scholarly journals Frequency-Following Response and Auditory Behavior in Children with Prenatal Exposure to the Zika Virus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís Cristine Delgado da Hora ◽  
Lilian Ferreira Muniz ◽  
Silvana Maria Sobral Griz ◽  
Jéssica Dayane da Silva ◽  
Diana Babini Lapa de Albuquerque Britto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Frequency Following Response ◽  
Auditory Development ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Development Delay ◽  
Final Score ◽  
Auditory Behavior

Abstract Introduction Prenatal exposure to the Zika virus can impair neurodevelopment and cause auditory damage. Objective To analyze the frequency-following response (FFR) and the auditory behavior (with the LittlEars ® questionnaire) of children with and without prenatal exposure to Zika virus infection. Methods A total of 30 children participated in the present study, divided into 3 groups: 10 children with microcephaly and prenatal exposure to the Zika virus; 10 normocephalic children with prenatal exposure to the Zika virus; and 10 children with no evidence of prenatal exposure to the virus. The FFR test was performed with the /da/ syllable. The LittlEars ® questionnaire was used with parents/guardians. Results For the FFR measurements, there was no difference between the groups. The children with exposure to the Zika virus presented a final score in the questionnaire below what is expected from children with normal hearing. A significant difference was observed for the final, semantic, and expressive scores between the group with microcephaly and the other groups. A strong negative correlation was seen between the LittlEars ® questionnaire final score and the FFR measurements for the group with microcephaly when compared with the other groups. Conclusion Children exposed to the Zika virus, with and without microcephaly, presented FFR patterns similar to what was seen in children with no evidence of virus exposure. However, they showed signs of immature auditory behavior, suggesting auditory development delay.

scholarly journals COMPLICACIONES EN NEONATOS DE MADRES DIAGNOSTICADAS DE ZIKA EN EL DISTRITO 09D01 ZONAL 8 DE SALUD DE LA CIUDAD DE GUAYAQUIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Marianita Grisela Méndez Caicedo ◽  
Wladimir Alexander Hinojosa Méndez ◽  
Pedro José Dávila Tapia
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Equal Proportion ◽  
Zika Virus Infection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Virus Zika

Introducción: la infección por el virus del Zika es un problema de salud pública por las complicaciones neonatales de moderada y grave severidad. Objetivo: establecer las complicaciones en los neonatos de madres diagnosticadas con Zika. Metodología: investigación cuantitativa, no experimental, descriptiva, con una muestra de 82 neonatos de madres con infección de virus del Zika, datos obtenidos del departamento de estadísticas del Distrito 09D01, durante el periodo enero 2017 a enero 2018, procesados por el software SPSS Estatistics 24.0 para windows, con una distribución numérica y porcentual, con la prueba de T de Student se estableció la significancia estadística (p<0.05). Resultados: En los 82 neonatos de madres infectadas con el virus Zika 52 casos (63,4 %) nacieron por cesárea y 30 casos (36,59 %) por parto vaginal, 76 casos (92,68%) nacieron vivos y 6 casos (7,3%) mortinatos, con igual proporción de neonatos pre-términos y a términos, microcefalia en 13 casos (15,88%), seguido de hiperbilirrubinemia en 5 casos (6,10%) e hipotiroidismo en 3 casos (3,66%), con una diferencia significativa (p<0,05) en la microcefalia en relación a las otras complicaciones. Conclusiones: Se evidenció un predominio en el tipo de parto por cesáreas, aunque diversos consensos internacionales establecen que la infección por el virus Zika o la microcefalia no son indicaciones, por lo que la cesárea se realizará solo por motivos obstétricos exclusivamente. En los neonatos existió igual proporción en la edad gestacional y se evidenciaron complicaciones como microcefalia, hiperbilirrubinemia e hipotiroidismo predominando la microcefalia en relación a las otras complicaciones.  Palabras Clave: Zika; neonatos; gestantes, malformaciones, microcefalia, mortalidad. ABSTRACT Introduction: Zika virus infection is a public health problem due to moderate and severe neonatal complications. Objective: to establish the complications in the neonates of mothers diagnosed with Zika. Methodology: quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive research, with a sample of 82 neonates of mothers with Zika virus infection, data obtained from the statistics department of District 09D01, during the period January 2017 to January 2018, processed by the software SPSS Statistics 24.0 for windows, with a numerical and percentage distribution, with the Student's t test statistical significance was established (p<0.05). Results: In the 82 neonates of mothers infected with the Zika virus, 52 cases (63.4 %) were born by cesarean section and 30 cases (36.59%) by vaginal delivery, 76 cases (92.68%) were born alive and 6 cases (7.3%) were stillborn, with the same proportion of preterm and full term neonates, microcephaly in 13 cases (15.88%), followed by hyperbilirubinemia in 5 cases (6.10%) and hypothyroidism in 3 cases (3.66%), with a significant difference (p<0.05) in microcephaly in relation to the other complications. Conclusions: There was evidence of a predominance in the type of cesarean delivery, although various international consensuses made that infection by the Zika virus or microcephaly are not indications, so that cesarean section is performed only for obstetric reasons exclusively. In neonates there was an equal proportion in gestational age and complications such as microcephaly, hyperbilirubinemia and hypothyroidism were evidenced, with microcephaly predominating in relation to the other complications Keywords: Zika; neonates; pregnant; malformations; microcephaly; the mortality.

Writing in Aphasia Rehabilitation: Cursive vs Manuscript

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Boone ◽  
Harold M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Correct Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Read Aloud ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Manual Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Written Form ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Read Number

Reading and writing performance was observed in 30 adult aphasic patients to determine whether there was a significant difference when stimuli and manual responses were varied in the written form: cursive versus manuscript. Patients were asked to read aloud 10 words written cursively and 10 words written in manuscript form. They were then asked to write on dictation 10 word responses using cursive writing and 10 words using manuscript writing. Number of words correctly read, number of words correctly written, and number of letters correctly written in the proper sequence were tallied for both cursive and manuscript writing tasks for each patient. Results indicated no significant difference in correct response between cursive and manuscript writing style for these aphasic patients as a group; however, it was noted that individual patients varied widely in their success using one writing form over the other. It appeared that since neither writing form showed better facilitation of performance, the writing style used should be determined according to the individual patient’s own preference and best performance.

Multi-Center Study of Thromboplastin Calibration Precision – Influence of Reagent Species, Composition, and International Sensitivity Index (ISI)

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (01) ◽  
pp. 035-040 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M H P van den Besselaar ◽  
R M Bertina
Keyword(s):  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rabbit Brain ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
International Sensitivity Index

SummaryFour thromboplastin reagents were tested by 18 laboratories in Europe, North-America, and Australasia, according to a detailed protocol. One thromboplastin was the International Reference Preparation for ox brain thromboplastin combined with adsorbed bovine plasma (coded OBT/79), and the second was a certified reference material for rabbit brain thromboplastin, plain (coded CRM 149R). The other two thromboplastin reagents were another rabbit plain brain thromboplastin (RP) with a lower ISI than CRM 149R and a rabbit brain thromboplastin combined with adsorbed bovine plasma (RC). Calibration of the latter two reagents was performed according to methods recommended by the World Health Organization (W. H. O.).The purpose of this study was to answer the following questions: 1) Is the calibration of the RC reagent more precise against the bovine/combined (OBT/79) than against the rabbit/plain reagent (CRM 149R)? 2) Is the precision of calibration influenced by the magnitude of the International Sensitivity Index (ISI)?The lowest inter-laboratory variation of ISI was observed in the calibration of the rabbit/plain reagent (RP) against the other rabbit/plain reagent (CRM 149R) (CV 1.6%). The highest interlaboratory variation was obtained in the calibration of rabbit/plain (RP) against bovine/combined (OBT/79) (CV 5.1%). In the calibration of the rabbit/combined (RC) reagent, there was no difference in precision between OBT/79 (CV 4.3%) and CRM 149R (CV 4.2%). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the precision of the ISI of RC obtained with CRM 149R (ISI = 1.343) and the rabbit/plain (RP) reagent with ISI = 1.14. In conclusion, the calibration of RC could be performed with similar precision with either OBT/79 or CRM 149R, or RP.The mean ISI values calculated with OBT/79 and CRM 149R were practically identical, indicating that there is no bias in the ISI of these reference preparations and that these reference preparations have been stable since their original calibration studies in 1979 and 1987, respectively.International Normalized Ratio (INR) equivalents were calculated for a lyophilized control plasma derived from patients treated with oral anticoagulants. There were small but significant differences in the mean INR equivalents between the bovine and rabbit thromboplastins. There were no differences in the interlaboratory variation of the INR equivalents, when the four thromboplastins were compared.

IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIVITY OF INSULIN IN HUMAN SERUM

1966 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Deckert ◽  
Kai R. Jorgensen
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Pancreas ◽  
Porcine Pancreas ◽  
Crystalline Insulin ◽  
Endogenous Insulin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The One

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a difference could be demonstrated between crystalline insulin extracted from normal human pancreas, and crystalline insulin extracted from bovine and porcine pancreas. Using Hales & Randle's (1963) immunoassay no immunological differences could be demonstrated between human and pig insulin. On the other hand, a significant difference was found, between pig and ox insulin. An attempt was also made to determine whether an immunological difference could be demonstrated between crystalline pig insulin and crystalline human insulin from non diabetic subjects on the one hand and endogenous, circulating insulin from normal subjects, obese subjects and diabetic subjects on the other. No such difference was found. From these experiments it is concluded that endogenous insulin in normal, obese and diabetic human sera is immunologically identical with human, crystalline insulin from non diabetic subjects and crystalline pig insulin.

Pengaruh Luka Iris Pada Tikus Dengan Paparan Hidrogen Peroxida 3% terhadap Epitelisasi dan Pembentukan Eksudat pada Permukaan Epitel Kulit.

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
HARMAN AGUSAPUTRA ◽  
MARIA SUGENG ◽  
AYLY SOEKAMTO ◽  
ATIK WULANDARI
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Delayed Wound Healing ◽  
Peroxide Group ◽  
Hemostatic Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Wound Healing Effect ◽  
Epithelial Growth

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong>Background:</strong> Hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) as antiseptic has been used frequently to clean woundsin in hospitals and clinics. Hydrogen peroxide has the effectof strong oxidative that can kill pathogens. It can clean up debris and necrotic tissuesin wounds. Hydrogen peroxidealso has hemostatic effect that can help to stop bleeding. Besides antiseptic effects, hydrogen peroxide i s suspected of having negative effect in wound healing. Hydrogen peroxide presumably could cause delayed wound healing by exudate formation and delayed epithelial growth.</p><p><strong>Method</strong>: This study was conducted in the laboratory using 48 white mice that were divided into 2 groups. All the mice were purposely wounded. Afterwards in one group the wounds were clean up using hydrogen peroxide, while in the other group without hydrogen peroxide as control. The wounds of both groups were observed on day 1, day 3 and day 7. On day 1 and day 3, both groups did not show significant difference.</p><p><strong>R</strong><strong>esult</strong> : on day 7 showed that the wound healing in hydrogen peroxide group were delayed. Fifty percent of them had the formation of exudate and 62.5% of them showed delayed epithelial growth.</p><p><strong>Conclusion </strong>: This study could show hydrogen peroxide as wound antiseptic has delayed wound healing effect.</p><p><strong>Keyword</strong>: hydrogen peroxide, wound healing</p>

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Immediate Bond Strength to Bleached Enamel Following Application of Various Antioxidant Solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 084-089
Author(s):  
Alisha Dhingra ◽  
Ashu Gupta ◽  
Anshu Minocha ◽  
Nayantara Sen
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Grape Seed Extract ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sodium Ascorbate ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the reversal of shear bond strength of composite to bleached enamel immediately after bleaching followed by application of various antioxidant solutions. Material and Methods: Seventy central incisors were divided into seven groups. Groups I and II served as unbleached and bleached controls respectively. Groups III, IV, V, VI and VII served as the experimental groups and were subjected to 37.5% hydrogen peroxide bleaching followed by 10 min application of 10% sodium ascorbate, 25% alpha-tocopherol, 6.5% grape seed extract, 5% lycopene and 5% green tea extract respectively. Following composite bonding, shear bond strength was determined and the results were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons test. Results: The bond strength values for Group I (positive control) were maximum and significantly different than all the other groups except Grape seed extract group (Group V). When compared to Group II (bleached control), all the groups showed significantly higher bond strength. Significant difference in the bond strength values were seen between Group III (10% sodium ascorbate) and Group V. Also values for Group V were significantly different from Group VI (5% lycopene). All the other values showed insignificantly different results. Conclusion: All the antioxidant solutions improved the shear bond strength values after bleaching but only Grape seed extract application reversed the values to the non bleached levels. Lycopene was least effective. Other antioxidants showed comparable results.

scholarly journals Energy Balance Indicators during the Transition Period and Early Lactation of Purebred Holstein and Simmental Cows and Their Crosses

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Deise Aline Knob ◽  
André Thaler Neto ◽  
Helen Schweizer ◽  
Anna C. Weigand ◽  
Roberto Kappes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fat Thickness

Crossbreeding in dairy cattle has been used to improve functional traits, milk composition, and efficiency of Holstein herds. The objective of the study was to compare indicators of the metabolic energy balance, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), glucose, body condition score (BCS) back fat thickness (BFT), as well as milk yield and milk composition of Holstein and Simmental cows, and their crosses from the prepartum period until the 100th day of lactation at the Livestock Center of the Ludwig Maximilians University (Munich, Germany). In total, 164 cows formed five genetic groups according to their theoretic proportion of Holstein and Simmental genes as follows: Holstein (100% Holstein; n = 9), R1-Hol (51–99% Holstein; n = 30), first generation (F1) crossbreds (50% Holstein, 50% Simmental; n = 17), R1-Sim (1–49% Holstein; n = 81) and Simmental (100% Simmental; n = 27). The study took place between April 2018 and August 2019. BCS, BFT blood parameters, such as BHBA, glucose, and NEFA were recorded weekly. A mixed model analysis with fixed effects breed, week (relative to calving), the interaction of breed and week, parity, calving year, calving season, milking season, and the repeated measure effect of cow was used. BCS increased with the Simmental proportion. All genetic groups lost BCS and BFT after calving. Simmental cows showed lower NEFA values. BHBA and glucose did not differ among genetic groups, but they differed depending on the week relative to calving. Simmental and R1-Sim cows showed a smaller effect than the other genetic groups regarding changes in body weight, BCS, or back fat thickness after a period of a negative energy balance after calving. There was no significant difference for milk yield among genetic groups, although Simmental cows showed a lower milk yield after the third week after calving. Generally, Simmental and R1-Simmental cows seemed to deal better with a negative energy balance after calving than purebred Holstein and the other crossbred lines. Based on a positive heterosis effect of 10.06% for energy corrected milk (ECM), the F1, however, was the most efficient crossbred line.

Effects of Different Stocking Densities on Growth, Serum Steroid Hormone Concentrations, Gonadosomatic Index and Sex Reversal in the Rice Field Eel, Monopterus albus (Zuiew)

2011 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 233-237
Author(s):  
Han Wen Yuan ◽  
Fang Chen ◽  
Qiao Qing Xu ◽  
Shi Yuan Gong ◽  
Zhang Jie Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Sex Reversal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Monopterus Albus ◽  
Rice Field Eel ◽  
Significant Difference

The effects of stocking density on various growth parameters and sex reversal in the rice field eel (Monopterus albus) were investigated by evaluating steroid hormone, the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and sex ratio. Fish (mean initial weight of 9.88 ± 0.70 g) were stocked to densities of 4, 20, 36, 52, 68, 84 or 100 fish/m2 in cages (2 m × 1 m × 1.5 m) in a pond, with five replicate cages for each density. Fish were fed for 420 days on a formulated isocaloric diet containing 40.22% crude protein and 12.86 MJ/kg. Serum E2 and T concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassays. There were no significant differences in final bodyweight (FBW) and daily weight gain (DWG) for fish in the groups containing less than 52 fish/m2, while FBW and DWG were significant lower in groups at 68 fish/m2 or more. Specific growth rate (SGR) differed significantly between the 84 and 100 fish/m2 groups compared with the 4, 20 and 36 fish/m2 groups. There was no significant difference in SGR in groups containing less than 84 fish/m2. There were no significant difference between the 4 and 20 fish/m2 groups in net yield (NY), but these groups did differ significantly from the other groups. The final condition factors of fish stocked at 84 or 100 fish/m2 were significantly lower than fish stocked at the other densities. E2 and T hormone concentrations declined as stocking density increased, while GSI values increased initially but then reduced with increasing stocking density. Female ratio and survival decreased with increasing stocking density. The proportion of male fish was significantly greater in the three highest stocking density groups. Therefore, high stocking density may promote sex change from female to male in M. albus.

scholarly journals Frequency-Following Response (FFR) in Military Pilots

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziela Maria Martins-Moreira ◽  
Alessandra Spada Durante
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Aircraft Accidents ◽  
Frequency Following Response ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
The Right ◽  
Military Pilots

Abstract Introduction Good hearing in pilots, including central auditory skills, is critical for flight safety and the prevention of aircraft accidents. Pure tone audiometry alone may not be enough to assess hearing in the members of this population who, in addition to high noise levels, routinely face speech recognition tasks in non-ideal conditions. Objective To characterize the frequency-following response (FFR) of a group of military pilots compared with a control group. Methods Twenty military pilots in the Study Group and 20 non-pilot military personnel, not exposed to noise in their work, in the Control Group, all with normal hearing, aged between 30 and 40 years old, completed a questionnaire to assess their hearing habits, and their FFRs were measured with a /da/ syllable (duration 40 milliseconds, speed 10.9/s), at 80 dB NA in the right ear. All procedures were approved by the ethical committee of the institution. Statistical analysis was performed using the t-Student or Mann-Whitney tests for quantitative variables, and the Fisher or chi-squared tests for qualitative variables, and a value of p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results There was no significant difference between the groups regarding auditory habits. In the FFR, wave amplitudes A (p = 0.01) and C (p = 0.04) were significantly lower in the Study Group. Conclusion Working as a military pilot can be a crucial factor in determining an individual's typical FFR pattern, demonstrated in the present study by statistically significant reductions in the amplitudes of the A and C waves.

Effectiveness of Virtual Resilience Training on Assertiveness in Student Girls Aged 9–10 Years: A 1-Month Follow-Up

2021 ◽  
pp. 105984052110135
Author(s):  
Shima Gadari ◽  
Jamile Farokhzadian ◽  
Parvin Mangolian Shahrbabaki
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Internal Stress ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Emotional Instability ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Resilience Training

Girls between the ages of 9 and 10 begin to experience physical, physiological, and hormonal changes that may lead to internal stress. At this age, children are struggling for autonomy; on the other hand, they may experience emotional instability, and for these reasons, they may be vulnerable in many ways. This experimental study aimed to investigate the effect of resilience training on assertiveness in student girls aged 9–10. Data were collected before, immediately after, and 1 month after the intervention in the control ( n = 40) and intervention ( n = 37) groups. There was a significant difference between the assertiveness of the intervention immediately (26.80 ± 3.73) and 1 month after the intervention (27.05 ± 3.73), and assertiveness significantly increased in the intervention group ( p = .0001). Resilience training leads to improvements in assertiveness in student girls aged 9–10.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document