Urban Agriculture as Local Initiative in Lusaka, Zambia

10.1068/c7p ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfrey Hampwaye ◽  
Etienne Nel ◽  
Christian M Rogerson
Keyword(s):  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Local Initiative ◽  
City Official ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
Urban Survival ◽  
The City

The topic of urban agriculture has, for a significant period of time, been recognized as a key facet of urban survival in the cities in the South. While it normally forms part of multilivelihood strategies and its overall significance is the subject of some debate, it nonetheless is an important feature of both urban landscapes and urban survival. This paper examines the current status quo of urban agriculture in Lusaka, the capital of Zambia. Structural adjustment and downscaling of the key copper mining sector seems to have forced more people into various informal survival strategies, including urban agriculture. Despite the apparent growing significance of urban agriculture, as illustrated by significant recent vegetation clearances around the city, official policy remains ambivalent and it has not been adequately supported or catered for in urban planning. While it remains officially illegal, controls are seldom enforced and urban farmers persist with what is a key household survival strategy under trying circumstances.

Urban Agriculture as a Global Economic Activity with Special Reference to the City of Lubumbashi in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyumbaiza Tambwe
Keyword(s):  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Structural Adjustment Programs ◽  
Urban Food Production ◽  
Urban People ◽  
The City

AbstractAccording to the UNDP (1996), about 800 million people are involved in urban food production with 200 million doing so for commercial reasons. Considering its rapid expansion all over the world, especially in African countries, urban agriculture is mostly regarded as a survival strategy. The attempt in this paper is to answer the following question: are people pushed into urban farming because they have no choice or are they engaged in urban agriculture because they know they can make a good living out of it? The article identifies several factors that force urban dwellers to resort to agricultural activities, as well as those that attract them for nutritional, financial and social reasons. These factors include, structural adjustment programs, decline in world prices of the primary commodities, economic crisis, low wage or salary, unemployment, rapid population growth, war, poverty, etc., which have led urban people to cultivate or raise animals or livestock. At the same time, urban agriculture has been proven as source of food, income and employment. The study is based on documentary sources, including books, articles, magazines, the Internet and the online publications. It also relies on primary sources from semi-structural interviews conducted in the city of Lubumbashi from November 2004 to March 2005.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Urban Agriculture in São Paulo, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6185
Author(s):  
André Ruoppolo Biazoti ◽  
Angélica Campos Nakamura ◽  
Gustavo Nagib ◽  
Vitória Oliveira Pereira de Souza Leão ◽  
Giulia Giacchè ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Community Gardens ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Sales Channels ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

During the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic, farmers worldwide were greatly affected by disruptions in the food chain. In 2020, São Paulo city experienced most of the effects of the pandemic in Brazil, with 15,587 deaths through December 2020. Here, we describe the impacts of COVID-19 on urban agriculture (UA) in São Paulo from April to August 2020. We analyzed two governmental surveys of 2100 farmers from São Paulo state and 148 from São Paulo city and two qualitative surveys of volunteers from ten community gardens and seven urban farmers. Our data showed that 50% of the farmers were impacted by the pandemic with drops in sales, especially those that depended on intermediaries. Some farmers in the city adapted to novel sales channels, but 22% claimed that obtaining inputs became difficult. No municipal support was provided to UA in São Paulo, and pre-existing issues were exacerbated. Work on community gardens decreased, but no garden permanently closed. Post COVID-19, UA will have the challenge of maintaining local food chains established during the pandemic. Due to the increase in the price of inputs and the lack of technical assistance, governmental efforts should be implemented to support UA.

Cultivating biological and cultural diversity: urban farming in Casamance, Senegal

Africa ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga F. Linares
Keyword(s):  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
West African ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Biological Complexity ◽  
Urban Farming ◽  
Household Economies ◽  
City Environment ◽  
The City

AbstractAt the present time, urban agriculture—that is, the growing of food crops in backyard gardens, unused city spaces and peripheral zones—is an economically viable alternative for many African migrants. Although previously ‘invisible’ to most developers and economists, urban farming is now recognised as playing a crucial subsistence role in the household economies of lower-income people living in major West African cities. But the practice does more than feed the urban poor. Using the example of Ziguinchor in Casamance, Senegal, it is argued that growing crops in peri-urban and intra-urban zones, on otherwise neglected or half-built-up land, also protects and enriches the city environment while increasing the primary productivity of the inhabitants. Directly, or in more subtle ways, the practice strengthens bonds of friendship, and promotes inter-ethnic co-operation while at the same time helping to maintain biological complexity in interesting and previously unexplored ways. City farming may provide a context through which the urban poor can relate to debates about biodiversity.

The City of Oslo in Jan Erik Vold’s Poems

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-230
Author(s):  
Raluca-Daniela Duinea
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Criticism ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Reading Technique ◽  
Social Critical ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

"The City of Oslo in Jan Erik Vold’s Poems. The aim of this paper is to examine, from a cultural and social perspective, the Norwegian urban areas and everyday situations in Jan Erik Vold’s (b. 1939) poems. Our close-reading technique reveals important social aspects, different places and streets, located in the capital city of Norway, Oslo. These urban poems written by the contemporary Norwegian poet Jan Erik Vold contribute to the reconstruction of a new Norwegian cultural identity as it is reflected in a selection of poems taken from Mor Godhjertas glade versjon. Ja (Mother Goodhearted’s Happy Version. Yes, 1968), followed by the poet’s wanderings in the city of Oslo in En som het Abel Ek (One Named Abel Ek, 1988), and concluding with his bitter social criticism in Elg (Moose, 1989) and IKKE. Skillingstrykk fra nittitallet (Not: Broadsides from the Nineties, 1993). Vold’s urban poems emphasise the transition from nyenkle (new simple), friendly and descriptive poems which present closely the city of Oslo on foot, to short, political and social critical poems from the 90s. Thus, it is of great importance to traverse various urban ‘landscapes’ in different periods of time, beginning with the 1960s, followed by the 80s and the 90s. Keywords: Jan Erik Vold, urban poems, social criticism, Norwegian urban areas, the city of Oslo "

scholarly journals Farmers’ Perspective on Sociological and Environmental Issues of Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture: A Case Study from Western and Southern Regions of Sierra Leone

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Osman Nabay ◽  
Abdul R. Conteh ◽  
Alusaine E. Samura ◽  
Emmanuel S. Hinckley ◽  
Mohamed S. Kamara
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Environmental Aspect ◽  
Financial Organization ◽  
The Social ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Household Assets ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The City

The paper examined and brought to the fore the typical characteristic of urban and peri-urban farmers in Freetown and Bo communities which serves as major source of supply of agricultural products into the cities’ markets. The social and environmental aspect and perception of producers involved in urban and peri-urban agriculture was examined. Descriptive statistics and pictograms were used to analyze and present the data. Results indicate that 56.34% never went to formal school and mostly dominated by women, showing that farming became the alternative means of livelihood support for those groups. Crops grown are purely influenced by market orientation—demand and cost, as is evident in Gloucester (lettuce, cabbage and spring onions). Potato leaves were commonly grown in almost all communities, reason being that it serves as common/major sauce/vegetable cooked in every household in Sierra Leone. Maize and rice were featured in Ogoo farm—government supervised land set aside purposely for growing crops to supply the city. Findings also revealed that majority of the farmers are resource poor, judging from calculation about their monthly income earning and available household assets and amenities. About 70.4% of the lands the farmers grow their crops on is leased for production. Except for Gloucester community, when costs of production will be summed, minimal benefit seem to be realized from the farming activities. Even though some of these farmers are engaged in organization, many have limited access to micro financial organization that would probably loan them money to upscale production.

scholarly journals Cuatro iniciativas de agricultura en la ciudad frente a la banalización del paisaje histórico urbano | Four urban agriculture initiatives against the banalization of urban historical landscape

ZARCH ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
David Arredondo Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Right To The City ◽  
Active Perception ◽  
Historical Landscape ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
The City ◽  
City Centres

En ciudades con un importante patrimonio histórico son cada vez más frecuentes los procesos de homogeneización del paisaje urbano. Una dinámica que conduce a la transformación de determinados entornos históricos en espacios en donde apenas queda lugar para la singularidad, las actividades no reguladas o la participación ciudadana. Este estudio propone analizar una serie de iniciativas desarrolladas en la última década en centros de cuatro ciudades españolas, concretamente en Sevilla, Barcelona, Madrid y Zaragoza. Proyectos que se apoyan en la agricultura y la jardinería urbanas para sortear la banalización imperante, creando espacios para la cultura, las relaciones sociales y la imaginación. Pese a las dificultades en su gestión y su repercusión minoritaria, estas intervenciones ejemplifican un modo de reconfigurar el paisaje urbano, planteando esquemas de activación, percepción activa y participación en lugares centrales de la ciudad en proceso de abandono, donde las actividades agrícolas y jardineras adquieren un peso importante.PALABRAS CLAVE: paisaje urbano, acupuntura urbana, agricultura urbana, participación ciudadana, derecho a la ciudad.Processes of homogenization of the urban landscape are becoming more frequent in cities with an important historical heritage. A dynamic that leads to the transformation of certain historical environments in spaces where there is hardly any room for uniqueness, unregulated activities or public participation. This study aims to analyse a number of initiatives developed in the last decade in four Spanish city centres, particularly in Seville, Barcelona, Madrid and Zaragoza. Projects that are using urban agriculture and gardening to escape form current banality, creating spaces for culture, social relations and imagination. Despite the difficulties in its management and its minor impact, these interventions exemplify a way to reshape urban landscape, through schemes of activation, active perception and participation in abandoned places in the city, where agricultural activities and gardening are now playing an important role.KEYWORDS: urban landscape, urban acupuncture, urban agriculture, citizen participation, right to the city.

scholarly journals Survival Strategies of City Transportation Drivers In Purwokerto Banyumas Regency

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Putri Nur Aini ◽  
Lilis Siti Badriah
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Family Needs ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
On Line ◽  
Family Consumption ◽  
The City

According to the Central Statistics Agency (2017), the proportion of workers in the Indonesias informal sector is 57.03 percent in 2017. One of the jobs in the informal sector is city transportation drivers. Purwokerto has a population of 263,501 people in 2017 spreading across four sub-districts. Population needs for transportation are served by city transportation. The existence of the Trans Jateng bus and the growing development of on-line transportation services have reduced consumer demand for urban transportation services. As a consequence, it had an impact on the income of city transportation drivers. This study aimed to analyze the income and consumption, the welfare of life, and survival strategies of city transportation drivers in Purwokerto in meeting their family needs. The total sample of 78 respondents was selected randomly. The analytical methods used in this study were tabulation, Average Propensity to Consume analysis, comparison between income and Decent Standar of Living in Banyumas Regency, and survival strategies using coping strategies. The results indicated that 51.3 percent of respondents had basic income smaller than other income; the basic income of 89.74 percent of respondents had not been able to meet family consumption, but based on family income, it was obtained that 69.23 percent of respondents has been able to meet family consumption; both of basic income and family income of the majority of drivers have not been able to meet a Decent Standard of Living; the survival strategies used by the respondents were active, passive, and network strategies. This study implies that the Regional Government needs to adopt a policy that supports the city transportation drivers in the form of limiting the number of on-line transportations and monitoring the red zones as well as regulating the Trans Jateng Bus lane so that it may not have a negative impact on the city transportation.

scholarly journals Aktivistinen kielimaisema: pilottitutkimus

2020 ◽  
pp. 95-114
Author(s):  
Sofie Henricson
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
City Official ◽  
Bus Stop ◽  
The People ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Landscape Research ◽  
The City ◽  
Tourist Information

Urban linguistic landscapes consist of various kinds of signs in different languages, together transmitting a myriad of messages to the people living in, visiting or passing through the city. Official authorities are the authors of some signs, e.g. street names and tourist information, while businesses operating on a local or global level are the authors of other signs, e.g. advertisements and information about opening hours. In addition, individual persons or groups of people give their input to the urban linguistic landscapes, e.g. by attaching a sticker to a bus stop or writing a slogan on a park bench. The current article explores this third, unofficial layer of the urban linguistic landscape, and the topics, discourses and ideologies it encompasses. Through a pilot study of the activist linguistic landscapes at two railway stations in Helsinki, the article discusses the methodological underpinnings of this kind of linguistic landscape research.

scholarly journals URBAN LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Collado Capilla ◽  
Sonia Gómez-Pardo Gabaldón
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Landscape Assessment ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Strategic Element ◽  
The City

URBAN LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT Vicente Collado Capilla1 and Sonia Gómez-Pardo Gabaldón21Servicio de Infraestructura Verde y Paisaje. Generalitat Valenciana. Ciutat Administrativa 9 D'Octubre-Torre 1, C/ Castán Tobeñas 77, 46018 Valencia; 2Servicio Territorial de Urbanismo. Provincia de Valencia. Generalitat Valenciana. Prop I, C/ Gregorio Gea, nº 27, 46009 Valencia. E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]  Key words: urban_landscape, streetcape, landscape_value, andscape_assessment, landscape_preferences. The urban landscape assesment as an important element in the quality of life and the sustainable development of the city constitutes an incipient field of investigation from a new perspective that adds meanings and values. An analysis of the different methodological developments and national and international experiences in the assessment of these landscapes will highlight its importance as a strategic element to improve the quality of the city. It starts from the concept of assessment as a system where tangible and intangible values ​​are considered by the population and the experts. These include among other formal, economic, environmental, social, cultural issues (…) and the relationships between them. Consideration of the opinions of experts from different points of view such as urbanism and architecture but also environment, economy, geography, history, archeology, sociology, social assistance, etc. Together with the preferences expressed by the population regarding the spaces they inhabit on a daily basis and their aspirations, strengthen the sense of belonging and the identity of the place as key elements in the perception of the urban landscapes that allows to contribute new qualities, integration criteria and ​​contemporary values to any type of intervention. These are strategies and intervention procedures that start from the complexity of the city as a system and incorporate the perception that citizens have or will have of their immediate environment.  References: Czynska Klara and Pawel Rubinowicz (2015). ´Visual protection Surface method: Cityscape values in context of tall buildings´. SSS10 Proceedings of the 10 th International Space Syntax Symposium. Paquette Sylvain (2008). Guide de gestion des paysages au Québec. Université de Montréal Pallasmaa, Juhani (2005). The Eyes of the Skin. Architecture and the Senses. New York: John Wiley. Ministry of Environment and Energy The National Forest and Nature Agency (1997). International Survey of Architectural Values in the Environment. Denmark . The Landscape Institute and Institute of Environmental Management & Assessment (2013). Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment. Third Edition, London: Routledge.

scholarly journals PubMed-indexed neurosurgical research productivity of Iraq-based neurosurgeons

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Samer S. Hoz ◽  
Zahraa F. Al-Sharshahi ◽  
Ignatius N. Esene ◽  
Ali A. Dolachee ◽  
Ali M. Neamah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Output ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Academic Productivity ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Article Type ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Vascular Neurosurgery ◽  
Article Citation ◽  
The City

Background: Research is a central component of neurosurgical training and practice and is increasingly viewed as a quintessential indicator of academic productivity. In this study, we focus on identifying the current status and challenges of neurosurgical research in Iraq. Methods: An online PubMed Medline database search was conducted to identify all articles published by Iraq-based neurosurgeons between 2003 and 2020. Information was extracted in relation to the following parameters: authors, year of publication, author’s affiliation, author’s specialty, article type, article citation, journal name, journal impact factor, and topic. This data were then tabulated and analyzed. Results: Between 2003 and 2021, a total of 52 PubMed indexed papers were published from Iraq. All publications have been clustered in the period of 2012–2020. From 2012 to 2016, only four papers were published, one per year. The number of publications increased from 2017 to 2021, with an average of 12 publications per year. The most common article type was “case reports” (n = 14). Neurotrauma (n = 10) and vascular neurosurgery (n = 10) were the two most common topics. Most of the studies came from the city of Bagdad (n = 46), with just nine studies coming from peripheral governorates. The Neurosurgery Teaching Hospital in Bagdad was the neurosurgery center with the highest research output (n = 38). Conclusion: The number of publications per year has been showing a, relatively, promising trend since 2012. However, to promote sustained growth in academic productivity, a strategic plan that acknowledges the political, financial, and health-system-related challenges are urgently needed.

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