Nutritional evaluation of meat meals for poultry. I. Variation in quality and its association with chemical composition and ash and lipid factors

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
BS Sathe ◽  
RB Cumming ◽  
GL McClymont
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Chick Growth ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Toxic Factors

On the basis of chick growth and efficiency of feed conversion, wide variation in the nutritional value of Australian meat meals has been observed, with all samples inferior in value to imported fish meal. No necessary relationship was observed between the crude protein and fat contents of the meals and the chick growth-promoting ability or efficiency of feed conversion. Small variations in growth response were significantly associated with the amount of ash contributed by meat meals to diets. However, ash was not the major cause of the differences between high and low quality meals. The addition of ash or ether extract from low quality meat meal to high quality meal did not indicate the presence of growth-depressing or toxic factors in these fractions. The results are interpreted as indicating that neither total protein content, ash content, or lipid content, nor ash or lipid toxic factors was the main cause of variation in the nutritional value of the meat meals studied.

A nutritional evaluation of diets containing meat meal for growing pigs. 4. Differences in growth of pigs on different meals and in chemical and chick tests of these meals

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 384 ◽  
Author(s):  
ES Batterham ◽  
MB Manson ◽  
HC Kirton
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Chick Growth ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Available Lysine ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
The Relationship

Experiments were conducted to estimate the variability in growth promoting ability of seven meat meals (MM) or meat and bone meals (MBM) for pigs and the relationship between pig growth and chemical or chick tests. The meals were fed as the sole protein supplement in wheat-based diets to Large White pigs over the 18-73 kg growth phase. The diets were fed at the restricted rate of 7.2 g crude protein and approximately 114 kcal digestible energy per kg liveweight per day. The nitrogen retention of pigs and dry and organic matter digestibilities of the diets were determined. With the nutritional regime adopted, there was little difference (12 per cent) in the growth promoting ability of the seven diets for pigs, with one brand inferior to the other six. This difference appeared to be due to lower protein quality. The seven meals varied considerably in chemical composition (bone content 22-55 per cent, crude protein 45-59 per cent). There appeared little relationship between chemical composition of the diets and their growth promoting ability. Dietary calcium levels varied from 1.6-3.0 per cent but there was no apparent effect of calcium level on pig growth. 'Available' lysine levels in the meal varied from 3.1-3.7 per cent with the inferior meal having the lowest available lysine content. All diets contained considerable quantities of minerals as a result of the inclusion of MM or MBM and the diets contained the estimated requirements of pigs for major minerals. There was little relationship between chick growth on the seven diets and pig growth (r = 0.11). Chick growth was correlated with dietary calcium (r = -0.72) and feed intake (r = 0.64). When the diets were equalized for calcium, the relationship between chick growth and pig growth increased (r = 0.62). The results indicated that the calcium content of a meal was a major factor affecting its growth promoting ability for chicks but not for pigs. As the depressed chick growth was associated with lowered feed intake under ad lib. feeding, it was possible that the restricted feeding of the diets to the pigs minimized the development of depressing effects of calcium.

A nutritional evaluation of diets containing meat meal for growing pigs. 6. Amino acid and mineral-vitamin-antibiotic supplements for maize-meat meal diets

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 534 ◽  
Author(s):  
ES Batterham
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Nutritional Evaluation ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Cent Increase

Maize-meat meal and maize-meat and bone meal diets were supplemented with dl-tryptophan, l-lysine or a mineral-vitamin-antibiotic (MVA) premix and fed to pigs during the 1s to 45 kg growth phase. Diets were offered at an estimated 145 kcal of digestible energy and 7g crude protein per kg liveweight per day. The basal maize-meat meal diet produced poor growth and feed conversion and the combined addition of all three supplements increased growth by 46 per cent, feed conversion by 21 per cent, and lean in the ham by 4.7 per cent. This effect resulted from responses to dl-tryptophan, the MVA and an interaction between dl-tryptophan and l-lysine, with l-lysine depressing gain and feed conversion in the absence of dl- tryptophan and increasing gain, feed conversion, and lean in the ham in its presence. The basal maize-meat and bone meal diet also produced poor growth and feed conversion, and the combined addition of all three supplements resulted in an 82 per cent increase in growth, a 35 per cent increase in feed conversion, and a 3.3 per cent increase in lean in the ham. Both dl-tryptophan and MYA separately increased growth and feed conversion and combined they had an even greater effect. The l-lysine increased feed conversion and lean in the ham. The l-lysine also increased growth rates on the dl-tryptophan supplemented diets, but this effect was not significant (P>0.05).

The nutritional value of rice pollard for sheep

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 525 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Hogan ◽  
LJ Cook ◽  
P Davis
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Growth Experiment ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Lamb Growth

An investigation has been made of the nutritional value for lambs of diets containing rice pollard from which varying amounts of oil were extracted. The preparations were pelleted with equal amounts of wheaten hay to provide diets containing per kg, 12, 56, 80 and 107 g oil. A fifth diet was also prepared containing 106 g oil, and an additional 2.5 g calcium carbonate/kg. The diets were offered ad libitum to 46 crossbred lambs for 83 days, body weight changes being recorded over the final 53 days. Digestion in the stomach and intestines of similar lambs with fistulae in the rumen and abomasum was also measured with three diets. In the lamb growth experiment, no consistent effects of oil content or additional calcium were observed on feed intake, which ranged from 1.02 to 1.16 kg/day, on weight gain (1 11-148 &/day) or on feed conversion (7.9 - 9.2 kg feed per kg gain). Digestion studies with diets containing hay plus pollard alone, supplemented with calcium carbonate or with the pollard-oil extracted, indicated no differences in the digestibility of organic matter or aciddetergent fibre. However, appreciable grains of nitrogen in the rumen which occurred with the first two diets ensured that the quantities of crude protein apparently digested in the intestines were equivalent to 93-98% of protein intake. The corresponding value for the oil-extracted diet was only 66% of intake. Fibre digestibility, 250-320 g/kg intake, was not significantly different between diets. With the two nonextracted diets, a net loss of oil approximating 760 g/kg consumed occurred in the digestive tract, whereas with the extracted diet slightly more oil was excreted in the faeces than the amount consumed.

Nutritional evaluation of meat meals for poultry. VIII.* Nutritive values of and limiting amino acids in cereal diets, supplemented with meat meal

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Skurray ◽  
RB Cumming
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Chick Growth ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Amino Acid Levels ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

When a commercial meat meal was used to supplement wheat, corn and sorghum diets to growing chicks, there was a wide variation in performance. Feed conversion efficiencies were higher on diets based on wheat and corn than those based on sorghum. The nutritive value as determined by chick growth tests of a wheat-plus-meat meal diet was higher than a corn or sorghum-plus-meat meal diet. The nutritive value of a wheat–plus–meat meal diet, supplemented with lysine and methionine, was the same as that of a crystalline amino acid reference diet. The weight gains of chicks given these two diets were higher than those obtained with diets based on wheat, corn and sorghum, not supplemented with lysine and methionine. The results were explained in terms of the limiting and digestible essential amino acids in these diets. The limiting amino acids in the diets were determined from the plasma amino acid levels in chicks given these diets. ______________________ *Part VII, Aust. J. agric. Res., 23: 913-22 (1972).

A nutritional evaluation of diets containing meat meal for growing pigs. 7. The value of meat meal as a potein supplement to barley, oats, sorghum and wheat based diets

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
ES Batterham ◽  
MB Manson
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Nutritional Evaluation ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Meat Meal

The comparative value of meat meal as a protein supplement to barley, oats, sorghum, and wheat-based diets was investigated for pigs during the 18-45 kg growth phase. Diets were offered at the rate of 129 kcal digestible energy and 7 g crude protein per kg liveweight per day. Two methods of estimating digestible energy in the diets were also examined. The major differences recorded (Pt0.05) were : Growth rates-Wheat barley and sorghum, oats and barley sorghum. Feed conversion ratios-Wheat barley: oats and sorghum. Protein efficiency ratios-Wheat and oats barley sorghum. Lean in ham-Oats and barley sorghum and wheat. When the magnitude of all differences was considered the results indicated that the protein quality of the sorghum-meat meal diet was lower than that of the other three diets. The correlation between digestible energy values estimated by two methods (energy in feed X dry matter digestibility) and (energy in feed-energy in faeces/feed intake) was significant (r = 0.98)

The crude protein requirement of the early-weaned calf given urea, meat meal or soya bean meal with and without sulphur supplementation

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Leibholz ◽  
H. S. Kang
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

SUMMARYTwo experiments were conducted with 84 male British Friesian calves to estimate their nitrogen and sulphur requirements between 5 and 11 weeks of age. A basal 12 % crude protein (CP) diet was supplemented with meat meal, soya bean meal or urea to 15 or 18 % CP, and with sulphur to reduce the nitrogen to sulphur ratios of the diets to about 10 to 1.The weight gains and feed conversion ratios of the calves given the 12% CP diets were significantly poorer than those of the calves fed on the diets containing 15 or 18% CP, irrespective of the CP supplement used. The supplementation of the urea-containing diets with sulphur caused a significant increase in feed intake and weight gain.The digestibility of nitrogen and dry matter increased with increasing CP content of the diets and was greater for the diets supplemented with urea than for those supplemented with meat meal or soya bean meal. Sulphur additions also increased the nitrogen digestibility. The retention of nitrogen, when corrected for feed intake, was greater in the calves fed on the diets containing 18% CP than in those fed on the 15% and 12% CP diets.The supplementation of the diets with sulphur increased the digestibility of sulphur, its excretion in urine and its retention. The concentration of urea in the blood plasma increased with increasing dietary CP content, and was higher in calves given urea.

The nutritional value for meat chickens of water-damaged wheat from temporary bulk stores in Queensland

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
PF Mannion ◽  
BJ Blaney ◽  
MS Levitt
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Progressive Reduction ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
And Control

The nutritional value of water-damaged wheat and free-flowing wheat from temporary bulk stores at Goondiwindi was determined. Each was fed to meat chickens as the sole grain component or combined in several proportions, and compared with a control wheat in diets of similar nutrient composition. In addition, the nutrient composition of water-damaged and free-flowing wheat from temporary stores at Meeandarra, Thallon, Jandowae and Millmerran in southern Queensland was determined.A progressive reduction in the ratio of total amino acids to crude protein (0.98-0-70 w/w) and innitrogen-free extract (789-685 g kg-1 dry matter) was associated with increasing severity of water damage. Ether extract and gross energy contents of the dry matter were low in water-damaged wheat from all sites, but only the wheat with the most damage had a lower metabolizable energy content (12.99 versus 14.12 MJ kg-1) in the dry matter and as a proportion of gross energy (71% versus 76%) than free-flowing wheat from the same site.The three diets containing high levels of rotten (two diets) and severely water-damaged wheat (one diet) resulted in an average liveweight gain (26.1 g day-1) and feed conversion (1.86) which was poorer than that of the free-flowing wheat (28.1 g day-1, 1.59) and the average of other less water-damaged wheat treatments (29.7 g day-1, 1.57). The higher average liveweight gain of the latter treatments relative to the free-flowing wheat and control (27.3 g day-1) treatments was significant but was not reflected in better feed conversion. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Growth response of improved native breeds of chicken to diets differed in energy and protein content

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Cecep Hidayat ◽  
Sofjan Iskandar ◽  
Tike Sartika ◽  
T. Wardhani
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Factor ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Native Chicken

The aim of doing this experiment was to observe the growth response of improved native breeds of chicken under diets differed in energy and protein content. Three groups of improved native breeds, obtained from mating of ♂KUB to ♀KUB (Line 1), of ♂SenSi to ♀KUB (Line 2) and of ♂Gaok x ♀KUB (Line 3), were subjected to three experimental diets, differed in metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) content. The experimental diets consisted of Diet 1 (2,800 kcal ME/ kg with 17,81% CP), Diet 2 (2,950 kcal ME/ kg with 18,61% CP) and  Diet 3 (3,100 kcal ME/ kg with 19,25% CP). The experiment was designed as factorial 3 x 3 with 7 replications of each treatment combination, consisted of 5 birds per treatment combination. The chickens were raised up to 10 weeks of age. Results of the experiment showed that Line 2 (♂SenSi mated to ♀KUB) had highest body weight at 10 weeks of age (P<0.05), lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) and highest European Production Efficiency Factor (EPEF), compared to other two lines. The appropriate diet for Line 2 was Diet 2. It could be concluded the crossbred line that was resulted from crossing of ♂SenSi to ♀KUB (Line 2), had potential to be used as improved native chicken for the industry in Indonesia supported by appropriate diet containing 2,950 kcal ME/kg with 18.61% crude protein.

Meat meal quality in the diet of early-weaned

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Leibholz
Keyword(s):  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Average Efficiency ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Meal Quality ◽  
Wool Keratin

In experiments designed to study the effect of the quality of meat meal on growth and efficiency of feed utilization, diets containing meat meal with three levels of added bone meal (0, 8, and 16 per cent), and two levels of added wool keratin (0 and 8 per cent) were fed to 36 male Friesian calves from 5 to 17 weeks of age. The addition of bone meal reduced weight gains, when they were adjusted for weaning weight, and reduced the digestibility of calcium. The addition of wool protein did not affect growth rate or efficiency of feed conversion, but depressed the digestibility of organic matter. The average weight of calves at 17 weeks was 144.3 kg with an average efficiency of feed conversion of 3.11 between 5 and 17 weeks of age.

scholarly journals Nutritional Value of Lupine in the Diets for Pigs (a Review)

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohumila Písaříková ◽  
Zdeněk Zralý
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Seed Coats

The seeds of sweet lupine cultivars (Lupineus species) have been used with increasing frequency as a source of proteins replacing proteins of animal origin or soybean in feed compounds. The seeds of sweet lupine cultivars contain an average of about 33-40% crude protein in dry matter, the lipid content ranges from 5 to 13%. The profile of amino acids is relatively beneficial, however, with slightly lower content of lysine (1.46%) and methionine (0.22%). The main storage carbohydrates in the seeds are the β-galactans that comprise most of the cell-wall material of the kernel and the cellulose and hemicellulose of the thick seed coats. Lupine seeds contain about 40% non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and a negligible amount of starch. High coefficient of protein digestibility (> 90%) has been reported in sweet lupine cultivars, but lower digestibility of energy (~ 60%). Lupineus species contain negligible amounts of trypsin inhibitor so they do not require preheating before being used as an ingredient in feeds for monogastric animals. The efficiency of lupine seeds in the diets for pigs is characterized by controversial results of growth and feed conversion under both mechanical treatment and enzyme supplementation. The results of production efficiency obtained at the testing of lupine cultivars (L. albus, L. angustifolius) for pigs were beneficial at supplementation of the lacking nutrients or dehulling. The submitted paper summarizes national as well as foreign knowledge of the nutritive value of cultural lupine seeds, and deals with the possibility increasing nutrition and production efficiency in the diets for pigs.

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