  
Thanh Dang ◽  
Van Dung Phan ◽  
Thanh Thai Le
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Nasal Packing ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Neck Trauma ◽  
Center Hospital ◽  
Nasal Bleeding ◽  
Head And Neck Trauma ◽  
Embolization Procedure

Objectives: To study clinical characteristics and treatment outcome of epistaxis in head and neck trauma. Methods: A prospective descriptive study of 71 cases of epistaxis managed at Hue Center Hospital and Hue Univesity Hospital from April 2015 to June 2016. Results: Most of bleeding times were at night (59.2%). Unilateral bleeding was seen in almost 72.9% cases. Anterior nasal bleeding was noted in majority of the patients (70.4%), anterior and posterior nasal was 18.3%, posterior nasal was 11.3%. There were three stage: mild (77.5%), moderate (15.5%), severe (7%). Anterior nasal packing (70.4%) were the most common methods, Posterior nasal packing were 25.4%, Local cauterization were 1.4%, Constriction of the blood vessels were 1.4%, Embolization procedure were 1.4%. Complication rate was 8.4% include: fever (5%), pressure necrosis (1.7%), scars (1.7%). The rate of good recovery after treatment was 91.7%, partial recovery was 8.3%. The overall mean of hospital stay was 6,33 ± 5,61 days (range 1 to 36 days). Key words: Epistaxis

Study of Biochemical and Clinical Markers in Steatohepatitis Related to Obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1501-1505
Author(s):  
Roxana Maria Livadariu ◽  
Radu Danila ◽  
Lidia Ionescu ◽  
Delia Ciobanu ◽  
Daniel Timofte
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Clinical Markers ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Increased Risk

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly associated to obesity and comprises several liver diseases, from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH) with increased risk of developing progressive liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver biopsy is the gold standard in diagnosing the disease, but it cannot be used in a large scale. The aim of the study was the assessment of some non-invasive clinical and biological markers in relation to the progressive forms of NAFLD. We performed a prospective study on 64 obese patients successively hospitalised for bariatric surgery in our Surgical Unit. Patients with history of alcohol consumption, chronic hepatitis B or C, other chronic liver disease or patients undergoing hepatotoxic drug use were excluded. All patients underwent liver biopsy during sleeve gastrectomy. NAFLD was present in 100% of the patients: hepatic steatosis (38%), NASH with the two forms: with fibrosis (31%) and without fibrosis (20%), cumulating 51%; 7 patients had NASH with vanished steatosis. NASH with fibrosis statistically correlated with metabolic syndrome (p = 0.036), DM II (p = 0.01) and obstructive sleep apnea (p = 0.02). Waist circumference was significantly higher in the steatohepatitis groups (both with and without fibrosis), each 10 cm increase increasing the risk of steatohepatitis (p = 0.007). The mean values of serum fibrinogen and CRP were significantly higher in patients having the progressive forms of NAFLD. Simple clinical and biological data available to the practitioner in medicine can be used to identify obese patients at high risk of NASH, aiming to direct them to specialized medical centers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document