The distribution and prehistory of Eucalypt diversicolor F. Muell., E. marginata Donn ex Sm., and E. calophylla R. Br. in relation to rainfall

1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Churchill
Keyword(s):  
Relative Increase ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
The Past ◽  
Peat Deposits ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Substantial Change ◽  
Eucalyptus Diversicolor

Fossil pollen of Eucalyptus diversicolor, E. marginata, and E. calophylla has been identified in peat deposits from south-western Australia, where the species are prominent and economically important forest trees. The extant distribution of each species has been surveyed and the presence or absence of each, within and beyond the margins of their ranges, shows a close relationship with the mean rainfall of the wettest and driest months of the year. No such relationship was found with temperature data, and it is evident that the availability of water is a major factor influencing the distribution of these three species. Past changes in the relative eucalypt pollen frequencies have been dated by radiocarbon assay, and the dates appear to cluster around 3000,1200, and 500 B.C. and A.D. 400 and 1200. Charcoal is common in the peat and it is evident that fires have frequently occurred around the sites investigated, for at least the past 5000 years. Many of these fires have severely burnt and truncated the peat deposits. However, charcoal is not always present at levels of substantial change in the pollen frequencies, from which it is concluded that equilibrium between these forest eucalypts and fire has existed for at least the past 7000 years. Fossil evidence of the presence of prehistoric man in Australia predates the period under investigation, but the impact of man on the vegetation was probably limited to his use of fire. From what is known of the moisture requirements of the two species, it seems probable that a climate which favoured a relative increase of the E. diversicolor/E. Calophylla ratio would be much wetter than that which would favour a high E. calophylla/E. diversicolor ratio. This being the case, it is evident from the prehistoric changes in the ratios of these two species that the climate from at least 4000 until 3000 B.C. was wetter than at present, and thereafter it became increasingly dry (maximum dryness at c. 1200 B.C.) until about 500 B.C., when conditions once more became wetter and continued so until A.D. 500; after this a period of rapid drying out is evident until A.D. 1200-1500, when conditions became wetter up to the present day.

IMPACT OF KVK TRAINING PROGRAMMES ON KNOWLEDGE AND ADOPTION OF CHICKPEA PRODUCTION INNOVATIONS IN MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. MEENA ◽  
Lokesh SIROHIYA ◽  
S. KANT ◽  
S. L. BAIRWA ◽  
A. JHAJHARIA
Keyword(s):  
Production Technology ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Pulse Crop ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Recommended Practices ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
The Impact

Chickpea is an important pulse crop in India. Its production is stagnating and its variability is increased in the past three decades. The present study is an attempt to examine the impact of KVK Training programmes on knowledge and adoption of Chickpea production technology among participating and non- participating farmers of Sihora block of Jabalpur District Madhya Pradesh. The mean knowledge scores of participating and non-participating respondents about chickpea practices were 23.53 and 16.03 indicating that through training imparted by the KVK, the participating respondents have shown better results over non- participating respondents. Comparatively higher percentages of non- participating respondents were observed in medium and low level of adoption. Overall mean adoption score indicates that respondents have not fully adopted the recommended practices of chickpea crop. Difference in extent of adoption between participating and non-participating respondents was highly significant.

scholarly journals Exposure to Negative Weight Talk From Family Members Is Associated With Weight Bias Internalization in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1241-1241
Author(s):  
Katherine Rancaño ◽  
Misha Eliasziw ◽  
Rebecca Puhl ◽  
Margie Skeer ◽  
Aviva Must
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Weight Bias ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Negative Weight ◽  
The Past ◽  
Weight Bias Internalization ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Frequent exposure to negative familial weight talk (NFWT), such as teasing or critical comments about weight from family members, may contribute to weight bias internalization (WBI) in children. WBI entails applying negative weight-based stereotypes to oneself and results in self-devaluation. Higher levels of WBI are linked to adverse outcomes, such as low self-esteem and disordered eating. We examined the association between NFWT exposure and WBI in a diverse sample of children from the Greater Boston Area. Methods Baseline data on 137 parent-child dyads were analyzed. Children, 9–14yo, completed six items measuring NFWT frequency on a 6-point Likert scale (“never” to “almost every day”) from parents, siblings, and other household family members. Responses were converted to times in the past 3 months, summed, and dichotomized as < 9 times vs. ≥9 times. Children completed the WBI Scale–Modified indicating their agreement with applying negative weight-based statements to themselves on a 6-point Likert scale (“strongly disagree” to “strongly agree”). Responses were averaged and the mean WBI score was dichotomized as “low” (<3.0) versus “moderate-high” (≥3.0). Results Over half (52%) of the children were girls and 30% had overweight/obesity (BMI > 85th percentile). Half of the parents were non-Hispanic white. The mean child WBI score was 2.1 (SD = 0.9) and 15% had moderate-high levels of WBI. The median NFWT frequency was 0 (IQR = 6.0) and 25% reported NFWT ≥ 9 times. Children exposed to NFWT ≥ 9 times were 8.2 times more likely to have moderate-high levels of WBI than children exposed to NFWT < 9 times in the past 3 months (prevalence ratio = 8.2, 95%CI = 3.4 to 20.0, P < 0.001, by log binomial regression adjusted for child weight and parent race/ethnicity). Conclusions Family members appear to be a salient source of weight stigma in children. Exposure to NFWT as little as 3 times per month was significantly associated with moderate-high levels of WBI in this diverse sample of children. More research is needed to understand the impact of NFWT on child WBI, such as differences across racial/ethnic groups, by source (i.e., parents versus siblings), and across the lifespan. Funding Sources National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the National Institute of Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.

Association between Transfusion Status (TS) and Clinical and Economic Outcomes in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) from the Physicians' Perspective

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 28-29
Author(s):  
Austin Kulasekararaj ◽  
Shaloo Gupta ◽  
Thomas Schroeder ◽  
Halley Constantino ◽  
Jay Grisolano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Risk ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Bleeding Events ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Studies have shown that transfusion-dependent (TD) patients with MDS have worse overall survival (OS) than transfusion-independent (TI) patients. However, few studies have examined physicians' perspectives on the relationship between transfusion dependence and OS and other clinical and economic outcomes in MDS. The current study investigated physicians' understanding of the impact of transfusion status (TS) on clinical and economic outcomes in 5 European countries. Methods: Interviews were conducted with physicians (3 each in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK) to pre-test and revise the study questionnaire, a 40-minute web-based physician survey via the M3 Global Research physician panel, for relevance and understanding. The revised questionnaire was translated to allow physicians to complete the survey in their native language. To participate in the survey, physicians had to be specialized in oncology/hematology, have been in practice for 2-35 years, spend ≥ 75% of their time in direct patient care, and have managed ≥ 15 patients with MDS in the past 3 months. The survey asked physicians for their perspectives on the impact of TS on risk of death, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) progression, chance of leukemia-free state (LFS), significant bleeding events, number of infection events, hospitalizations, and ER visits, based on their own clinical experience, beliefs, and knowledge of the literature. In the instructions accompanying the survey, physicians were provided with a definition of transfusion dependence (≥ 1 unit(s) every 8 weeks), transfusion burden (TB; high burden: ≥ 4 units every 4 weeks), and MDS International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) and revised IPSS (IPSS-R) risk levels to ensure consistency across all physicians. All results were reported descriptively, with frequency counts and percentages for categorical/ordinal data and mean (standard error [SE]) for continuous data. Results: Overall, 244 hematologist/oncologists, 124 hematologists, and 10 oncologists completed the survey in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK (n = 75 [approx.] in each country). On average, physicians were in practice for 14.70 years (SE 0.32), 41.3% were between the age of 45 and 54 years, and 64.3% were male. Physicians had seen an average of 54.5 patients (SE 2.26) with MDS in the past 3 months. The average risk of death among TI patients versus TD patients was 35.27% (SE 1.06) lower in the lower-risk MDS population and 37.61% (SE 0.87) lower among patients of all risk levels. The average risk of death among patients with low versus high TB was 42.65% (SE 0.95) lower among lower-risk TD patients and 41.89% (SE 0.75) lower among all-risk TD patients. The average risk of death for TD patients who became TI after treatment was 40.64% (SE 0.79) lower than for those who remained TD after treatment, across all risk levels (Figure). Similar results were found for AML progression and chance of LFS with TD patients having worse outcomes. The mean number of infection events per person per year (PPPY) was reported to be 3.96 (SE 0.82) for lower-risk TI patients and 5.15 (SE 0.91) for lower-risk TD patients, and the mean number of significant bleeding events PPPY reported was 2.88 (SE 0.85) for lower-risk TI patients and 3.46 (SE 0.81) for lower-risk TD patients. The mean number of all-cause hospitalizations PPPY reported was 3.62 (SE 0.76) among TI patients and 6.35 (SE 0.89) among TD patients. Physicians also reported TI patients having 3.28 (SE 0.84) ER visits PPPY and TD patients having 5.61 (SE 0.84) ER visits PPPY. These findings were numerically similar across all 5 countries. Conclusions: Overall, physicians reported a greater risk of death, AML progression, and leukemic death, more infections and significant bleeding events, and increased hospitalization and ER visits for patients with MDS who are TD versus TI, based on their clinical experience and knowledge of the literature. The results were similar across patients with different risk levels and across the countries in question. New treatment options for patients with MDS to reduce or eliminate TB are warranted. Disclosures Kulasekararaj: Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc.: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Gupta:Kantar: Current Employment; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding. Constantino:Kantar: Current Employment. Grisolano:Kantar: Current Employment; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy. Tang:Bristol Myers Squibb: Current Employment; Asclepius Analytics: Current Employment. Jones:Bristol Myers Squibb: Current Employment. Tang:BMS: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company.

scholarly journals Az egynapos sebészeti ellátás igénybevételi mutatóinak elemzése Magyarországon

2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (17) ◽  
pp. 670-678
Author(s):  
Róbert Pónusz ◽  
Dóra Endrei ◽  
Dalma Kovács ◽  
Noémi Németh ◽  
Bence Schiszler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Day Surgery ◽  
Insurance Fund ◽  
The Past ◽  
Care Services ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: Introduction: The impact of one-day surgery has been increasing since the past few decades. This type of health service could fulfil many requirements of health policy, health care services, governments as well as patients. Aim: The aim of the research was to assess the publicly financed case numbers and interventions of one-day surgery in Hungary between 2010 and 2015 from different aspects. Method: A retrospective and quantitative research was made, based on data of the National Health Insurance Fund of Hungary. The database contained all publicly financed one-day surgery cases (both theoretical and performed cases), intervention codes (WHO) as well as the related medical field. Then the database also contained all relevant information related to the patients (age, sex, residency according to the county) and the type of the provider health care institutions. Results: Our results showed an increasing tendency according to the case numbers of one-day surgery from 130 995 (2010) to 251 328 (2015). The mean age of patients also increased in the analyzed period; in 2010: 47.4 years, in 2015: 54.5 years. In 2010, 42% of the theoretically defined one-day surgery cases were practically performed as one-day surgery cases which increased significantly to 65% in 2015. Gynecology, ophthalmology, general surgery and urology have had a significant impact in one-day surgery in Hungary. Conclusion: The analyzed data showed a significant increase of accounted cases, and we could identify the remarkable impact of gynecology and ophthalmology in one-day surgery in Hungary. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(17): 670–678.

Investigating the effects of combinations of irregularities on seismic ductility demands and mean response for four-span RC bridges considering displacement direction

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 105-117
Author(s):  
Mohsen Sajed ◽  
Payam Tehrani
Keyword(s):  
Time History ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Displacement Direction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Support Conditions ◽  
Irregular Bridges ◽  
Ground Motion Records ◽  
The Impact

The effects of combinations of different types of irregularities have not been studied in details in the past and current seismic design codes do not address this issue appropriately. In this research, 76 regular and irregular bridges with irregularities in both superstructure and substructure were designed and evaluated to investigate the impact of combinations of irregularities on the seismic ductility demands. The irregularity parameters considered in this study include irregularities in span arrangement, different lengths of columns, different abutments support conditions and different stiffness of superstructure. The bridges were designed and checked according to AASHTO provisions. Inelastic time history analysis was conducted using OpenSees software and ductility demands in bridge columns for different bridge configurations were predicted. Predictions of ductility demands were based on the mean responses obtained using a number of ground motion records. Finally, the effect of considering displacement directions in predicting the mean bridge response (i.e., using different methods for predicting the mean response) for irregular and regular bridges was investigated. The results indicate that the combinations of irregularities can significantly increase the ductility demands in some cases compared to the case of regular bridges.

scholarly journals Investigation of mean monthly maximum temperature of Thailand using mapping analysis method: A case study of summer 1987 to 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Nutthakarn Phumkokrux ◽  
Somkamon Rukveratham
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Temperature Trend ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Temperature Characteristics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mapping Analysis ◽  
The Mean

This study aims to study distribution of air temperature characteristics and to analyse the trend of mean monthly maximum temperature changed in summer of Thailand from 1987 to 2019. The study was performed by gathering the temperature data from 83 meteorological stations around Thailand. The study focused on the months February to May in the years 1987 to 2019. Then, distribution of air temperature characteristics maps and graph of each month in each year are created to analyse the distribution and trend of mean monthly maximum temperature over the past 33 years. The results showed that, for every year, the mean monthly maximum temperature increased from February to April and decreased in May. Moreover, the maps presented that the air temperature in the western of Thailand was higher than the eastern of Thailand. Furthermore, the temperature trend illustrated that the mean monthly maximum temperature of all months in summer was increasing, especially May. Totally, the trend of the air temperature in summer was rising by 0.0087°C per year.

Heat Waves Evolution in Senegal under Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Jeanne G. Sambou ◽  
Benjamin Pohl ◽  
Serge Janicot ◽  
Adjoua Moise Famien ◽  
Pascal Roucou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Maximum Minimum ◽  
Intense Heat

<p>Following the high temperatures recorded in the Sahel during 2010 and most recently in May 2013 in the northern part of Senegal where the temperature oscillated between 45 and 50 degrees, significant human deaths were recorded. A good understanding of the dynamics of these heat waves thus become necessary not only to improve the prediction of these events, but also to better assess the impact of future climate change on the occurrence and intensification of these heat waves. To address this issue, simulated CMIP5 daily bias-corrected temperature data interpolated on a 0.5° grid over 1950-2099 have been used by focusing on 3 RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways) scenarios, RCP8.5, RCP4.5 and RCP2.6 . The heat waves in Senegal are defined by relying on exceeding of a moving percentile relative to maximum, minimum and mean temperature during 3 consecutive days over the MAM (March-April-May), the hottest season of the year. Senegal is characterized by a steep zonal temperature gradient from the coast to hinterland. In RCP8.5, the general temperature increase present for the last 60 years (+1.5°C) will continue and reach ~ +5°C in 2100. In this context, at the end of the century the mean temperatures of the western coastal zone will be similar to the present ones of the eastern continental zone, and the warmest spring seasons recorded over the last 15 years will be the norm around 2040. Then exceptional and yet unknown intense heat waves are planned and policy and decision makers will have to anticipate reliable adaptation strategies.</p>

scholarly journals The 100 most-cited articles on pectus deformities: A bibliometric analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Yıldıran ◽  
Güven Sadi Sunam
Keyword(s):  
Core Collection ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Citations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Web

Background: In this study, we aimed to examine the development of knowledge on pectus deformities through a meticulous analysis of the 100 most-cited articles published on this topic. Methods: Publications related to pectus deformities from January 1975 to April 2020 were scanned using the Web of Science Core Collection database. The publications were ranked from maximum to minimum according to the number of citations and were examined in detail. Results: The 100 articles were published in 27 different journals and received a total of 8,290 citations. The average of the impact factors of journals in 2018 was 4.441. The mean citation density of all articles was 5.1±3.8. In the past years, a surgical technique definition and experience transfer were more frequently used, while complications and technical details were started to be presented in recent years. Conclusion: Our study results suggest that the studies of pectus deformities would continue and, from now on, issues such as complications and technical details would come to the forefront in the articles.

Asteroid and Comet Impact Speeds upon Mars: Significance for Panspermia and the Supply of Organics

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Steel
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhilst lithopanspermia depends upon massive impacts occurring at a speed above some limit, the intact delivery of organic chemicals or other volatiles to a planet requires the impact speed to be below some other limit such that a significant fraction of that material escapes destruction. Thus the two opposite ends of the impact speed distributions are the regions of interest in the bioastronomical context, whereas much modelling work on impacts delivers, or makes use of, only the mean speed. Here the probability distributions of impact speeds upon Mars are calculated for (i) the orbital distribution of known asteroids; and (ii) the expected distribution of near-parabolic cometary orbits. It is found that cometary impacts are far more likely to eject rocks from Mars (over 99 percent of the cometary impacts are at speeds above 20 km/sec, but at most 5 percent of the asteroidal impacts); paradoxically, the objects impacting at speeds low enough to make organic/volatile survival possible (the asteroids) are those which are depleted in such species.

Fluorescent potentiometric dyes for membrane-potential imaging

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
Leslie M. Loew
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Excitable Systems ◽  
Major Application ◽  
The Impact

A major application of potentiometric dyes has been the multisite optical recording of electrical activity in excitable systems. After being championed by L.B. Cohen and his colleagues for the past 20 years, the impact of this technology is rapidly being felt and is spreading to an increasing number of neuroscience laboratories. A second class of experiments involves using dyes to image membrane potential distributions in single cells by digital imaging microscopy - a major focus of this lab. These studies usually do not require the temporal resolution of multisite optical recording, being primarily focussed on slow cell biological processes, and therefore can achieve much higher spatial resolution. We have developed 2 methods for quantitative imaging of membrane potential. One method uses dual wavelength imaging of membrane-staining dyes and the other uses quantitative 3D imaging of a fluorescent lipophilic cation; the dyes used in each case were synthesized for this purpose in this laboratory.

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