scholarly journals Optical characteristics of cryoconite (surface dust) on glaciers: the relationship between light absorbency and the property of organic matter contained in the cryoconite

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nozomu Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
The Other ◽  
Optical Characteristics ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Mineral Particles ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Chemical Conditions

AbstractOptical characteristics of the cryoconite collected from nine glaciers in the Himalaya, Tibet and the Arctic (Canada and Svalbard) were analyzed. The spectral light reflectance (visible region) of the cryoconite on the six glaciers in the Arctic and the Himalayawas generally low, indicating high light absorbency (dark coloration) of the cryoconite. In contrast, the spectral reflectances of the cryoconite on the three glaciers in Tibet were significantly higher than on the other glaciers. There was no significant difference in the spectral reflectance of mineral particles contained in the cryoconite between the Tibetan and the other glaciers, indicating that the difference in the albedo of the cryoconites is not due to the mineral particles, but due to organic matter contained in the cryoconite. Chemical analysis of the organic matter in the cryoconites revealed that the light absorbency of cryoconites is due to the amount of humic substances, which are dark-colored organic substances, the residue of bacterial decomposition of organic matter. The cryoconite of the three glaciers in Tibet contained significantly smaller amounts of humic substances than that of the other glaciers, probably due to different biological or chemical conditions. Results show that the formation of the humic substances in the cryoconite affects its optical characteristics, and possibly affects the surface albedo of the glaciers.

scholarly journals Differences in soil organic matter and humus of sandy soil after application of biochar substrates and combination of biochar substrates with mineral fertilizers

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Dušan Šrank ◽  
Vladimír Šimanský
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sheep Manure ◽  
The Impact

The effort to achieve the sustainable farming system in arable soil led to the intensive search for a new solution but an inspiration can also be found in the application of traditional methods of soil fertility improvement as it is shown in numerous examples in history. Recently many scientific teams have focused their attention on the evaluation of biochar effects on soil properties and crop yields. Since there are a lot of knowledge gaps, especially in explanations how biochar can affect soil organic matter (SOM) and humus substances, we aimed this study at the solution of these questions. Therefore, the objective of the experiment was to evaluate the impact of two biochar substrates (B1 – biochar blended with sheep manure, and B2 – biochar blended with sheep manure and the residue from the biogas station) at two rates (10 and 20 t ha-1) applied alone or in combination with mineral fertilizers (Urea was applied in 2018, at rate 100 kg ha-1, and Urea at rate 100 kg ha-1 + AMOFOS NP 12-52 at 100 kg ha-1 were applied in 2019) on the quantity and quality of SOM and humus of sandy soil (Arenosol, Dolná Streda, Slovakia). The results showed that application of the biochar substrates together with mineral fertilizers (MF) had more pronounced effect on the organic matter mineralization in the sandy soil which resulted in low accumulation of soil organic carbon (Corg) and labile carbon compared to biochar substrates treatments without MF. The share of humic substances in Corg significantly decreased by 16, 50, 16 and 24% in B1 at 10 t ha-1, B1 at 20 t ha-1, B2 at 10 t ha-1 and B2 at 20 t ha-1 treatments, respectively, compared to the control. A similar tendency was observed for biochar substrates treatments + MF, compared to MF control. The carbon content of humic substances (CHS) was equal to 4.40 – 5.80 g kg-1 and the biochar substrates had statistically significant influence on CHS content. On average, there was a smaller decrease of CHS in B1 at rate 10 t ha-1 than at rate 20 t ha-1 and no effect of B2 compared to control. The carbon content of fulvic acid (CFA) was 9% higher in B1 at 10 t ha-1, and 20 t ha-1, 47% higher in B2 at 10 t ha-1 and 17% higher in B2 at 20 t ha-1 compared to control. As a result of biochar substrates + MF application, the reduction in CFA was observed. The results showed a decrease of CHA : CFA ratio with association to biochar substrates alone application compared to control on one hand, and a wider of CHA : CFA ratio in biochar substrates + MF treatments in comparison to MF control on the other hand. Humus stability was increased in biochar substrates alone treatments compared to control, on the other hand, compared to MF control, the application of biochar substrates + MF resulted in a lower humus stability.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Gambut Terbakar Terhadap Beberapa Sifat Fisika Gambut di Kecamatan Tripa Makmur

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-425
Author(s):  
Teuku Muhammad Afrizal ◽  
Hairul Basri ◽  
Muhammad Rusli Alibasyah
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstrak. Gambut mengandung bahan organik yang tinggi. Gambut yang didrainase rentan terhadap kebakaran. Pemanfaatan gambut di Aceh sangat luas. Umumnya, gambut sering dibakar agar dapat dengan cepat dimanfaatkan., khususnya di Kecamatan Tripa Makmur Kabupaten Nagan Raya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat seberapa jauh tingkat perubahan sifat fisika gambut terbakar Rawa Tripa Kabupaten Nagan Raya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata berat volume tertinggi terdapat pada sampel T1 (top soil) yaitu  0,36 g cm-3 dan terendah pada T0 (sub soil) yaitu  0,17 g cm-3. Kadar air tertinggi  terdapat pada sampel T0 (sub soil)  yaitu 234,82% dan terendah pada T1 (top soil) yaitu 81,96%. Porositas tertinggi terdapat pada sampel gambut T0  (sub soil) yaitu 94,93% dan terendah pada T1 (top soil) yaitu 65,28%. Permeabilitas tertinggi terdapat pada T0 (sub soil) yaitu 33,80 cm/jam dan terendah pada T1 (top soil) yaitu 16,10 cm/jam. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada parameter berat volume dengan t hitung (3,482) t tabel (1, 943), sedangkan pada parameter lainnya tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan. Tingkat kematangan gambut di kawasan Tripa Makmur adalah hemik. Kedalaman gambut sebesar 3 meter.  Subsiden tertinggi adalah 100 cm pada gambut terbakar di tahun 2015. Warna  gambut adalah coklat kehitaman. The Effect of Burning Peat on Some of The Physical Porperties of Peat Soil in The Tripa Makmur Sub DistrictAbstract. Peat contains high organic matter. Drained peat is susceptible to fire. The use of peat in Aceh is very broad. Peat is often burned so that it can be quickly utilized especially in Tripa makmur Sub Districk, Nagan Raya Districk. This study aims to see how far the rate of change in the physical properties of peat is burning Rawa Tripa in Nagan Raya District. The results showed that the highest average of volume weight was found in T1(top soil) 0,36 g cm-3 and the lowest in T0(sub soil) 0,17 g cm-3. The highest water content was found inT0(sub soil) 234,82%  and the lowest was on T1(top soil) 81,96%. The highest porosity was found T0(sub soil) 94,93% and the lowest in T1(top soil) 65,28%. The highest permeability is found in T0(sub soil) 33,80 cm/hour and the lowest is on T1(top soil) 16,10 cm/hour. The results of statistical tests show that there is a significant difference in the parameters of volume weight with t count 3,482 t table 1,943, while in the other parameters have no significant differences. The level of maturity in the Tripa Makmur area is hemik. Peat depth of 3 meters. The highest subsidance is 100 cm on burning peat in 2015. The color of this peat is blackish brown. 

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN KUALITAS PRODUK DAN MINAT MENABUNG PADA LPD DESA ADAT TAJUN DENGAN DESA ADAT TEGAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Eka Swarnadi Luh ◽  
Ketut Budi Susrusa ◽  
Ida Ayu Listia Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Research Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

LPDs are non-bank financial institutions that are regulated and approved by the Regional Regulations of the Province of Bali. The management of LPD is fully handed over to the relevant Pakraman village. In line with the rapid development of LPDs, it turns out that on the other hand it shows diverse performance, so that LPDs need to pay attention to the level of product quality and customer interest in the products offered.            The purpose of the study was to determine the comparison of product quality and interest in saving at the Tajun Traditional Village LPD with the Traditional Village of Tegal. The number of samples from Tajun Adat Village LPD was 98 people and the LPD of Tegal Traditional Village was 84 people. The research data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney Test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the quality of the products of the Adat Village of Tajun LPD and the Traditional Village of Tegal. This difference is indicated by indicators of physical evidence, reliability, responsiveness and empathy. The product quality of Tajun Adat Village's LPD is better than the traditional village of Tegal. There is a significant difference between the interest in saving the traditional village of Tajun LPD and the traditional village of Tegal. The difference is in the indicator of confidence. Interest in Saving Tajun Indigenous Village LPD is higher than the Traditional Village of Tegal.

scholarly journals A comparison of animated versus static images in an instructional multimedia presentation

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Daly ◽  
J. M. Bulloch ◽  
M. Ma ◽  
D. Aidulis
Keyword(s):  
Student Satisfaction ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multimedia Presentation ◽  
Still Images ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Essay Question ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Video Compositing

Sophisticated three-dimensional animation and video compositing software enables the creation of complex multimedia instructional movies. However, if the design of such presentations does not take account of cognitive load and multimedia theories, then their effectiveness as learning aids will be compromised. We investigated the use of animated images versus still images by creating two versions of a 4-min multimedia presentation on vascular neuroeffector transmission. One version comprised narration and animations, whereas the other animation comprised narration and still images. Fifty-four undergraduate students from level 3 pharmacology and physiology undergraduate degrees participated. Half of the students watched the full animation, and the other half watched the stills only. Students watched the presentation once and then answered a short essay question. Answers were coded and marked blind. The “animation” group scored 3.7 (SE: 0.4; out of 11), whereas the “stills” group scored 3.2 (SE: 0.5). The difference was not statistically significant. Further analysis of bonus marks, awarded for appropriate terminology use, detected a significant difference in one class (pharmacology) who scored 0.6 (SE: 0.2) versus 0.1 (SE: 0.1) for the animation versus stills group, respectively ( P = 0.04). However, when combined with the physiology group, the significance disappeared. Feedback from students was extremely positive and identified four main themes of interest. In conclusion, while increasing student satisfaction, we do not find strong evidence in favor of animated images over still images in this particular format. We also discuss the study design and offer suggestions for further investigations of this type.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Analytical F14C Bone Background Value at SUERC

Radiocarbon ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 1463-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Dunbar ◽  
P Naysmith ◽  
G T Cook ◽  
E M Scott ◽  
S Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Background Subtraction ◽  
Subtraction Method ◽  
Background Values ◽  
Background Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Step ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe SUERC Radiocarbon Laboratory employs a one-step “background subtraction” method when calculating 14C ages. An interglacial wood (VIRI Sample K) is employed as the non-bone organic background standard, while a mammoth bone (LQH12) from Latton Quarry is used as the bone background standard. Results over several years demonstrate that the bone background is consistently around a factor of two higher and more variable than the wood background. As a result, the uncertainty on routine bone measurements is higher than for other sample types. This study investigates the factors that may contribute to the difference in F14C values and the higher variability. Preparations of collagen using modified Longin or ultrafiltration methods show no significant difference, nor does eliminating the collagen dissolution step. Two bone samples of known infinite age with respect to radiocarbon are compared and again no significant difference is observed. Finally, the quantity and age of the organic matter in the water used during the pretreatment is investigated and it is shown that there is insufficient organic matter in the reverse osmosis water to influence background values significantly. The attention is now on determining if incomplete demineralization could lead to contaminants being retained by the phosphate in the hydroxyapatite.

Use your best endeavours to discover a sheltered and safe harbour

Polar Record ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 361-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Park ◽  
Douglas R. Stenton
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
Safe Harbour ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ultimate Cause ◽  
Desperate Attempt ◽  
Ice Pack

AbstractOn 24 May 1847, Sir John Franklin’s third expedition reported “All well”, but less than a year later, on 22 April 1848, the 129 sailors who had set out from Britain on Erebus and Terror had been reduced to 105 survivors departing their frozen ships in a desperate attempt to escape the Arctic. At least 24 were so unhealthy that they would perish after having travelled little more than 100 km from the ships. By contrast, the small mortality rates on other contemporary Arctic expeditions, some of which stayed in the Arctic considerably longer, were consistent with the mortality rates in the Royal Navy worldwide. This paper explores the question of what difference caused so many of Franklin’s crew to die during their final months on-board the ships and in the initial stages of the escape attempt. From the perspective of cultural ecology, the most significant difference, and the ultimate cause of the catastrophe as it unfolded, was wintering in the ice pack. This distinguished the Franklin expedition from all of the other comparable overwintering expeditions, and precluded the Erebus and Terror crews from hunting or fishing. That in turn led to nutritional deficiencies due to much greater reliance on stored provisions than other expeditions.

scholarly journals Comparing the Effects of Two Feeding Methods on Metabolic Bone Disease in Newborns with Very Low Birth Weights

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asghar Lotfi ◽  
Kobra Shiasi ◽  
Razieh Amini ◽  
Mohammad Jahangiri ◽  
Mohammad Reza Sharif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Metabolic Bone Disease ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metabolic Bone ◽  
Preterm Formula ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Feeding Methods ◽  
The Difference

<p><strong>INTRODUCTION: </strong>Bone metabolic disease is an important issue in newborns with very low birth weight. The 80 percent of the transport of calcium (Ca) and phosphor (P) from mother to fetus takes place in the third trimester of pregnancy. This transport process is impaired with the preterm delivery of the newborn. On the other side, breast milk and formula are not competent resources to supply sufficient amounts of Ca and P to meet the requirements of the preterm newborn, thereby a greater reduction in the storage of these minerals. The current study has been done with the purpose of comparing the effects of two feeding methods on the indices of metabolic bone disease in newborns with very low birth weights (VLBW).</p> <p><strong>MATERIALS &amp; METHODS:</strong> The study design was cohort and the study was done on a total of 58 newborns with very low birth weights in Kashan Shahid Beheshti Hospital. The newborns were divided into two groups with 29 placed in the group of alternate feeding on preterm formula (preNan) and the other 29 placed in the group of breast milk and preterm formula (preNan). Eventually, the indices of bone metabolic disease were measured in both groups and were statistically analyzed.</p> <p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>The difference between the mean serum levels of Ca in different weeks and also between the two groups were significant (p=0.001). However, the changes in mean serum level of P in the two groups were not significant (P=0.151). The comparison of serum levels of alkaline phosphatase between the two groups indicated that their difference was significant and that they had been influenced by the feeding method (P=0.001). The serum level of bicarbonate, when compared between the two groups, was found to make a significant difference (P=0.001). The difference between the two feeding methods in precipitating rickets and osteopenia was not significant.</p> <p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> According to the findings of current study, feeding on preterm formula (preNan) is associated with better and more desirable results, though the occurrence of rickets in the two groups had no significant difference.</p>

A note on the effect of dentition and age in sheep on the intake of herbage

1983 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Newton ◽  
Caroline Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intermediate Group ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTThe intake of ten 5-year-old Masham ewes with good teeth, five 7-year-old Mashams with poor teeth and nine 10-year-old ewes with poor teeth was measured when they were offered long (35·1 cm) or short grass (3·8 cm) outdoors or poor quality hay indoors. The young ewes ate significantly more grass and hay than the old ewes, but the difference in daily intake was greater with long grass (1473 v. 751 g organic matter per head) and with hay (895 v. 421) than with short grass (617 v. 407). The intermediate age ewes ate as much of the long grass and of the hay as the young ewes, but less of the short grass. This suggests that age influenced intake more than did tooth condition, except when short grass was offered.Within the oldest but not within the intermediate group of ewes, there was a significant correlation between the number of incisors and organic matter intake, except with the long grass, but there was no correlation between the number of cheek teeth and intake. When offered hay, the only group with a reduced in vivo digestibility was the intermediate group of ewes, the other two groups having a similar digestibility.There was no correlation between number of incisors or number of molars and in vivo digestibility.

Materials-Based Occupation versus Imagery-Based Occupation versus Rote Exercise: A Replication and Extension

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P. DeKuiper ◽  
David L. Nelson ◽  
Bob E. White
Keyword(s):  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Residential Facilities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vertical Distance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Distance Variable

Historically, occupational therapists have embedded exercise within occupation to enhance performance. In a recent study Lang, Nelson, and Bush (1992) compared the effects of materials-based occupation (kicking a balloon), imagery-based occupation (imagining kicking a balloon), and rote exercise on the number of exercise repetitions performed. This study extends that study by measuring the vertical distance and speed of the movement by means of Motion Analysis, Inc. digitization of videotape, in addition to exercise repetitions. The subjects included 24 women and 4 men between 76 and 98 years of age residing in residential facilities. All of the subjects experienced the three conditions but in different orders. After a statistically significant analysis of variance across the three conditions (p<.001), the Tukey procedure determined that the materials-based occupation condition elicited significantly more repetitions than the other two conditions. The difference between the imagery-based occupation and rote exercise was not statistically significant. Analyses of variance indicated no significant difference between conditions for both the vertical distance variable ( p=.074) and the speed variable ( p=.61).

scholarly journals Effect of Cirripedia sp. Flour As Subtitutional Feed Source of Protein Against Dried Disease and Organic Material Rabbit Rain Type Rex

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bodhi Agustono ◽  
Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari ◽  
Mohammad Anam Al Arif ◽  
Ragil Angga Prastiya ◽  
Faisal Fikri
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Feed Source ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The Difference

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of Cirripedia sp. flour as feed substitution of protein source in feed on the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter in 100 male rex broilers. The research was experimental by using a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications. Substitution of Cirripedia sp. flour respectively in feed were 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% given for four weeks. Data collection was carried out in the fourth week (for seven days) which included consumption data, manure weight and analysis of treatment feed and manure analysis. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and the difference between treatments was determined by the Duncan test. The results showed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) and that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) on the digestibility of rex broilers. This shows that the substitution of Cirripedia sp. flour in feed can replace animal protein sources in fish meal in complete feed rabbits.Key words : Cirripedia sp, digestibility, feed subtitution, flour, rabbit.

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