scholarly journals The Lip Repositioning Surgery: A Review of the Technique's Evolution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Gonzales-Medina ◽  
Andrea Mendoza-Geng ◽  
Andrea Vergara-Buenaventura
Keyword(s):  
Scar Formation ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Subperiosteal Dissection ◽  
Time Restrictions ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Improve Stability ◽  
Gummy Smile

AbstractThe lip repositioning technique (LRT) is considered a safe and predictable gummy smile (GS) treatment. However, since Rubinstein and Kostianovsky introduced it in 1973, it has undergone several modifications. This article aims to review and provide a historical compilation of LRT evolution to help clinicians understand each technique's description and the rationale for its modifications to treat GS.An electronic search was performed in Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane Library up to May 2021 including the terms “lip repositioning,” “lip repositioning technique,” or “lip repositioning surgery” and studies evaluating or discussing the original LRT's modifications in detail. The search had no language or time restrictions. Additionally, a hand-searching of references of all included articles was performed.Modifications described in the literature include muscle severance, subperiosteal dissection of the gingiva, frenectomies, and the use of adjuvant products. They aim to minimize relapse, morbidity, and improve stability. Discomfort, scar formation, and pain were the most frequent complications reported. The choice to use a modification should be analyzed and customized to the individual patient's needs.

Barriers and facilitators to conducting research by early career psychiatrists: a literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-154
Author(s):  
Katja Koelkebeck ◽  
Maja Pantovic Stefanovic ◽  
Dorota Frydecka ◽  
Claudia Palumbo ◽  
Olivier Andlauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Participation ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Research Career ◽  
Hand Search ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
To Receive

AbstractObjectivesTo understand and identify factors that promote and prevent research participation among early career psychiatrists (ECPs), in order to understand what would encourage more ECPs to pursue a research career.MethodsWe conducted an electronic search of databases (PubMed and the Cochrane library) using the keywords ‘doctors’, ‘trainees’, ‘residents’, ‘physicians’ and ‘psychiatric trainees’ as well as ‘research’ (MeSH) and ‘publishing’ (MeSH). This search was complemented by a secondary hand search.ResultsWe identified 524 articles, of which 16 fulfilled inclusion criteria for this review. The main barriers included lack of dedicated time for research, lack of mentoring and lack of funding. The main facilitators were opportunities to receive mentorship and access to research funding.ConclusionsAction is needed to counteract the lack of ECPs interested in a career in research. Specific programs encouraging ECPs to pursue research careers and having access to mentors could help increase the current numbers of researching clinicians in the field.

scholarly journals Impact of Vibration on the Levels of Biomarkers: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 030157422110195
Author(s):  
Ashish Agrawal ◽  
TM Chou
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Proquest Dissertation

Introduction: The objective of this systematic review is to assess the effect of vibrational force on biomarkers for orthodontic tooth movement. Methods: An electronic search was conducted for relevant studies (up to December 31, 2020) on the following databases: Pubmed, Google scholar, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wiley Library, and ProQuest Dissertation Abstracts and Thesis database. Hand searching of selected orthodontic journals was also undertaken. The selected studies were assessed for the risk of bias in Cochrane collaboration risk of bias tool. The “traffic plot” and “weighted plot” risk of bias distribution are designed in the RoB 2 tool. The 2 authors extracted the data and analyzed it. Results: Six studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The risks of biases were high for 4, low and some concern for other 2 studies. The biomarkers, medium, device, frequency and duration of device, as well as other data were extracted. The outcomes of the studies were found to be heterogenous. Conclusion: One study showed highly statistically significant levels of IL-1 beta with <.001. Rate of tooth movement was correlated with levels of released biomarkers under the influence of vibrational force in 3 studies, but it was found to be significant only in 1 study. It was further observed that vibration does not have any significant reduction in pain and discomfort.

scholarly journals Accuracy and Feasibility of Clinically Applied Frailty Instruments before Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie D. Aucoin ◽  
Mike Hao ◽  
Raman Sohi ◽  
Julia Shaw ◽  
Itay Bentov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Clinical Frailty Scale ◽  
Frailty Phenotype ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Instrument Level

Background A barrier to routine preoperative frailty assessment is the large number of frailty instruments described. Previous systematic reviews estimate the association of frailty with outcomes, but none have evaluated outcomes at the individual instrument level or specific to clinical assessment of frailty, which must combine accuracy with feasibility to support clinical practice. Methods The authors conducted a preregistered systematic review (CRD42019107551) of studies prospectively applying a frailty instrument in a clinical setting before surgery. Medline, Excerpta Medica Database, Cochrane Library and the Comprehensive Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Cochrane databases were searched using a peer-reviewed strategy. All stages of the review were completed in duplicate. The primary outcome was mortality and secondary outcomes reflected routinely collected and patient-centered measures; feasibility measures were also collected. Effect estimates were pooled using random-effects models or narratively synthesized. Risk of bias was assessed. Results Seventy studies were included; 45 contributed to meta-analyses. Frailty was defined using 35 different instruments; five were meta-analyzed, with the Fried Phenotype having the largest number of studies. Most strongly associated with: mortality and nonfavorable discharge was the Clinical Frailty Scale (odds ratio, 4.89; 95% CI, 1.83 to 13.05 and odds ratio, 6.31; 95% CI, 4.00 to 9.94, respectively); complications was associated with the Edmonton Frail Scale (odds ratio, 2.93; 95% CI, 1.52 to 5.65); and delirium was associated with the Frailty Phenotype (odds ratio, 3.79; 95% CI, 1.75 to 8.22). The Clinical Frailty Scale had the highest reported measures of feasibility. Conclusions Clinicians should consider accuracy and feasibility when choosing a frailty instrument. Strong evidence in both domains support the Clinical Frailty Scale, while the Fried Phenotype may require a trade-off of accuracy with lower feasibility. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Comunicare con il bambino malato: la preparazione all'intervento chirurgico e il ricovero in ospedale. Una rassegna della letteratura empirica

2009 ◽  
pp. 47-66
Author(s):  
Claudia Bonomo ◽  
Carlo A. Clerici
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Threatening Situation ◽  
Medical Process ◽  
Data Banks

- Through the analysis of the literature about the subject of hospitalization and surgery in paediatric field, the objective of this work is to individualize some effective technique of communication with child to reduce anxiety associated with medical process and surgery, and to identify main factors that affect the child's answer to this communication. The considered literature was found by data banks PsycInfo, Medline and Cochrane Library and includes empirical studies on the theme of child communication during hospitalization. The studies suggest that giving to a child some explanation with a language appropriated to the age could reduces the anxiety for an unfamiliar environment, helps him to elaborate the information on the illness and on the hospital and to cooperate with the treatments. A good communication could allow the child to manage worry and to activate some thought about threatening situation in advance, this permits to activate some defense mechanisms and some resources to face the illness. Nevertheless, some studies show how the thecniques to reduce the anxiety are not always useful to lower the stress. This could depend on the age, on different coping styles and on the individual difference of the response to the stress situation. The communication with child about the subject of hospitalization and surgery is historically considered from clinic and dynamic area, but remains object of a poor number of empirical studies. Academy education and vocational training are also limitated for the health worker that takes care of this kind of patients.

Evaluation of the Impacts of Chemotherapeutics on Odontogenesis Process: Findings from a Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (03) ◽  
pp. 210-218
Author(s):  
Camila Valente Smith ◽  
Grazyelle Sebrenski da Silva ◽  
Felipe Rodolfo Pereira da Silva ◽  
José Fernando Marques Barcellos ◽  
Silvânia da Conceição Furtado
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Oncology Patient ◽  
Therapeutic Protocol ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThis study aimed to examine and recognize the impacts of antinoplastic chemotherapeutics on the development of dental germ, employing a systematic review. A retrieving in the literature was carried out, using several medical and scientifical databases (ClinicalKey, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, MedLine, PubMed, and ScienceDirect), by two investigators separately. In the end of this systematic search, eight articles met the required criteria for inclusion and, therefore, composed the results. Among these, four articles are about observational studies in humans, and the other four about experimental animal studies. In both cases and species, anomalies such as microdontia, hypodontia/agenesia, and root shortening were observed. The severity and frequency varied according to the nature of the chemotherapeutics applied as well as the administered dosage and the patient's age at the time of first exposure. Through the results, it was possible to show the direct impacts of chemotherapy on the odontogenesis process as well as factors such as the type of chemotherapy, the age of the individual at the time of first exposure and the dosage used. All of those should be taken into account when choosing a therapeutic protocol for an oncology patient. Besides, we observed the need for more studies in this area and that these should be standardized in order to allow an objective and direct analysis of comparable parameters, even when different approaches are used.

scholarly journals Pilates for breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 1006-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Costa Espíndula ◽  
Gabriella Barbosa Nadas ◽  
Maria Inês da Rosa ◽  
Charlie Foster ◽  
Florentino Cardoso de Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Diagnosis Method ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Complementary Intervention

Summary Introduction: Breast cancer is the leading type of cancer causing death in women worldwide. The incidence of the disease is expected to grow worldwide due to the aging of the population and risk factors related to lifestyle behaviors. Considering the lifestyle of women with breast cancer before or after surgery, pilates exercise may be a complementary intervention additionally to standard treatment. Objective: To analyze the efficacy of pilates compared to other exercises and to no exercise for women with breast cancer diagnosis. Method: We searched Medline via Pubmed, Embase via Ovid, Amed via EBSCO, Biosis via Ovid, Lilacs and the Cochrane Library for relevant publications until March 2017. The keywords used were pilates and “breast cancer,” and only randomized controlled trials were included. Critical appraisal was done using Risk of Bias Tool and GRADE score for assessing the quality of evidence. Results: A total of five studies were included in our review. Our results demonstrate that pilates or home-based exercises are better than no exercise in each individual study. We observed significant improvements in the pilates groups compared to home-based exercises. Additionally, in the individual studies, we observed improvements in range of motion, pain and fatigue. Conclusion: The evidence shows that pilates or home-based exercise should be encouraged to women with breast cancer.

Adesão dos profissionais de saúde ás precauções-padrão: uma revisão integretiva da literatura

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1042
Author(s):  
Milene Dias Ferreira ◽  
Vivian Stefani Godoy ◽  
Luiza Tayar Facchin ◽  
Renata Cristina de Campos Pereira Silveira ◽  
Helena Megumi Sonobe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Health Personnel ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
National Library ◽  
Standard Precautions ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

Objective: to identify and assess the available evidences in the literature about factors that interfere with the adherence of the health workers to standard precautions. Methods: this is an integrative literature review, conducted through electronic search of articles in the following databases: PubMed, digital archive produced by the National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (LILACS), EMBASE and COCHRANE Library, published between 1999 and 2008. In total, 14 articles were analyzed. Results: the analysis of articles identified a variety of factors that can interfere positively or negatively with the adherence of health workers to standard precautions. Most (13/14) were classified as evidence level 6, since they were descriptive articles. Reasons were grouped in three categories: factors related to individuals, to institutions and to the process of work. Conclusion: although the present study does not provide strong scientific evidences, it permitted the identification of a group of variables that should be better researched in analytical and experimental studies, which can support in a more concrete way the improvement of the levels of adherence of health workers to standard precautions. Descriptors: health personnel; guideline adherence; universal precautions.

scholarly journals INVASIVENESS OF PHARMACOKINETIC STUDIES IN CHILDREN–A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2015 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. e1.56-e1
Author(s):  
Mohammed Altamimi ◽  
Helen Sammons ◽  
Imti Choonara
Keyword(s):  
Sample Volume ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Individual Sample ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Individual

ObjectivesTo compare the invasiveness of recent pharmacokinetic (PK) studies with older studies. The extent of this will be evaluated by analysing the number of samples and volume of blood collected in each study.MethodsA systematic literature review was performed to identify papers describing number of samples and volume of blood collected in studies of children (aged 0–18 years). The following databases were searched: Medline (1946 to May 2014), Embase (1974 to May 2014), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970 to May 2014), CINAHL and Cochrane library. The keywords were “preterm neonate*” OR term neonate*” OR “neonate*” OR “new-born*” OR “child*” OR children OR “p*ediatric* OR “infant*” OR “adolescent*” AND “pharmacokinetic*” OR blood OR plasma OR specimen OR serum OR blood sampling OR blood sample*. Patients were grouped according to the guidelines of the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH), i.e. preterm neonates, term neonates, infants (28 days-under 2 years), children (2–11 years) and adolescents (12−≤18 years).ResultsA total of 501 paediatric PK studies were identified between 1974 and 2014. Eighty eight studies were conducted between 1980 and 1990 (old studies), while 193 were conducted between 2004 and 2014 (new studies). Significantly more blood samples per child were collected in the old (median 8 [IQR: 6–11]) versus the new studies (median 7 [IQR: 5–9]) (p=0.002). In children the frequency of blood sampling was significantly higher in old studies (median 9 [IQR: 7–12]) compared to new studies (p=0.0002), but in the other age categories, there were no significant differences. There was no significant difference in the individual sample volume collected at each time point between two periods (p=0.913). However the total volume of blood collected for the study was significantly more in the old period (median=14 ml IQR [4.5–27.5 ml]) than in the new studies (median=11 ml, IQR [6–18 ml]) (p=0.040).ConclusionsSignificantly more blood samples and larger total volumes of blood were taken in the old studies compared to new PK studies involving children. No major difference in the individual sample volume was seen.

scholarly journals Prognostic awareness in advanced cancer: an integrative literature review

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2020-002287
Author(s):  
Sara Mone ◽  
Helen Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
English Language ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Informed Decisions ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Life Trajectory ◽  
The Individual

Individuals with advanced cancer who have accurate prognostic awareness are reported to make more informed decisions about their plan of care. Despite this, it is reported that individuals do not always have accurate prognostic awareness with the rationale for this discordance unclear. The primary aim of the integrative literature review was to identify if there is concordance between actual prognosis and accurate prognostic awareness in individuals with advanced cancer. The secondary aim was to identify the rationale for any discordance between actual prognosis and prognostic awareness in individuals with advanced cancer. This is an integrative literature review using a systematic approach. Literature searches were undertaken in March 2018 in four databases; CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library. Searches were limited to between 2008 and 2018 and those written in the English language. Database searches were supplemented with papers from reference lists of included papers and grey literature. Two reviewers independently completed the literature search and independently reviewed the papers. Fourteen eligible research papers were identified. The majority of individuals with advanced cancer in the included studies did not have accurate prognostic awareness. When identified, the rationale for discordance relates to the individual not being communicated accurate prognostic information, not being able to recall prognostic conversations or prognosis being discussed in vague terms. As individuals with advanced cancer with accurate prognostic awareness make more informed decisions at a crucial time in their life trajectory, it is imperative that healthcare professionals are equipped to effectively deliver accurate prognostic information, ensuring understanding is assessed.

scholarly journals Controversial problems of Vitamin D receptor genetic polymorphism in patients with bronchial asthma

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 174-180
Author(s):  
Olha Yakovleva ◽  
Olha Nikolova
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Russian Science Citation Index ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual

The review presents information on variants of Vitamin D receptor’s genetic polymorphism, ensuring the direct physiolo­gical effects of the Vitamin via stimulation of nuclear cellular me­chanisms. The article was aimed at raising awareness of the glo­bal scientific advances in the field of Vitamin D receptor’s genetic polymorphism and its association with bronchopulmonary patho­logy in various regions of the planet. The search of scientific refe­rences was carried out in the Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Pubmed, ResearchGate, Russian Science Citation Index (RINC) information databases. The regulatory potential of the Vitamin D active hormonal effects in the bronchopulmonary patho­logy, especially in bronchial asthma (BA), remains unclear in terms of its pathogenetic links. Individual alleles inherent in the receptor genetics were studied, primarily in children with BA across the world. The results were compared as to levels of Vitamin D supplementation, BA symptoms and course The divergences were found in the four variants of alleles: Fok1, Apal, BsmI, TaqI. Those divergences prevail in the individual ethnic populations, limiting our capacities of drawing unambiguous conclusions, although the relationship between the course of BA and the deficient Vitamin’s status remains predominant. It is necessary to widen the database prospectively, to clarify the genetic variants of all the components involved in the metabolism and the Vitamin’s effects (transporter proteins, cytochrome P450 and vitamin D receptor) while the research geography is also expanding in the world.

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