scholarly journals Trust, Efficient Contracting and Export Upgrading

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Ndubuisi ◽  
Solomon Owusu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Difference Method ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Quality Upgrading ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Industry Level Data

AbstractInformal contracting institutions constitute an essential part of a country’s overall contracting institution, however, the nascent literature examining the effect of contracting institutions on the quality of products a country produces and exports, have paid a limited attention on the role of informal contracting institutions. We fill this gap in the literature by examining whether higher trust levels, as an informal contracting institution, leads to product-quality upgrading by reducing contractual frictions and opportunistic behaviors. Using industry-level data spanning 1995–2014, we examined this relationship using the generalized difference-in-difference method. We find that contract-intensive industries in trust-intensive societies experience a disproportionally higher increase in the production and export of higher-quality products compared to those industries in low-trusting societies. This result holds after controlling for conventional sources of comparative advantage and formal contracting institution. Hence, the result underscores the importance of informal contracting institutions for improved economic performance and stress the crucial fact that countries with strong and efficient informal institutions can still benefit in market-related activities even in the presence of weak formal institutions.

Tourist scams in the city: challenges for domestic travellers in urban China

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Philip Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Social Situation ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
The City ◽  
Directing Attention

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify dominant scams against domestic tourists in popular tourism cities in China. There are two questions of concern: what types of scams do domestic tourists experience and are the patterns of scams different between the capital and regional cities? The social situation framework was employed to interpret the outcomes. Design/methodology/approach A content analysis facilitated by Leximancer software was applied to 102 Chinese travel blogs reporting experiences of being scammed in Beijing, Hangzhou, Xi’an, Sanya and Guilin. Clear themes and concepts emerged from the analysis of these travel reviews and differences in scamming patterns between Beijing and regional cities were identified. Findings The most frequently reported scams in the capital Beijing were linked to the chaotic environment at tourist attractions and the misbehaviours of tour agents. By way of contrast scams involving manipulating the weight and quality of products purchased were more common in regional cities. The differences between Beijing and other locations may lie in the greater monitoring of fraudulent practices in the capital. Additionally, the role of shills (confederates of the scammer) was highlighted in many of the scams studied. Originality/value Scams include a slightly less serious but still troublesome set of problems accompanying major crimes and assaults. Rare research specifically focussed on tourist scams despite substantive work discussing crimes against tourists as general. Implications of the present study lie in enriching the literature on scams against tourists. The analysis of scams as a special type of social situation proved to be insightful in directing attention to facets of the interaction thus providing connections to previous work and directions for further study. It is also promising to be developed to inform strategic approaches to creating a safer tourism environment in cities.

scholarly journals Analyzing Students with Special Needs' Sense of Humor in Emerald School South Jakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Helda Jolanda Pentury ◽  
Itsar Bolo Rangka
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Children With Special Needs ◽  
Students With Special Needs ◽  
Sense Of Humor ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social

This study collates the current state of knowledge regarding the sense of humor attitude in the social interactions among children with special needs, which aims to explore the current state of knowledge and quality of empirical evidence relating to humor among children with special needs. In the study there were involved 78 students of Emerald School of Cinere in South Jakarta. There were more over 20% students in normal condition and students with special needs were 80%. Research had assessed humor in the classroom and humor expression in different groups including those with autism, down syndrome, and other special needs. This study was designed by using the descriptive qualitative method to analyze, describe, and explain the data. The procedure of data collection was done by observation and filled the questionnaire of the Richmond Humor Assessment Instrument (RHAI). The result of the study showed that there were 47, 08% of favorable criteria, and 52, 92% of unfavorable ones. Based on gender, more boys answered favorable criteria compared to girls. Moreover, boys were dare to express their senses of humor than the girls. The girls showed their shynesses to express their sense of humor. The results of the study showed that the children with special needs in Emerald school had less sense of humor. Furthermore, the role of humor in communication development, social facilitation, creativity, and stigma had all received some limited attention among children with special needs in Emerald School, South Jakarta.

scholarly journals Drivers of Customer Centricity: Role of Environmental-level, Organization-level and Department-level Variables

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Goran Vlašić ◽  
Emanuel Tutek
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Capabilities ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Organization Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
Customer Centricity ◽  
Environmental Level

Abstract Customer centricity is gaining importance as companies are gaining access to increasing amount and quality of individual-level data on identifiable customers. However, efforts to enhance customer centricity often face challenges as they imply organization-wide effort. This paper explores the role of environment-level factors, organization-level factors (in terms of structure, influence and culture) and department-level factors (in terms of integration, power and capabilities) in driving customer centricity of a firm. Results indicate that, while within-category competition stimulates customer centricity, the cross-category competitive intensity limits it. Moreover, marketing competences exhibit highly significant impact which even diminishes the role of inter-departmental integration. Lastly, results show that firms with high level of marketing capabilities and the right culture (in terms of tolerance for failure and availability of slack resources) are likely to exhibit higher levels of customer centricity.

scholarly journals The role of SMES’ market orientation in developing countries: a general investigation in four countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Farika Nikmah ◽  
Sudarmiatin ◽  
Cipto Wardoyo ◽  
Agus Hermawan ◽  
Budi Eko Soetjipto
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Market Orientation ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Access To Finance ◽  
General Investigation ◽  
High Investment ◽  
The Government ◽  
Quality Of Products

SMEs are limited in their business development. This study is built on previous research conducted in four developing countries (Nigeria, South Africa, Turkey and India). It is difficult to access a bank to get a loan, they have no understanding of how to produce quality products or services, and they have no awareness to get used to learning; these are the problems faced by SMEs.The goal of this study is to find out market-oriented strategies to achieve performance in SMEs that are often ignored because they are too expensive. Review papers were used in order to get the stated aim. This study found out that market orientation is not carried out by most SMEs. There are high investment costs for this. Market orientation cannot always guarantee the success of their business. Problem solving was chosen as a strategy in an effort to make market orientation roles more visible, like easy access to finance, awareness of the quality of products and services they produce, and the habit of continuing to learn. The government, along with SME owners and other interested parties, makes some appropriate formulations to strengthen the position of SMEs as a driving force of the economy. It was concluded that SMEs must obtain special policies regarding the ease of financing from banks, availability of training organized by the government to raise knowledge of quality and awareness to always learn, and enabling SMEs to compete with large companies.

The Quality of Government and Economic Growth

2021 ◽  
pp. 358-377
Author(s):  
Pelle Ahlerup ◽  
Thushyanthan Baskaran ◽  
Arne Bigsten
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Institutional Challenges ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter reviews the literature on the relationship between the quality of government (QoG) and economic growth. As there is limited evidence on the link between QoG narrowly defined and growth, our focus is on the role of related aspects, such as democracy, formal institutions, and cultural norms. We discuss institutional challenges in generating and sustaining high growth rates. We then review the evidence on how QoG, and related aspects of political and economic life, affect growth and pay attention to the relevant channels. We also discuss whether it is harder to sustain growth if it increases inequality. Since a government needs to be both efficient and impartial to support aggregate economic performance, we argue that it is too strict to let QoG be defined as impartiality only.

INFORMATION ACQUISITION METHODS AND THEIR RELATION TO THE LEVEL OF EQUIPMENT OF A FARM IN INFORMATIVE INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
Maciek Kuboń ◽  
Dariusz Kwaśniewski ◽  
Urszula Malaga-Toboła ◽  
Marcin Niemiec ◽  
Oleg Ovcharuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Information Infrastructure ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
Quality Of Products

All item flows are always accompanied by information flows. The condition of the goods flow between a sending point and a receipt point is exchange of information between a sender and a consignee. The role of scientific-technical and economic information in modern  agriculture grows successively. It is hard to imagine efficient management that would guarantee rational use of the factors of production, including respect for the environment, ensuring high quality of products and satisfaction of market requirements without it. Information is indispensable for both agricultural producers as well as producers and providers of production means and agricultural products consignees. Farms which strive to be competitive and which want to develop must use facilities of modern information technologies. The aim of the paper was to determine information acquisition methods and the relation to the level of equipment and the use of information infrastructure elements on commodity farms. The paper covered 50 agricultural farms located in the south Poland region. Information acquisition methods and the level of equipment and use of information infrastructure elements were determined. Respondents also evaluated which of the information acquisition methods was the best and which was the worst. It was concluded that the level of farm equipment in elements of information infrastructure was satisfactory and the information infrastructure methods guaranteed efficient farm management. 

scholarly journals Water-resistant fiber-reinforced gypsum cement-pozzolanic composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 01011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rustem Mukhametrakhimov ◽  
Albert Galautdinov ◽  
Polina Gorbunova ◽  
Tatyana Gorbunova
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Sheet Plane ◽  
Reinforcing Fibers ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
The Right

Gypsum and gypsum-cement-pozzolanic composites are of significant interest as materials and products for building decoration. The current tendency to reduce the consumption of gypsum-based materials and products in the context of growth and development of the finishing materials market depends on the decrease in their competitiveness compared to peers. This leads to significant interest in improving the quality of products based on gypsum and gypsum-cement-pozzolanic binder. Dispersed reinforcement is one of the ways of improving performance characteristics. The role of the type of reinforcing fibers in the formation of the gypsum-cement-pozzolanic composites structure and properties is studied in article. The influence relations of the cellulose fibers content with varying grinding degrees on the relative flexural and compressive strength of a gypsum-cement-pozzolanic matrix are obtained. It was found that the optimal content of cellulose fibers in the modified gypsum-cement-pozzolanic matrix is 0.5-1% by weight of the binder, the best indicators of flexural and compressive strength are achieved by grinding cellulose fibers to 30°SR. Using scanning electron microscopy, it was found that the microstructure of a disperse-reinforced gypsum-cementpozzolanic matrix is characterized by a uniform cellulose fibers distribution, the predominance of directionally frame reinforcement with a fibers linear orientation in the sheet plane. In this way the right choice of the type, crushing degree and cellulose fibers content can improve the quality and expand the application area of the produced gypsum-cementpozzolanic composites.

Political meritocracy and the troubles of Western democracies

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1127-1145
Author(s):  
Elena Ziliotti
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Troubles ◽  
Political Meritocracy ◽  
Western Democracies

Confucian meritocratic rule has been recently advocated on the basis of the economic performance of Western democracies and the political ignorance of their average voters. These arguments are grounded in the analyses of real phenomena, but they are insufficient to establish the greater effectiveness of political meritocracy over democracy. This does not mean that the principle of political meritocracy (a principle of government that aims to strengthen the role of the competent and the morally good ones) is irrelevant to the solution of some of the troubles affecting contemporary democracies. On the contrary, such a principle could play a significant role in designing auxiliary institutional mechanisms to strengthen the quality of political leadership in a democracy.

scholarly journals Peran Pokdarwis Andang Taruna Sebagai Katalisator Terwujudnya Karakter Peduli Wisata (Studi Di Banraas Pulau Gili Iyang Madura)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-174
Author(s):  
Enza Resdiana ◽  
Laylatul Hasanah
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Regional Tourism ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Care Study

Tourism Awareness Group or abbreviated Pokdarwis is a self-help and self-help group that grows from, by and for the community and aims to enhance the development of regional tourism and succeed tourism development by becoming a government partner in raising public awareness in the field of tourism, increasing human resources, encouraging the realization of Sapta Enchantment, enhancing the quality of products and tourism. This research uses descriptive qualitative method, which is the subject and object of this research is the Tourism Awareness Group (Pokdarwis) of Andang Taruna Banraas Village. Tourism Care (Study in Banraas, Gili Iyang Madura Island). The role of Pokdarwis Andang Taruna is able to act as a mobilizer for the community where the community has provided support and role as host in efforts to create an environment and conducive atmosphere that is able to encourage the growth and development of the tourism industry and the realization of sapta charm. The role as a partner has been carried out by Pokdarwis Andang Taruna in the form of activities and programs carried out by involving the Government and other parties related to the development and construction of tourist facilities such as lodging, transportation, culinary and etc. although there has not been a maximum cooperation between Pokdarwis and the Government so that there are obstacles in realizing the character of caring tourism.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurship and Economic Performance in Africa: A Sectoral Analysis with Focus on the Role of Finance, Institutions and Globalization

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bosco Nnyanzi ◽  
Bruno L. Yawe ◽  
John Ddumba-Ssentamu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Sectoral Analysis ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
Quantitative Impact

The main aim of the paper was to investigate the role of entrepreneurship on economic performance but with focus on sector-wide growth in 12 selected African countries during the period 2006-2016. Overall, the results suggest that while the quantitative impact of entrepreneurship on economic growth is positively significant, there is a differential effect on the sectors. The service sector in particular is associated positively with entrepreneurship whereas there is no evidence in the data that the growth in the manufacturing and agriculture sectors is influenced by entrepreneurship activities. A further analysis that includes interactions in the model supports the conditionality hypothesis that globalization as well as the quality of institutions and financial development matter in the entrepreneurship-growth nexus. In addition, while internet access and government consumption appear beneficial for the manufacturing and service sectors, the role of personal remittances is observed important for the agriculture sector contribution to GDP whereas trade in services matters for each sector but most significantly in the latter sector. In light of the findings policy recommendations are suggested.

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