scholarly journals Optimising grapevine summer stress responses and hormonal balance by applying kaolin in two Portuguese Demarcated Regions

OENO One ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-222
Author(s):  
Sara Bernardo ◽  
Lia-Tânia Dinis ◽  
Ana Luzio ◽  
Nelson Machado ◽  
Alexandre Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Hormonal Balance ◽  
Summer Stress ◽  
Grapevine Leaves

In Mediterranean-like climate areas, field-grown grapevines are typically exposed to severe environmental conditions during the summer season, which can negatively impact the sustainability of viticulture. Despite the short-term mitigation strategies available nowadays to cope with climate change, little is known regarding their effectiveness in different demarcated winegrowing regions with differing climate features. Hence, we applied a kaolin suspension (5 %) to Touriga-Franca (TF) and Touriga-Nacional (TN) grapevine varieties located in two Portuguese demarcated regions (Alentejo and Douro) with different mesoclimates to study its effect on the physiological performance, hormonal balance and ABA-related grapevine leaf gene expression during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. Data show that 2017 was warmer than 2018 due to the occurrence of two heatwaves in both locations, highlighting the protective effect of kaolin application under severe environmental conditions. In the first study year, at midday, kaolin enhanced water use efficiency (23 % in Douro and 13 % in Alentejo), carbon assimilation rates (PN; 72 % in Douro and 25 % in Alentejo), and the soluble sugar content of grapevine leaves, while decreasing the accumulation of plant growth regulators (ABA, IAA, and SA) during the ripening stage. The results show an up-regulation of ABA biosynthesis-related genes (VvNCED) in TF treated vines from the Douro vineyard mainly in 2017, suggesting an increased stress response under severe summer conditions. Additionally, kaolin triggered the expression of ABA-responsive genes (VvHVA22a and VvSnRK2.6) mainly in TF, indicating different varietal responses to kaolin application under fluctuating periods of summer stress.

Kaolin impacts on hormonal balance, polyphenolic composition and oenological parameters in red grapevine berries during ripening

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Sara Bernardo ◽  
Lia-Tânia Dinis ◽  
Nelson Machado ◽  
Ana Barros ◽  
Marta Pitarch-Bielsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Polyphenolic Composition ◽  
Berry Ripening ◽  
Hormonal Balance ◽  
Summer Stress ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
Stress Signals

BACKGROUND: Kaolin particle-film application is a well-known strategy to avoid fruit damage. However, its putative role in balancing berry ripening under a changing climate remains poorly explored. OBJECTIVE: We assessed kaolin treatment effect on several ripening berry components, hormonal balance and oenological parameters of the field-grown Touriga-Franca (TF) and Touriga–Nacional (TN) grapevine varieties at veraison (EL35) and ripening (EL38) during two growing seasons (2017 and 2018). RESULTS: Under the adverse summer conditions (two heatwave events) of 2017, kaolin application increased 211.2 %and 51.4 %the salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) levels in TF berries at EL38, while no significant differences were observed in TN. Conversely, TF, and TN kaolin treated berries showed lower SA and ABA accumulation in 2018, respectively. Tartaric acid content increased about 17.2 %, and 24.2 %in TF and TN treated berries at stage EL35 in the 2017 growing season. Though kaolin treatment had no consistent effect on anthocyanins accumulation, flavonoids, ortho-diphenols and tannins increased in kaolin treated grapevines in 2017. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the key role of climate in triggering ripening related processes and fruit quality potential. Nevertheless, kaolin treated grapevines displayed an improved response to oxidative stress signals by increasing secondary metabolites accumulation in warm vintages. Kaolin application promoted different varietal responses, with a possible ripening delaying effect in TF, reinforcing its efficiency in alleviating severe summer stress impacts.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis of Sonneratia caseolaris seedlings under chilling stress

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11506
Author(s):  
Yong Yang ◽  
Chunfang Zheng ◽  
Cairong Zhong ◽  
Tianxi Lu ◽  
Juma Gul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Sonneratia Caseolaris ◽  
Chilling Response ◽  
Great Damage

Sonneratia caseolaris is a native mangrove species found in China. It is fast growing and highly adaptable for mangrove afforestation, but suffered great damage by chilling event once introduced to high latitude area. To understand the response mechanisms under chilling stress, physiological and transcriptomic analyses were conducted. The relative electrolyte conductivity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, soluble sugar content and soluble protein content increased significantly under chilling stress. This indicated that S. caseolaris suffered great damage and increased the levels of osmoprotectants in response to the chilling stress. Gene expression comparison analysis of S. caseolaris leaves after 6 h of chilling stress was performed at the transcriptional scale using RNA-Seq. A total of 168,473 unigenes and 3,706 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that the DEGs were mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism, antioxidant enzyme, plant hormone signal transduction, and transcription factors (TFs). Sixteen genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism, antioxidant enzyme, phytohormones and TFs were selected for qRT-PCR verification, and they indicated that the transcriptome data were reliable. Our work provided a comprehensive review of the chilling response of S. caseolaris at both physiological and transcriptomic levels, which will prove useful for further studies on stress-responses in mangrove plants.

scholarly journals GmFULa improves soybean yield by enhancing carbon assimilation without altering flowering time or maturity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanlei Yue ◽  
Shi Sun ◽  
Jiawen Li ◽  
Haidong Yu ◽  
Hongxia Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Control Seed

Abstract Key message GmFULa improved soybean yield by enhancing carbon assimilation. Meanwhile, different from known yield-related genes, it did not alter flowering time or maturity. Abstract Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is highly demanded by a continuously growing human population. However, increasing soybean yield is a major challenge. FRUITFULL (FUL), a MADS-box transcription factor, plays important roles in multiple developmental processes, especially fruit and pod development, which are crucial for soybean yield formation. However, the functions of its homologs in soybean are not clear. Here, through haplotype analysis, we found that one haplotype of the soybean homolog GmFULa (GmFULa-H02) is dominant in cultivated soybeans, suggesting that GmFULa-H02 was highly selected during domestication and varietal improvement of soybean. Interestingly, transgenic overexpression of GmFULa enhanced vegetative growth with more biomass accumulated and ultimately increased the yield but without affecting the plant height or changing the flowering time and maturity, indicating that it enhances the efficiency of dry matter accumulation. It also promoted the yield factors like branch number, pod number and 100-seed weight, which ultimately increased the yield. It increased the palisade tissue cell number and the chlorophyll content to promote photosynthesis and increase the soluble sugar content in leaves and fresh seeds. Furthermore, GmFULa were found to be sublocalized in the nucleus and positively regulate sucrose synthases (SUSs) and sucrose transporters (SUTs) by binding with the conserved CArG boxes in their promoters. Overall, these results showed GmFULa promotes the capacity of assimilation and the transport of the resultant assimilates to increase yield, and provided insights into the link between GmFULa and sucrose synthesis with transport-related molecular pathways that control seed yield.

Ozone inhibits phloem loading from a transport pool: compartmental efflux analysis in Pima cotton

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 859 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Grantz ◽  
John F. Farrar
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Compartmental Analysis ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Phloem Loading ◽  
Assimilate Transport ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pima Cotton ◽  
Two Compartment Model

This paper originates from a presentation at the International Conference on Assimilate Transport and Partitioning, Newcastle, NSW, August 1999 The rate of export of recent photoassimilate from source leaves of Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) is inhibited by ozone (O3). To characterize these effects on export, source leaves of Pima cotton were exposed to pulses (0.75 h) of O3 (0.0, 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8 L L–1) followed by pulses of 14CO2. Leaves were monitored by gas exchange and with a Geiger–Muller tube, for a sufficient period to characterize carbon assimilation (A) and a rapid and a slower phase of export. Double exponential decay functions (two-compartment model) were fitted and a compartmental analysis conducted. O3 reduced by half the fast rate constant describing export from a transport pool, without affecting the rate constants for transport from or to a storage compartment. Measured soluble sugar contents increased slightly from control concentrations (1.2 g C m–2) by about 5–10% at all O3 concentrations. The calculated soluble sugar content in the transport pool increased from about 200 to 300 mg C m–2 with increasing exposure to O3. The calculated storage pool did not respond to O3 but exceeded measured contents. This discrepancy is attributed to starch deposition and mobilization, which are not considered in the two-compartment model, uncertainties in slower decay parameters, and non-steady-state A induced by O3 exposure. Specific inhibition of rapid efflux suggests oxidant damage at the plasmalemma or plasmodesmata of mesophyll or phloem companion cells, and little effect on the tonoplast. A was affected less than export. Future research should target oxidation of components involved in phloem loading.

scholarly journals Effects of Abscisic Acid on ex vitro Acclimatization of Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Pers.

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfredo Colón-Guasp ◽  
Terril A. Nell ◽  
Michael E. Kane ◽  
James E. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Ex Vitro

The use of abscisic acid (ABA) as an in vitro prehardening treatment to enhance ex vitro acclimatization of Stage III Aronia arbutifolia plantlets was explored. Effects of ABA (0-4 mg·liter-1) pretreatment on ex vitro shoot growth, leaf carbon assimilation (LCA) and nonstructural carbohydrate content were evaluated during plantlet acclimatization under two photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) levels (450 and 650 μmol·m-2·s-1). Stage III plantlets rooted in the presence of ABA exhibited both shoot growth inhibition and transient negative LCA rates at time of transfer ex vitro. Regardless of treatment, maximum LCA rates were achieved by day 20 post-transplant. Pretreatment with ABA had no effect on stem or leaf starch content at time of transplant, however, leaf and stem soluble sugar content was higher in ABA treated plantlets than controls. Further suppression of shoot growth and alteration in the pattern of stem starch utilization occurred at the higher irradiance level. These results indicate that ABA pretreatments provide no physiological advantage that would facilitate ex vitro acclimatization of Aronia plantlets.

scholarly journals IPA1 Negatively Regulates Early Rice Seedling Development by Interfering with Starch Metabolism via the GA and WRKY Pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6605
Author(s):  
Yonggang He ◽  
Menghao Zhu ◽  
Zhihui Li ◽  
Shan Jiang ◽  
Zijun He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Starch Metabolism ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Amylase Genes ◽  
Early Seedling

Ideal Plant Architecture 1 (IPA1) encodes SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 14 (SPL14) with a pleiotropic effect on regulating rice development and biotic stress responses. To investigate the role of IPA1 in early seedling development, we developed a pair of IPA1/ipal-NILs and found that seed germination and early seedling growth were retarded in the ipa1-NIL. Analysis of the soluble sugar content, activity of amylase, and expression of the α-amylase genes revealed that the starch metabolism was weakened in the ipa1-NIL germinating seeds. Additionally, the content of bioactive gibberellin (GA) was significantly lower than that in the IPA1-NIL seeds at 48 h of imbibition. Meanwhile, the expression of GA synthesis-related gene OsGA20ox1 was downregulated, whereas the expression of GA inactivation-related genes was upregulated in ipa1-NIL seeds. In addition, the expression of OsWRKY51 and OsWRKY71 was significantly upregulated in ipa1-NIL seeds. Using transient dual-luciferase and yeast one-hybrid assays, IPA1 was found to directly activate the expression of OsWRKY51 and OsWRKY71, which would interfere with the binding affinity of GA-induced transcription factor OsGAMYB to inhibit the expression of α-amylase genes. In summary, our results suggest that IPA1 negatively regulates seed germination and early seedling growth by interfering with starch metabolism via the GA and WRKY pathways.

Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Poplar Plants to Drought Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARADHNA KUMARI ◽  
IM KHAN ◽  
ANIL KUMAR SINGH ◽  
SANTOSH KUMAR SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Poplar clone Kranti was selected to assess the morphological, physiological and biochemical responses under drought at different levels of water stress, as it is a common clone used to be grown in Uttarakhand for making paper and plywood. The cuttings of Populus deltoides L. (clone Kranti) were exposed to four different watering regimes (100, 75, 50 and 25% of the field capacity) and changes in physiological and biochemical parameters related with drought tolerance were recorded. Alterations in physiological (i.e. decrease in relative water content) and biochemical parameters (i.e. increase in proline and soluble sugar content and build-up of malondialdehyde by-products) occurred in all the three levels of water stress, although drought represented the major determinant. Drought treatments (75%, 50% and 25% FC) decreased plant height, radial stem diameter, harvest index, total biomass content and RWC in all the three watering regimes compared to control (100% FC). Biochemical parameters like proline, soluble sugar and MDA content increased with severity and duration of stress, which helped plants to survive under severe stress. It was analyzed that for better wood yield poplar seedlings should avail either optimum amount of water (amount nearly equal to field capacity of soil) or maximum withdrawal up to 75% of field capacity up to seedling establishment period (60 days). Furthermore, this study manifested that acclimation to drought stress is related with the rapidity, severity, and duration of the drought event of the poplar species.

scholarly journals Exogenous Auxin-Mediated Salt Stress Alleviation in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 547
Author(s):  
Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef ◽  
Md. Tahjib-Ul-Arif ◽  
Mohammad Saidur Rhaman
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Catalase Peroxidase ◽  
Amino Acid Contents

Auxin not only controls the development processes, but also regulates the stress responses of plants. In this investigation, we explored the potential roles of exogenously applied indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in conferring salt tolerance in the faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Our results showed that foliar application of IAA (200 ppm) to salt-exposed (60 mM and 150 mM NaCl) plants promoted growth, which was evidenced by enhanced root–stem traits. IAA application ensured better osmotic protection in salt-stressed plants which was supported by reduced proline and enhanced soluble sugar, soluble protein, and total free amino acid contents in the roots, stem, and seeds. IAA application also increased the number of nodules in salt-stressed plants, which may facilitate better nitrogen assimilation. Moreover, IAA mediated improvements in mineral homeostasis (K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) and the translocation of Na+, while it also inhibited excessive accumulation of Na+ in the roots. Salt-induced oxidative damage resulted in increased accumulation of malondialdehyde, whereas IAA spraying relegated malondialdehyde by improving antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase. Together, these results together with a principal component analysis uncovered that foliar spraying of IAA alleviated the antagonistic effects of salt stress via enhancing osmolyte accumulation, ionic homeostasis, and antioxidant activity. Finally, exogenous IAA enhanced the yield of broad beans under high salinity conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of cadmium stress on growth and physiological characteristics of sassafras seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyi Zhao ◽  
Juelan Guan ◽  
Qing Liang ◽  
Xueyuan Zhang ◽  
Hongling Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Gas Exchange

AbstractThe effects of cadmium stress on the growth and physiological characteristics of Sassafras tzumu Hemsl. were studied in pot experiments. Five Cd levels were tested [CT(Control Treatment) : 0 mg/kg, Cd5: 5 mg/kg, Cd20: 20 mg/kg, Cd50: 50 mg/kg, and Cd100: 100 mg/kg]. The growth and physiological characteristics of the sassafras seedlings in each level were measured. The results showed that soil Cd had negative influences on sassafras growth and reduced the net growth of plant height and the biomass of leaf, branch and root. Significant reductions were recorded in root biomass by 18.18%(Cd5), 27.35%(Cd20), 27.57%(Cd50) and 28.95%(Cd100). The contents of hydrogen peroxide decreased first then increased while malondialdehyde showed the opposite trend with increasing cadmium concentration. Decreases were found in hydrogen peroxide contents by 10.96%(Cd5), 11.82%(Cd20) and 7.02%(Cd50); increases were found in malondialdehyde contents by 15.47%(Cd5), 16.07%(Cd20) and 7.85%(Cd50), indicating that cadmium stress had a certain effect on the peroxidation of the inner cell membranes in the seedlings that resulted in damage to the cell membrane structure. Superoxide dismutase activity decreased among treatments by 17.05%(Cd5), 10,68%(Cd20), 20.85%(Cd50) and 8.91%(Cd100), while peroxidase activity increased steadily with increasing cadmium concentration; these results suggest that peroxidase is likely the main protective enzyme involved in the reactive oxygen removal system in sassafras seedlings. Upward trends were observed in proline content by 90.76%(Cd5), 74.36%(Cd20), 99.73%(Cd50) and 126.01%(Cd100). The increase in proline content with increasing cadmium concentration indicated that cadmium stress induced proline synthesis to resist osmotic stress in the seedlings. Compared to that in CT, the soluble sugar content declined under the different treatments by 32.84%(Cd5), 5.85%(Cd20), 25.55%(Cd50) and 38.69%(Cd100). Increases were observed in the soluble protein content by 2.34%(Cd5), 21.36%(Cd20), 53.15%(Cd50) and 24.22%(Cd100). At different levels of cadmium stress, the chlorophyll content in the seedlings first increased and then decreased, and it was higher in the Cd5 and Cd20 treatments than that in the CT treatment. These results reflected that cadmium had photosynthesis-promoting effects at low concentrations and photosynthesis-suppressing effects at high concentrations. The photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and photosynthetic light-response parameters showed downward trends with increasing cadmium concentration compared with those in CT; these results reflected the negative effects of cadmium stress on photosynthesis in sassafras seedlings.

The Influence of Chlorophenoxy Herbicides MCPA on Creeping Bentgrass Physiological Index

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 2763-2766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Fan Gao ◽  
Ming Wang Shi ◽  
Jian Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Physiological Index ◽  
Soluble Sugar Content ◽  
Content Determination ◽  
Chlorophenoxy Herbicides ◽  
Test Result

In this article, we studied to different concentrations of MCPA to creeping bentgrass Growth. Through the creeping bentgrass in four different periods of chlorophyll content, MDA and soluble sugar content determination. This test result showed:With the MCPA concentration increases, creeping bentgrass decline of chlorophyll content in the same period of growth, MDA and soluble sugar content increased. MCPA used after the early pair of creeping bentgrass growth is large, to put off with MCPA handle time, to affect to creeping bentgrass growth is gradually decreased.

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