Morphophysiological determinants of yield in rapeseed (Brassica campestris and Brassica napus). I. Growth and morphological characters

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Thurling
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Final Harvest

Variation in sowing date was found to have a marked effect on the seed yield and different morphological and growth characteristics of spring cultivars of the oilseed rape species Brassica campestris and Brassica napus. The two species differed appreciably, however, in their responses to successive delays in sowing date. In B. napus, there was a significant and continuous decline in seed yield with later sowings. This decline in seed yield was associated primarily with a reduction in the total dry weight of the plant at the final harvest which, in turn, was most closely correlated with the duration of the vegetative phase of growth. The total dry weight of the plant and the seed yield were greatest in the first sowing where flowering was substantially later than in either of the later sowings. Since earlier-flowering cultivars of B. napus would be better adapted to Western Australian conditions, where there is a rapid decline in soil moisture reserves during the spring, significant improvements in seed yield could depend largely on increasing the rate of pre-anthesis growth. In this experiment, however, no significant variation in the relative rate of growth prior to flowering was observed because of the marked negative association between net assimilation rate and leaf area ratio. Further studies of the variation in growth amongst a far wider range of genotypes will, nevertheless, be necessary to properly assess the feasibility of increasing relative growth rates by selection. The seed yield of B. campestris was substantially greater in the second sowing than in either the first or third sowings. Although seed yield was significantly correlated with both total dry weight of the plant at final harvest and the harvest index, the latter appeared to be the most important determinant of seed yield in this species. By contrast with B. napus, most of the dry weight of the plant at the final harvest was accumulated during the post-anthesis phase of growth. Accordingly, the character leaf area duration between anthesis and final harvest was found to be the most significant determinant of the total dry weight of the plant in B. campestris. The leaf weight ratio of the plant at anthesis also contributed significantly to total dry weight at the final harvest; this indicates that the pattern of dry matter distribution in the plant during the vegetative phase could prove a useful criterion for selecting potentially high-yielding strains of this species.

Morphophysiological determinants of yield in rapeseed (Brassica campestris and Brassica napus). II.* Yield components

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Thurling
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Developmental Sequence ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Analyses of yield component relationships in the oilseed rape species Brassica napus and Brassica campestris revealed substantial component compensation in both species. There were, however, certain differences between these species in the morphological expression of the compensatory mechanism. In B. napus, the decline in yield with successive delays in sowing date was accompanied by a marked reduction in the number of pods per plant, but little change in the seed weight per pod. The yield of B. campestris was higher in the second sowing than in either the earlier or later sowings; however, there was still a substantial decrease in the number of pods per plant. This decrease in the number of pods per plant was accompanied by an increase in the seed weight per pod which was substantially greater between the first and second sowings than between the second and third. From correlation analyses it was evident that variation in seed yield was related primarily to changes in the number of pods per plant in B. napus and to changes in seed weight per pod in B. campestris. The results of this experiment supported the widely held view that yield component compensation in grain crops is an inevitable consequence of a limited input of metabolites to the developing inflorescence. A reduction in the metabolic input to the inflorescence should, therefore, be accompanied by appropriate adjustments in the yield component system. If it is assumed that the total dry weight of the plant at flowering reflects, to some degree at least, the potential metabolic input of the plant, then a response of this type was particularly apparent in changes in the relative magnitude of the different yield components between the first and second sowings. In B. napus, a sharp reduction in the total dry weight of the plant was accompanied by a decrease in the number of pods per plant without any significant change in the seed weight per pod. Although there was a slight rise in the total dry weight of B. campestris over the same interval, there was still a substantial reduction in the number of pods per plant which, however, was associated with a proportionately greater increase in the seed weight per pod. Appropriate transformations of the basic data revealed that inter-trait correlations or stresses strongly masked the true influence of source variation on the component characters succeeding number of pod bearing branches in the developmental sequence. The main effect of removal of the stress influence was a substantial inflation in the contribution of the cultivar x environment interaction to the variation in the component characters. Yield component relationships in the rapeseed species were, in fact, characterized by a strong environmental control of the type and degree of stress as well as by significant genetic control only of characters early in the developmental sequence. It is considered that such a situation makes it possible for reliable yield predictions to be based on yield component data and is, therefore, encouraging as regards the development of more efficient procedures of selection for yield components. ____________________ *Part I, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 25: 697 (1974).

Physiology of seed yield in field beans (Vicia faba L.): II. Dry-matter production

1973 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan M. Ishag
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Field Beans ◽  
Substantial Rise

SummaryDry weight per unit area was related to plant density differences and leaf area duration (LAD) up to pod-setting (late June). Total dry weight and seed dry weight at maturity were not related to total LAD or LAD after pod setting. Seed yield at a node was closely correlated with leaf area at the same node (r = 0·67 to 0·94).Differences in net assimilation rate (NAR) between varieties were not significant. A substantial rise in NAR in July-early August was attributed to additional photosynthesis by pods.

Impact of an Open Trellis on Canopy Growth, Light Interception, Yield, and Leaf Physiology of Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 468b-468
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Klauer ◽  
J. Scott Cameron ◽  
Chuhe Chen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Leaf Physiology ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Upper Third

After promising results were obtained with an open-style split trellis (two top wires) in its initial year, two new trials were established in 1997 in northwest (Lynden) and southwest (Woodland) Washington. For the split trellis, actual yields were 33% (machine-picked 1/2 season) and 17% (hand-picked) greater, respectively, for the two locations compared to the conventional trellis (one top wire). In Woodland, canes from the split trellis had 33% more berries, 55% more laterals, 69% more leaves, and 25% greater leaf area compared with the conventional trellis. Greatest enhancement of these components was in the upper third of the canopy. Laterals were also shorter in this area of the split canopy, but there was no difference in average total length of lateral/cane between trellis types. Total dry weight/cane was 22% greater in the split trellis, but component partitioning/cane was consistent between the two systems with fruit + laterals (43%) having the greatest above-ground biomass, followed by the stem (30% to 33%) and the leaves (21% to 22%). Measurement of canopy width, circumference, and light interception showed that the split-trellis canopy filled in more quickly, and was larger from preanthesis through postharvest. Light interception near the top of the split canopy was 30% greater 1 month before harvest with 98% interception near the top and middle of that canopy. There was no difference between the trellis types in leaf CO2 assimilation, spectra, or fluorescence through the fruiting season, or in total nitrogen of postharvest primocane leaves.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Sumber dan Dosis Bahan Organik terhadap Perubahan sifat Kimia Tanah, Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L.Moench) var. KD4 di Lahan Kering Jatikerto, Malang

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Edy Suminarti ◽  
A.Y. Edy Guntoro ◽  
A. N. Fajrin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Suminarti et al, 2018. Effect of Source and Dosage of Organic Materials on Changes in Soil Chemical Properties, Growth and Yield of Sorghum Plants (Sorghum bicolor L.Moench) var. KD4 in Dry Land Jatikerto, Malang. JLSO 7(2): Agricultural extensification is the right step to anticipate conditions of food insecurity. This refers to two reasons, namely (1) proliferation of land conversion activities, and (2) sorghum is a carbohydrate-producing plant that is quite tolerant when planted on dry land. The objective of this study was to obtain information about the sources and doses of organic matter that are appropriate to changes in soil chemical properties, growth and yield of sorghum plants, and has been carried out in the dry land of Jatikerto, Malang. A split plot designs with three replications were used in this study, sources of organic material (blothong, UB compost and cow dung) as the main plot, and doses of organic matter (125%, 100% and 75%) as a subplot. Soil analysis was carried out 3 times, i.e. before planting, after application of organic matter and at harvest. The agronomic observations were carried out destructively at 80 days after planting (DAP) including the components of growth (root dry weight, leaf area, and total dry weight of the plant) and harvest at the age of 90 DAP.F test at 5% level was used to test the effect of treatment, while the difference between treatments was based on LSD level of 5%.The results showed that there was a significant interaction between the source and dosage of organic matter on the leaf area and total dry weight, the highest yield was obtained in blothong at various doses. Higher yields of seeds per hectare were also found in blotong: 1.76 tons ha-1, and 1.73 tons ha-1 on 125% doses of organic matter. Blotong application is able to provide elements of N, P and K soil respectively 18.3%, 85.68% and 8.42% for plant.

scholarly journals Growth And Yield of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Varities in Sokoto Sudan Savanna of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1513-1518
Author(s):  
A.S. Gunu ◽  
M. Musa
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Sudan Savanna ◽  
Stalk Weight

Field trial was carried out during the 2019 rainy season (June to October) at the Dryland Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto to determine the growth and yield of sorghum varieties in the study area. The treatments consisted of five (5) sorghum varieties (Samsorg 45, Samsorg 46, Janjari, Yartawa and Jardawa), the treatments were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three (3) times. Data were collected on the growth and yield of the crop. Janjari and Jardawa varieties were higher in plant height. Jardawa and Yartawa varieties were higher in number of leaves. Janjari and Yartawa varieties were higher in total dry weight. Janjari, Jardawa and Yartawa varieties were higher in harvest index. Yartawa variety was higher in leaf area, leaf area index and 1000-grain weight. Jardawa variety was higher in panicle length. Janjari variety was early in number of days to heading, flowering, and maturity and was higher in dry stalk weight. The grain yield (249 – 1506kg ha-1 ) was higher in Janjari and Yartawa varieties (1268 – 1506 kg ha-1). Based on the findings of this research, it could be concluded that Janjari and Yartawa varieties performed better than other varieties in the study area.

A study of growth in swards of timothy and meadow fescue. I. Uninterrupted growth

1958 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. M. Langer
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Total Dry Weight

1. Swards of S. 48 timothy and S. 215 meadow fescue growing alone or together were sampled at intervals of 3 weeks throughout the season. The number and weight of leaves, stems and ears were determined, and leaf area was estimated.2. Despite high rainfall, the total number of tillers in both species declined from the beginning of the experiment until early July, but increased again from then onwards until the original complement had been approximately restored. The number of leaves failed to show a corresponding increase in the autumn because each tiller carried fewer leaves than earlier in the year.3. In the spring total dry weight increased more rapidly in meadow fescue than in timothy which in turn out-yielded meadow fescue later in the season. Both species attained their greatest dry weight soon after ear emergence, a period which was marked by considerable crop growth and relative growth rates.4. Leaf area index reached a maximum before total dry weight had increased to its highest level, but then declined in both species. Meadow fescue differed from timothy by producing a second crop of foliage after the summer with a leaf area index of about 7. This second rise appeared to be due mainly to increased leaf size in contrast to timothy whose leaves became progressively smaller towards the end of the season.5. The differences in growth between the species discussed with reference to their dates of ear emergence which in this experiment differed by about 6 weeks.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF GAMAL (Gliricidia sepium) AND INDIGOFERA (Indigofera zollingeriana) FORAGE ON APPLICATION OF ANORGANIC AND ORGANIC FERTILIZER

Pastura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Roni N.G.K. ◽  
S.A. Lindawati
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

The productivity of forage depends on the availability of nutrients in the soil where it is grown, so fertilization to replace harvested produce is absolutely necessary. This study aims to study the response of gamal and indigofera forage on application of inorganic and organic fertilizers. Research using a completely randomized design factorial pattern of two factors, the first factor is the type of plant (G = Gamal; I = Indigofera) and the second factor is the type of fertilizer (T = without Fertilizer; A = Inorganic fertilizer NPK; K = commercial organic fertilizer; O = conventional organic fertilizer; B = bioorganic fertilizer), repeated 4 times so that it consists of 40 experimental units. The variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, total dry weight of leaves, ratio of dry weight of leaves/stems and leaf area per pot. The results showed that there was no interaction between plant species and types of fertilizer in influencing the response of gamal and indigofera plants. Plant species have a significant effect on stem diameter, while fertilizer types have a significant effect on plant height, leaf dry weight, total dry weight of leaves and leaf area per pot. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the response of gamal plants is similar to indigofera, all types of fertilizers can improve the response of plants and organic fertilizers produce the same crop response with inorganic fertilizers. Keywords: gamal, indigofera, inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilizer

Water status and yield of sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) subjected to water stress during four stages of development

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sionit
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Head Formation ◽  
Total Dry Weight

SummaryThe effects on seed yield of two levels of water stress at four stages of development were investigated in two varieties of sunflower, Krasnodarets and Record. The plants were grown from seed in large pots in an air-conditioned glasshouse at 26/20 °C and 70% relative humidity, with natural summer illumination. They were subjected to water stress before head formation, during head formation, during flowering, and during seed development.The leaf water potential of plants subjected to a water stress of – 16 bars returned to normal after rewatering, but plants subjected to – 23 bars did not return to their prestress level and some leaves died. A water stress of – 16 bars caused no significant reduction in dry weight of the vegetative structures, but stress at all stages of growth reduced seed yield. A water stress of – 23 bars reduced both total dry weight and seed yield at all stages of growth, seed yield being reduced more by a stress of – 23 bars than of – 16 bars. Oil content was slightly reduced by water stress.Water stress during anthesis reduced sunflower seed yield more than during later stages of development.

Effects of subsoil calcium on the root growth of some lucerne genotypes (Medicago sativa L.) in acidic soil profiles

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Simpson ◽  
A Pinkerton ◽  
J Lazdovskis
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Soil Calcium ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Final Harvest

The root growth of lucerne was examined in an acidic soil profile modified by varying additions of calcium carbonate to different layers of the subsoil. Root growth responded strongly to changes in the concentration of exchangeable soil calcium. Symptoms of thickening, distortion and poor lateral formation occurred under low calcium treatments. The results were in agreement with the interacting effects of calcium (at 0.5–5.0mM) and aluminium ions (at 0–20,µM) on lucerne in separate solution culture experiments. Differences in root penetration were observed between three lucerne clones selected from the cultivars Hunter River and Siro Peruvian. At the first harvest, the magnitude of these differences was increased by the addition of lime to the profiles. The three genotypes produced similar total dry weight yields, but differed in their distribution of growth between shoots and roots. This distribution was not affected by the addition of lime to the subsoil. However, the length of roots in the lower layer of the profile ( > 60 cm depth) was more responsive to subsoil treatment than was total dry weight. At the final harvest, the shoot yields of two genotypes were affected by lime treatments, but that of the deepest-rooted genotype was not. The results suggest that improved genotypes could be selected from Australian lucernes for establishment in areas with acidic subsoils, but that selection on root penetration alone would not necessarily lead to increased shoot yields.

A comparison of the vegetative growth, development and seed yield of three varieties of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.

1970 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Ojeaga Ojehomon
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Area Index ◽  
New Era ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Leaf Area Duration

SUMMARYThe vegetative growth, flowering and seed yield of three cowpea varieties—Adzuki, Mala and New Era—with contrasting yields, were compared in one field and two greenhouse experiments. In the field the plants were spaced so far apart that they did not form a closed stand, but were effectively individuals, like the potted plants used in the greenhouse experiments. In all experiments New Era yielded most followed by Mala, although the differences between these two varieties were not significant, and Adzuki least.Seed yield and vegetative growth were not simply related. New Era with the highest seed yield had the largest vegetative dry weight, leaf area and leaf area duration (D), followed by Mala, with Adzuki always least in each parameter. However, the superiority of New Era in total dry weight and leaf area was much greater than in seed yield. Mala and Adzuki were more efficient than New Era in converting dry matter into seed. Large fractions of current assimilates moved from the leaves to the seed of Adzuki and Mala than of New Era.Varietal differences in relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, or leaf area ratio were too small to account for varietal differences in seed yield.New Era and Mala produced more flower buds than Adzuki. However, Adzuki developed the largest proportion of ripe fruits, but had more aborted seeds/fruit than New Era and Mala. Thus, increased flower production and fruit formation did not increase the production of mature seeds. Therefore, little would be gained by breeding or selecting for increased flower production. The heavier seeds of Mala and New Era compared with those of Adzuki contributed greatly to their larger yields. At the spacing of 3 ft x 1 ft used in the field, the leaf area index (L) and leaf area duration (D) were suboptimal, and closer spacing should increase yield.

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