scholarly journals Positioning on the Use of Polyols as Table Sweeteners

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. e71-e80
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Nogueira-de-Almeida ◽  
Durval Ribas Filho
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Calorie Content ◽  
Dental Cavities

AbstractPolyols are poorly digestible carbohydrates present in small amounts in some fruits and vegetables. Xylitol and erythritol are used as table sweeteners. These compounds are widely used in the food industry due to their low-calorie content. Erythritol is the only noncaloric polyol. Xylitol is the sweetest of the polyols, being the only one with sweetness equivalent to sucrose, but with one third of its calories. Clinical studies have shown reductions in the number of plaques, in counts of Streptococcus mutans, and in the number of dental cavities in individuals receiving erythritol and xylitol. Xylitol is also capable of reducing the growth and adherence to the oropharynx of bacteria that cause acute otitis media, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, and several studies have shown that it reduces the risk of this bacterial infection in children. In addition to these effects, polyols can also have beneficial effects on metabolism. Both erythritol and xylitol have been approved by the European Union for use as sweeteners for several years, and replacing sugar with polyols decreases caloric intake, which can reduce body weight and blood glucose in individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The safety of polyols is recognized by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), who classifies them as compounds generally recognized as safe (GRAS). Thus, based on available scientific data, the daily consumption of both substances is associated with several benefits and does not represent any risk to human health.

scholarly journals Effect of synbiotic bread containing lactic acid on glycemic indicators, biomarkers of antioxidant status and inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atie Ghafouri ◽  
Mitra Zarrati ◽  
Farzad Shidfar ◽  
Iraj Heydari ◽  
Raheleh Shokouhi Shoormasti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Glycemic Status ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background The aim of this randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial was to investigate the effect of daily consumption of a synbiotic bread containing lactic acid on glycemic status, antioxidant biomarkers and inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods T2D patients, aged 20 to 60 years, were randomly assigned to consume synbiotic + lactic acid (n = 30), synbiotic (n = 30), lactic acid (n = 30), or control (n = 30) bread for 8 weeks. Patients consumed bread 3 times a day in a 40 g package for a total of 120 g/day. Glycemic status, antioxidant capacity, and serum hs-CRP were assessed before and after the intervention. Results Of a total of 120 patients that were included in the study, 100 completed the trial. In the adjusted analysis, it was found that consumption of synbiotic + lactic acid bread caused a significant decrease in HbA1c compared to the control bread (− 0.41 ± 0.33 vs 0.004 ± 0.10%, respectively; P < 0.001), while it significantly increased serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) (0.87 ± 1.14 vs. 0.18 ± 0.85 mmol/L, P = 0.02). Also, changes in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were significantly higher following the consumption of synbiotic + lactic acid bread than lactic acid bread. However, it had no significant effect on fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin, and total antioxidant capacity. Conclusion Overall, daily consumption of a synbiotic bread containing lactic acid for 8 weeks had beneficial effects on HbA1c, SOD, and GSH-Px among T2D patients. Trial registration This study was registered in Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials with number: IRCT201505242709N33 (Registration date: 2015-11-23, http://www.irct.ir/trial/2544)

Biological therapy of allergic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Elena S. Fedenko ◽  
Olga G. Elisyutina ◽  
Natalia I. Il`ina
Keyword(s):  
Biological Therapy ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Biological Therapies ◽  
Active Infection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Type 2 Immune Response ◽  
Antiviral Medications

The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2-induced Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic started in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, continued to spread across the globe and spanned 188 countries. Under the new circumstances treatment approach for T2 allergic diseases such as asthma, chronic hives, atopic dermatitis, and sinusitis with polyps has been changed. In the past years, new biological therapies monoclonal antibodies for these diseases have been developed targeting different aspects of the type 2 immune response. New knowledge on the COVID-19 disease course raises many issues around the safety of biologicals in patients with active infection, as well as their interactions with antiviral medications. In Russia new biological therapies entered clinical practice but its effectiveness and safety still are not known. This newsletter is based on Considerations on Biologicals for Patients with allergic disease in times of the COVID-19 pandemic: an EAACI Statement and the latest scientific data.

scholarly journals The Impact of a Produce Prescription Programme on Healthy Food Purchasing and Diabetes-Related Health Outcomes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Julian Xie ◽  
Ashley Price ◽  
Neal Curran ◽  
Truls Østbye
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Grocery Store ◽  
Diabetes Control ◽  
Food Purchasing ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Expenditure Share ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective: To evaluate a Produce Prescription Programme’s utilisation, and its effects on healthy food purchasing and diabetes control among participants with type 2 diabetes. Design: Prospective cohort study using participants’ electronic health records (EHR) and food transaction data. Participants were categorized as “Frequent Spenders” and “Sometimes Spenders” based on utilisation frequency. Multivariate regressions assessed utilisation predictors; and programme effects on fruit/vegetable purchasing (spending, expenditure share, variety) and on diabetes-related outcomes (HbA1c, BMI, blood pressure). Setting: Patients enrolled by clinics in Durham, North Carolina, USA. Participants received $40 monthly for fruits and vegetables at a grocery store chain. Subjects: 699 food-insecure participants (353 with diabetes). Results: Being female and older was associated with higher programme utilisation; hospitalisations were negatively associated with programme utilisation. Frequent Spender status was associated with $8.77 more in fruit/vegetable spending (p < 0.001), 3.3% increase in expenditure share (p = 0.007), and variety increase of 2.52 fruits and vegetables (p < 0.001). For $10 of Produce Prescription Dollars spent, there was an $8.00 increase in fruit/vegetable spending (p < 0.001), 4.1% increase in expenditure share, and variety increase of 2.3 fruits/vegetables (p < 0.001). For the 353 participants with diabetes, there were no statistically significant relationships between programme utilisation and diabetes control. Conclusions: Programme utilisation was associated with healthier food purchasing, but the relatively short study period and modest intervention prevent making conclusions about health outcomes. Produce Prescription Programmes can increase healthy food purchasing among food-insecure people, which may improve chronic disease care.

scholarly journals Impact of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Heart Failure: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5863
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Palmiero ◽  
Arturo Cesaro ◽  
Erica Vetrano ◽  
Pia Clara Pafundi ◽  
Raffaele Galiero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Intracellular Sodium ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Glucose Transporter 2 ◽  
Function Impairment

Heart failure (HF) affects up to over 20% of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), even more in the elderly. Although, in T2DM, both hyperglycemia and the proinflammatory status induced by insulin resistance are crucial in cardiac function impairment, SGLT2i cardioprotective mechanisms against HF are several. In particular, these beneficial effects seem attributable to the significant reduction of intracellular sodium levels, well-known to exert a cardioprotective role in the prevention of oxidative stress and consequent cardiomyocyte death. From a molecular perspective, patients’ exposure to gliflozins’ treatment mimics nutrient and oxygen deprivation, with consequent autophagy stimulation. This allows to maintain the cellular homeostasis through different degradative pathways. Thus, since their introduction in the clinical practice, the hypotheses on SGLT2i mechanisms of action have changed: from simple glycosuric drugs, with consequent glucose lowering, erythropoiesis enhancing and ketogenesis stimulating, to intracellular sodium-lowering molecules. This provides their consequent cardioprotective effect, which justifies its significant reduction in CV events, especially in populations at higher risk. Finally, the updated clinical evidence of SGLT2i benefits on HF was summarized. Thus, this review aimed to analyze the cardioprotective mechanisms of sodium glucose transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in patients with HF, as well as their clinical impact on cardiovascular events.

scholarly journals Impact of Dietary Flavanols on Microbiota, Immunity and Inflammation in Metabolic Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 850
Author(s):  
María Ángeles Martín ◽  
Sonia Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Immunological Reactions ◽  
And Function ◽  
Positive Properties

Flavanols are natural occurring polyphenols abundant in fruits and vegetables to which have been attributed to beneficial effects on health, and also against metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome. These positive properties have been associated to the modulation of different molecular pathways, and importantly, to the regulation of immunological reactions (pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, nuclear factor-κB [NF-κB], inducible enzymes), and the activity of cells of the immune system. In addition, flavanols can modulate the composition and function of gut microbiome in a prebiotic-like manner, resulting in the positive regulation of metabolic pathways and immune responses, and reduction of low-grade chronic inflammation. Moreover, the biotransformation of flavanols by gut bacteria increases their bioavailability generating a number of metabolites with potential to affect human metabolism, including during metabolic diseases. However, the exact mechanisms by which flavanols act on the microbiota and immune system to influence health and disease remain unclear, especially in humans where these connections have been scarcely explored. This review seeks to summarize recent advances on the complex interaction of flavanols with gut microbiota, immunity and inflammation focus on metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Diabetes, Antidiabetic Medications and Cancer Risk in Type 2 Diabetes: Focus on SGLT-2 Inhibitors

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1680
Author(s):  
Mariusz Dąbrowski
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Increasing Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity ◽  
Increased Activity

In the last decade, cancer became the leading cause of death in the population under 65 in the European Union. Diabetes is also considered as a factor increasing risk of cancer incidence and mortality. Type 2 diabetes is frequently associated with being overweight and obese, which also plays a role in malignancy. Among biological mechanisms linking diabetes and obesity with cancer hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, increased levels of growth factors, steroid and peptide hormones, oxidative stress and increased activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines are listed. Antidiabetic medications can modulate cancer risk through directly impacting metabolism of cancer cells as well as indirectly through impact on risk factors of malignancy. Some of them are considered beneficial (metformin and thiazolidinedions—with the exception of bladder cancer); on the other hand, excess of exogenous insulin may be potentially harmful, while other medications seem to have neutral impact on cancer risk. Inhibitors of the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) are increasingly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, their association with cancer risk is unclear. The aim of this review was to analyze the anticancer potential of this class of drugs, as well as risks of site-specific malignancies associated with their use.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Canagliflozin in Combination with Pioglitazone on Insulin Sensitivity in Rodent Models of Obese Type 2 Diabetes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e0116851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Watanabe ◽  
Keiko Nakayama ◽  
Nobuhiko Taniuchi ◽  
Yasushi Horai ◽  
Chiaki Kuriyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Beneficial Effects

scholarly journals A comparison of the effect of glitazones on serum sialic acid in patients with type 2 diabetes

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inayat ur Rahman ◽  
Muhammad Idrees ◽  
Mohammad Salman ◽  
Rooh Ullah Khan ◽  
MI Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Diabetes Therapy ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Hba1 C ◽  
Serum Sialic Acid ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Cv Disease

Although management of hyperglycaemia represents one of the principal treatment goals of diabetes therapy, the high incidence of cardiovascular (CV) complications in diabetes also needs effective management. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine and compare the effect of glitazones on serum sialic acid (SSA), a known risk marker for CV disease, along with fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycohaemoglobin (HbA1-c) and blood lipids, in overweight, previously only diet-treated patients with type 2 diabetes ( n=60). The study was conducted for a period of 12 months. Significant improvement in FPG and HbA1-c were shown by both rosiglitazone ( p<0.003 and p<0.001, respectively) and pioglitazone ( p<0.005 and p<0.001, respectively), compared with baseline, and pioglitazone showed greater beneficial effects on other parameters monitored, significantly reducing total cholesterol (TC) ( p≤0.05). Both the drugs showed a decrease in SSA and no significant differences were observed between the groups. However, the decrease was significant only in the pioglitazone-treated group at month 12 ( p≤0.05), compared with baseline. A significant decrease in SSA by pioglitazone indicates its greater cardioprotective effect compared with rosiglitazone.

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