scholarly journals Midface Reconstruction: Planning and Outcome

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (03) ◽  
pp. 324-334
Author(s):  
Gautam Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Digital Imaging ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Complex Anatomy ◽  
Osseointegrated Implants ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Midface Reconstruction ◽  
Reconstruction Planning

Abstract Reconstruction of the complex anatomy and aesthetics of the midface is often a challenge. A careful understanding of this three-dimensional (3D) structure is necessary. Anticipating the extent of excision and its planning following oncological resections is critical.In the past over two decades, with the advances in microsurgical procedures, contributions toward the reconstruction of this area have generated interest. Planning using digital imaging, 3D printed models, osseointegrated implants, and low-profile plates, has favorably impacted the outcome. However, there are still controversies in the management: to use single composite tissues versus multiple tissues; implants versus autografts; vascularized versus nonvascularized bone; prosthesis versus reconstruction.This article explores the present available options in maxillary reconstruction and outlines the approach in the management garnered from past publications and experiences.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional printing for heart diseases: clinical application review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Ma ◽  
Peng Ding ◽  
Lanlan Li ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Ping Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Complex Anatomy ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
3D Printed

AbstractHeart diseases remain the top threat to human health, and the treatment of heart diseases changes with each passing day. Convincing evidence shows that three-dimensional (3D) printing allows for a more precise understanding of the complex anatomy associated with various heart diseases. In addition, 3D-printed models of cardiac diseases may serve as effective educational tools and for hands-on simulation of surgical interventions. We introduce examples of the clinical applications of different types of 3D printing based on specific cases and clinical application scenarios of 3D printing in treating heart diseases. We also discuss the limitations and clinically unmet needs of 3D printing in this context.

scholarly journals A háromdimenziós virtuális és nyomtatott szívmodellek megkönnyítik a komplex műtétek megtervezését és javítják a betegbiztonságot a csecsemő- és gyermekszívsebészetben

2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (19) ◽  
pp. 747-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Király
Keyword(s):  
Individualized Medicine ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Intracardiac Repair ◽  
Flexible Material ◽  
Complex Anatomy ◽  
Great Vessels ◽  
Clinical Benefits ◽  
3D Printed

Abstract: Introduction: Three-dimensional (3D) modelling and printing greatly supports advances in individualized medicine and surgery. In congenital cardiac surgery, 3D-models and printed prototypes offer advantages of better understanding of complex anatomy, hands-on preoperative surgical planning and emulation, improved communication within the multidisciplinary team and to patients. 3D-virtual and printed models often add important new anatomical findings and prompt alternative operative scenarios. Aim: Validity and realisation of possible clinical benefits were studied. Method: Computed tomography-angiography raw-data were segmented into 3D-virtual models of the heart-great vessels. Prototypes were 3D-printed as real-size “blood-volume” (rigid material), and 1.5×-scaled “hollow” (translucent, flexible material). Accuracy of the models was evaluated intraoperatively. Results: We produced 3D-prototypes of the heart-great vessels for 12 case-scenarios (6 males, median age: 11 months) undergoing complex intracardiac repairs. Accuracy was excellent in millimeter-range. Representation of the atrioventricular valves is currently unsatisfactory. Models refined diagnostics in 8/12 and provided new anatomic information in 6/12 cases (e.g., aberrant coronary origin/course, newly-discovered intracardiac communication, etc.); in 10/12 cases they contributed to an improved operative plan (surgical approach, modification of intracardiac repair, etc.); an alternative operative plan emerged in 6/12 cases. Complex operative procedures (staged reoperations in 10/12; Aristotle-score median: 11; 10–14) emulated on 3D-models were materialized successfully. No morbidity/mortality occurred. Acceptance-index of the 3D-models was maximal among the multidisciplinary clinical team and patients/relatives. Conclusion: 3D-printed models can contribute to the safety of complex congenital cardiac surgeries in selected scenarios. Besides their numerous benefits, currently inadequate financial coverage of the extra time/labour and material/machinery by insurance is mentioned as a major drawback. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(19): 747–755.

scholarly journals Practicality of 3D Printed Personalized Medicines in Therapeutics

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilda Amekyeh ◽  
Faris Tarlochan ◽  
Nashiru Billa
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Three Dimension ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Dimensional Printing ◽  
Personalized Medicines

Technological advances in science over the past century have paved the way for remedial treatment outcomes in various diseases. Pharmacogenomic predispositions, the emergence of multidrug resistance, medication and formulation errors contribute significantly to patient mortality. The concept of “personalized” or “precision” medicines provides a window to addressing these issues and hence reducing mortality. The emergence of three-dimensional printing of medicines over the past decades has generated interests in therapeutics and dispensing, whereby the provisions of personalized medicines can be built within the framework of producing medicines at dispensaries or pharmacies. This plan is a good replacement of the fit-for-all modality in conventional therapeutics, where clinicians are constrained to prescribe pre-formulated dose units available on the market. However, three-dimension printing of personalized medicines faces several hurdles, but these are not insurmountable. In this review, we explore the relevance of personalized medicines in therapeutics and how three-dimensional printing makes a good fit in current gaps within conventional therapeutics in order to secure an effective implementation of personalized medicines. We also explore the deployment of three-dimensional printing of personalized medicines based on practical, legal and regulatory provisions.

scholarly journals Editorial for the Special Issue on 3D Printed Microfluidic Devices

Micromachines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savas Tasoglu ◽  
Albert Folch
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Past ◽  
3D Printed

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has revolutionized the microfabrication prototyping workflow over the past few years. [...]

scholarly journals Role of Three-Dimensional Visualization Modalities in Medical Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivy Bui ◽  
Arunabh Bhattacharya ◽  
Si Hui Wong ◽  
Harinder R. Singh ◽  
Arpit Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Content Delivery ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Anatomical Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Education Experience ◽  
3D Printed

For the past two decades, slide-based presentation has been the method of content delivery in medical education. In recent years, other teaching modalities involving three-dimensional (3D) visualization such as 3D printed anatomical models, virtual reality (VR), and augmented reality (AR) have been explored to augment the education experience. This review article will analyze the use of slide-based presentation, 3D printed anatomical models, AR, and VR technologies in medical education, including their benefits and limitations.

scholarly journals Evolution of views on the structure of sources of strong earthquakes at the end of XX and beginning of XXI centuries

2019 ◽  
pp. 134-148
Author(s):  
E. A. Rogozhin
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
The Past

The paper addresses the evolution of scientific views on the structure of the sources of strong earthquakes at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21th century in Russia. The scientific concepts that emerged in the main developed countries initially typically lacked a clear and consistent understanding of the structure of sources of the strongest seismic events. In the 1950s, at the Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the USSR Academy of Sciences, G.A. Gamburtsev formulated a hypothesis of a long-term (a few hundred years) stability of seismic regime of a system of seismic sutures. The recently studied earthquakes have their sources in the regions of the large faults. The earthquakes of larger magnitudes have more extended and structurally more complex sources. Some sources in the considered cases are relatively simple to reconstruct (they encompass the fault planes of the large faults, e.g., the Spitak source, M = 6.8). Other sources are more complex; they are formed in the disjunctive nodes or encompass the crustal blocks. For example, the seismic source of the Altai earthquake (M = 7.3) has a volumetric structure and is developed along the boundaries of the large seismogenic blocks. The Wenchuan earthquake (M = 7.9) has a most complicated source which looks as a three-dimensional (3D) structure composed of a few crustal blocks framed by two extended northeast striking faults and separated by the northwesterly trending transverse fault. The structurally different sources differently manifest themselves in the pattern of seismic dislocations on the surface and in the distribution of aftershock hypocenters at depth. The anomalously low velocity “pockets” identified by local seismic tomography in the source areas of the Spitak and Altai earthquakes which accompany the main and secondary faults at depth are likely to be the zones of dynamic control of these faults. The breaked near-fault zones abundant with cracks and fractures are the severely looze inclusions in the crustal rocks hampering the propagation of seismic waves. Therefore, the P-waves in these pockets propagate at lower velocities than in the undamaged geological medium. The paleoseismological studies of seismic faults in trenches have shown that the strong earthquakes have occurred in the same sources in the past and the recurrence period of the strongest seismic events ranges from a few hundred to a few thousand years. Thus, the combined studies of the source zones of the strongest earthquakes conducted in the past decades in the different regions of Eurasia have shown that Gamburtsev’s hypothesis has remained relevant.

scholarly journals Evolution of the Electromagnetic Manipulation: From Tunable to Programmable and Intelligent Metasurfaces

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 988
Author(s):  
Sisi Luo ◽  
Jianjiao Hao ◽  
Fuju Ye ◽  
Jiaxin Li ◽  
Ying Ruan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical World ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Past ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
And Control

Looking back on the development of metamaterials in the past 20 years, metamaterials have gradually developed from three-dimensional complex electromagnetic structures to a two-dimensional metasurface with a low profile, during which a series of subversive achievements have been produced. The form of electromagnetic manipulation of the metasurface has evolved from passive to active tunable, programmable, and other dynamic and real-time controllable forms. In particular, the proposal of coding and programmable metasurfaces endows metasurfaces with new vitality. By describing metamaterials through binary code, the digital world and the physical world are connected, and the research of metasurfaces also steps into a new era of digitalization. However, the function switch of traditional programmable metamaterials cannot be achieved without human instruction and control. In order to achieve richer and more flexible function regulation and even higher level metasurface design, the intelligence of metamaterials is an important direction in its future development. In this paper, we review the development of tunable, programmable, and intelligent metasurfaces over the past 5 years, focusing on basic concepts, working principles, design methods, manufacturing, and experimental validation. Firstly, several manipulation modes of tunable metasurfaces are discussed; in particular, the metasurfaces based on temperature control, mechanical control, and electrical control are described in detail. It is demonstrated that the amplitude and phase responses can be flexibly manipulated by the tunable metasurfaces. Then, the concept, working principle, and design method of digital coding metasurfaces are briefly introduced. At the same time, we introduce the active programmable metasurfaces from the following aspects, such as structure, coding method, and three-dimensional far-field results, to show the excellent electromagnetic manipulation ability of programmable metasurfaces. Finally, the basic concepts and research status of intelligent metasurfaces are discussed in detail. Different from the previous programmable metamaterials, which must be controlled by human intervention, the new intelligent metamaterials control system will realize autonomous perception, autonomous decision-making, and even adaptive functional manipulation to a certain extent.

scholarly journals 3D printing technologies in the treatment of patients with injuries and diseases of the forearm and hand

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
V V Khominets ◽  
S A Peleshok ◽  
D A Volov ◽  
M V Titova ◽  
M I Eliseeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Swelling Pressure ◽  
3D Models ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
The Past ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dimensional Printing

In the last decade, the range of applications of three-dimensional printing (3D printing) in surgery has been expanding. In traumatology, orthopedics and rehabilitation of injuries of the upper limbs, there is growing interest in creating splints and orthoses that can take into account the individual anatomical features of the human body. Traditional orthoses and splints are not always convenient and can lead to undesirable consequences such as pain, swelling, pressure, or even lack of therapeutic effect. The prospects of 3D printing technology in medicine from the beginning of its mass introduction, the features of modeling, manufacturing and application of means for immobilization of injuries and diseases of the upper extremities according to domestic and foreign publications over the past 5 years are considered. The data on the functionality of 3D-printed tire structures and orthoses used to immobilize the upper limb are analyzed in comparison with traditional methods of fixation. Three-dimensional images of patients with injuries obtained using computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging or using a 3D scanner can be used to create virtual 3D models of the forearm, wrist, fingers of the patient, and 3D printing with these anatomical models allows you to create personalized tires and orthoses. Thanks to an individual approach and the use of various solutions, three-dimensional printing can be widely used in traumatology and orthopedics. As a result of this approach, it becomes possible to implement and effectively use a variety of solutions that will find support in healthcare.

Mitochondrial Reconstructions Based on Serial Thick Sections and HVEM

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
Jerome J. Paulin
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Stereo Imaging ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Mitochondrial Reticulum

Within the past decade it has become apparent that HVEM offers the biologist a means to explore the three-dimensional structure of cells and/or organelles. Stereo-imaging of thick sections (e.g. 0.25-10 μm) not only reveals anatomical features of cellular components, but also reduces errors of interpretation associated with overlap of structures seen in thick sections. Concomitant with stereo-imaging techniques conventional serial Sectioning methods developed with thin sections have been adopted to serial thick sections (≥ 0.25 μm). Three-dimensional reconstructions of the chondriome of several species of trypanosomatid flagellates have been made from tracings of mitochondrial profiles on cellulose acetate sheets. The sheets are flooded with acetone, gluing them together, and the model sawed from the composite and redrawn.The extensive mitochondrial reticulum can be seen in consecutive thick sections of (0.25 μm thick) Crithidia fasciculata (Figs. 1-2). Profiles of the mitochondrion are distinguishable from the anterior apex of the cell (small arrow, Fig. 1) to the posterior pole (small arrow, Fig. 2).

Methods for three-dimensional reconstruction of cellular components within a thick section

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
J. Frank ◽  
B. F. McEwen ◽  
M. Radermacher ◽  
C. L. Rieder
Keyword(s):  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Tomographic Reconstruction ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Thick Section ◽  
Three Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Axis Ratio ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Cellular Components

The tomographic reconstruction from multiple projections of cellular components, within a thick section, offers a way of visualizing and quantifying their three-dimensional (3D) structure. However, asymmetric objects require as many views from the widest tilt range as possible; otherwise the reconstruction may be uninterpretable. Even if not for geometric obstructions, the increasing pathway of electrons, as the tilt angle is increased, poses the ultimate upper limitation to the projection range. With the maximum tilt angle being fixed, the only way to improve the faithfulness of the reconstruction is by changing the mode of the tilting from single-axis to conical; a point within the object projected with a tilt angle of 60° and a full 360° azimuthal range is then reconstructed as a slightly elliptic (axis ratio 1.2 : 1) sphere.

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