The nutritive value of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), rose clover (Trifolium hirtum All.) and soft brome grass (Bromus mollis L.)

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
PER Ridley ◽  
HL Davies ◽  
IN Southey
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Brome Grass

Medium Peppin Merino wethers were fed, ad libitum, subterranean clover (cv. Woogenellup), rose clover (cv. Kondinin) and soft brome grass cut in September (spring), November (late spring) and January-February (summer). The nitrogen contents of the subterranean clover ranged from 1.89 to 3.13%, of the rose clover from 1.62 to 2.84% and of the soft brome from 0.42 to 2.86%. Mean daily organic matter intakes (kg) in spring, late spring and summer were respectively: for subterranean clover 0.78, 1.09 and 0.42; for rose clover 0.60, 0.87 and 0.62; for soft brome grass 0.87, 0.81 and 0.20. Organic matter digestibilities in spring, late spring and summer were, respectively: for subterranean clover 0.82 ,0.69 and 0.61; for rose lover 0.80, 0.62 and 0.54; for soft brome 0.83, 0.72 and 0.58. There were highly significant differences ( P < 0.001) in nitrogen balance between seasons. The estimated digestible energy intakes (MJ/day) in spring, late spring and summer were, respectively: for subterranean clover 12.7, 14.5 and 4.9; for rose clover, 9.2, 9.9 and 6.9; for soft brome, 13.6, 10.1 and 2.1. Within seasons there were significant (P < 0.05) differences in nitrogen balance between species. There were significant differences between species in mean retention time in the alimentary tract in late spring (P<0.001) and summer (P<0.001) but not in spring. There was a highly significant negative relationship between acid-detergent fibre content and both organic matter and fibre digestibilities. The superior digestible energy intakes of the 2 clovers explain at least some of the superior performance of sheep grazing clover compared with those grazing grass pastures.

Plant factors influencing the nutritive value of some temperate annual pasture species

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (63) ◽  
pp. 404 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG McIvor ◽  
DF Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Hordeum Leporinum ◽  
Brome Grass

Changes in herbage production, dry matter content, nitrogen content and in vitro digestibility of two sown species-subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) and annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) - and five common volunteer species-capeweed (Arctotheca calendula), musky crowfoot (Erodium moschatum), barley grass (Hordeum leporinum), ripgut brome grass (Bromus rigidus) and soft brome grass (Bromus mollis)-were measured throughout their growth cycle. The volunteer species compared favourably with the sown species for these measurements and should be capable of providing nutritious grazing for animals.

Seed yield and nutritive value of dry, mature subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. J. Ru ◽  
J. A. Fortune
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Wide Range

The nutritive value of 26 cultivars of dry, mature subterranean clover was evaluated at Shenton Park, Perth, Western Australia. The cultivars were divided into 3 maturity groups according to flowering time and each cultivar was sown in blocks comprising 4 replicates. The plots were grazed by sheep at 2-week intervals during the growing season. Dry mature plant material and soil were sampled in summer to examine the effect of grazing and cultivar on seed yield and nutritive value of feed residues. Cultivars heavily grazed in spring had a low herbage mass. There was no difference in seed yield and seed weight between heavily and lightly grazed cultivars. Dry matter digestibility and mineral content of dry residues was inconsistent for the 2 grazing treatments. The dry matter digestibility of dry, mature subterranean clover ranged from 40 to 56%, with a wide range of crude fibre, nitrogen and mineral content for the 26 cultivars. While most minerals in the dry residues were above the requirement for sheep, 7 cultivars had a zinc content less than the maintenance requirement for sheep. There was an imbalance for all cultivars in calcium: phosphorus with a range of 4–10: 1. Concurrent estimates on the yield and composition of seed indicated that seed can be resource of minerals for grazing animals in summer. Most cultivars had a seed yield over 100 g/m2 with that of 9 cultivars being over 130 g/m2. Seed was rich in nitrogen, sodium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, zinc and copper, and poor in sodium, calcium and manganese. However, there were no cultivars with an appropriate ratio of calcium and phosphorus. The imbalance in nitrogen and sulfur was a result of high nitrogen content with the ratio ranging from 19: 1 to 29: 1.

Degradability of crude protein from clover herbages used in irrigated dairy production systems in northern Victoria

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 415 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Persian Clover ◽  
Protein Supply ◽  
In Sacco

An in sacco (nylon bag) technique was used to estimate the degradability of dry matter (DM) and crude protein, and to estimate the effective rumen degradability of protein (ERDP), for 3 irrigated clover herbages. Pasture characteristics (nutritive values and leaf: stem ratios) were also described, and relationships to ERDP established. The nutritive value characteristics and degradabilities of white clover (Trifolium repens L.), Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum L.), and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) were also compared for various regrowth periods (of 3, 4, 6, and 12 weeks). Nutritive value characteristics of clover herbages varied from 9.9 to 11.9 MJ/kg DM for metabolisable energy, 153 to 304 g/kg DM for crude protein, and 209 to 377 g/kg DM for neutral detergent fibre. The leaf: stem ratio correlated well with the crude protein content of the clovers, with herbages consisting of more leaf generally having superior crude protein content (R2 = 0.64, P < 0.001). The effective rumen degradability of protein for clover herbages ranged from 60 g/kg DM for mature (12 week regrowth) subterranean clover to 195 g/kg DM for vegetative (3 weeks regrowth) Persian clover. For clover herbages with a 3-week regrowth period, after initial cutting to 5 cm, and at ruminal outflow rates of 0.08/h, the effective rumen degradability of protein varied from 136 to 195 g/kg DM. A positive relationship between crude protein and ERDP (R2 = 0.82) suggested that ERDP could be estimated for clover herbages that have been previously assessed for crude protein content, obviating the need for in sacco studies. Calculated degradabilities were lower for all clovers when higher ruminal outflow rates were assumed. Using the metabolisable protein system, metabolisable protein supply and metabolisable protein in excess of animal requirements were calculated. Ruminal losses of nitrogen were also estimated for cows consuming white clover of varying regrowth periods in both early and late lactation. It was concluded that metabolisable protein supply is unlikely to limit production in these examples. At regrowth periods of 3 weeks, metabolisable protein contributions from microbial and dietary sources were similar, and twice that required by the animal. Ruminal losses of nitrogen were substantial and amounted to 66—23% of nitrogen intake. In the experiments reported here, if all of the energy required to excrete excess protein (as urea) could instead be used for the production of milk, cows may have produced 0.5mp;mdash;2.0 kg more milk per day. Such losses could potentially be reduced if the protein content and/or degradabilities of clover herbages were reduced, and/or energy rich supplements were offered.

Uptake of 32P from labelled organic matter, by mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)

1995 ◽  
Vol 172 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik J Joner ◽  
Iver Jakobsen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum

scholarly journals Effects of grinding, pelleting and expanding on nutritive value of barley in pig diets

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-469
Author(s):  
Matti Näsi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Pellet Quality ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
Grinding Method

Nutrient digestibility and protein utilization responses ofgrowing pigs to different processes of barley were evaluated. The assayed treatments of barley were grinding methods: hammer milling (FIM) and rolling (RM), pelleting (FIP, RP), expanding (HE, RE) and their combination (HEP, REP). The study comprised a 8 x 8 Latin square designed digestibility and nitrogen balance trial with a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The average grist size of HM barley was smaller and wider than that of RM. Pelleting and expanding reduced the grist size and made the distribution wider compared to untreated ones. HM compared to RM achieved improved pellet quality, but expanding had no effect on pellet durability. Only small differences were found in the proximate composition or sugar content indicating a gelatinization degree of differently processed barleys. Grinding method had no effect on organic matter (OM) digestibility, whereas RM improved protein (CP) digestibility (P

Variation in nutritive value of plant parts of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. J. Ru ◽  
J. A. Fortune
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Lack Of Information

While it has been reported that leaves of subterranean clover are less digestible than stems, there is a lack of information on the variability of nutritive value of plant parts of subterranean clover. To determine the variation in nutritive value of leaf, petiole, stem and burr, an experiment with 26 cultivars of subterranean clover was conducted at Shenton Park Field Station, Perth, Western Australia. The cultivars were divided into 3 maturity groups according to flowering time and each cultivar was sown in blocks comprising 4 replicates. The plots were grazed by sheep at 2-weekly intervals. Plants were sampled at the vegetative stage before grazing and after the cessation of flowering. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) and nitrogen concentration of leaves, petioles, stems and burrs were determined. At the vegetative stage, there was no difference in DMD (P>0.05) among plant parts for most cultivars, and leaf had the highest (P<0.05) nitrogen concentration (4.8–5.4%). After the cessation of flowering, leaf had the highest DMD and nitrogen concentration (P<0.05). The DMD of plant parts differed significantly among cultivars (P<0.05). There was a slight decrease in DMD over time for leaves and a significant decrease in DMD for stems and petioles. These results suggest the main objective of grazing management of subterranean clover swards should be to increase the proportion of leaf material in the swards and that selection of leafy varieties by breeding could improve the late season digestibility of subterranean clover. Such management and breeding strategies would have value when the cultivars are in mixed pastures or used with supplements in summer.

scholarly journals Agronomic characteristics of annual Trifolium legumes and nutritive values as predicted by near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Li ◽  
R. L. Ison ◽  
R. C. Kellaway ◽  
C. Stimson ◽  
G. Annison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Stem Leaf

A range of annual legume genotypes comprising one line of Trifolium subterraneum, four lines of T. michelianum, 11 of T. resupinatum var. resupinatum, and one line of T. resupinatum var. majus were grown in glasshouses under temperature regimes of 10−15°C and 16−21°C. Dry matter (DM) weights of stem, leaf, and flower tissues were measured when plants had six nodes, at first flower appearance, and at senescence. All samples were scanned by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). One-third of the samples, covering the range of spectral characteristics, were analysed for in vitro digestible organic matter (DOMD), organic matter, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), lignin, cellulose, and the hemicellulosic polysaccharide monomers arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and rhamnose. These data were used to develop calibration equations from which the composition of the remaining samples was predicted by NIRS. The higher temperature resulted in plants reaching respective phenological stages earlier, but did not affect either DM yields of total plant, stem, leaf, and petiole tissues or the proportions of each fraction. In vitro DOMD and arabinose and galactose levels decreased, while lignin, cellulose, NDF, xylose, mannose, and rhamnose levels increased with advancing maturity. In vitro DOMD was positively associated with contents of CP, arabinose, galactose, and the arabinose/xylose ratio and was negatively associated with contents of lignin, cellulose, NDF, xylose, mannose, and rhamnose. Lignin contents were highly correlated with levels of both xylose and mannose. Stems were more digestible than leaves in subterranean clover and T. resupinatum var. majus. The study also demonstrated that NIRS can be used routinely as a quick, inexpensive, and reliable laboratory technique to predict feed components of annual Trifolium legumes.

The nutritive value of calluna vulgaris IV. Digestibility at three, seven and fourteen years after burning

1956 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan N. Smith ◽  
Brynmor Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Experimental Technique ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Digestible Energy

1. The digestibility of samples of heather of 3, 7 and 14 years of age has been determined.2. The experimental technique was the same as that used in the previous digestibility studies of heather.3. The digestibility of the organic matter, and of all its components other than crude fibre and ether extractives, was found to decline with advancing age. This decline became apparent in heather of 7 years of age.4. Gross digestible energy values were determined for the three ages of heather under investigation. Starch equivalents derived from these values proved to be lower than starch equivalents calculated in the usual way.5. Confirmation of earlier conclusions concerning the value of heather as a source of energy has been obtained.

The nutritive value of subterranean clover herbage grown under irrigation in northern Victoria

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
Series Of Experiments

A series of experiments is described which considered the nutritive value of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) herbage grown under irrigation in northern Victoria. Digestion studies were undertaken with sheep and dairy cows and the degradation of herbage samples in nylon bags was evaluated. Digestion coefficients were estimated, 1eaf:stem ratios were measured, mineral and amino acid profiles were obtained, and protein degradabilities were assessed. The digestibility and chemical composition of freshly cut subterranean clover herbage was relatively constant until wilting of the herbage in mid spring. With few exceptions, in vivo DM digestibility and nitrogen content were greater than 75% and 3.2%, respectively, and neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and lignin were less than 40%, 30% and 6%, respectively. The chemical composition of leaves and petioles/stems were very different. The digestibility of the leaf fraction was often much lower than that of petiole/stem, but its nitrogen content was higher. Reasons for this, and their implications, are discussed. Discussed also are the adequacy of herbage minerals and their solubilities. Rumen protein degradability for vegetative herbage ranged from 0.51 to 0.64. Of the plant components, the protein in stems was more degradable than the protein in leaves. The effects of incubation of herbage in nylon bags in the rumen for 24 h on amino acid composition are also discussed.

Anti-methanogenic advantage of biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus) over subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) from in vitro fermentation is maintained across growth stages and cutting treatments

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Bidhyut Kumar Banik ◽  
Zoey Durmic ◽  
William Erskine ◽  
Clinton Revell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Plant Collection ◽  
Grazing Systems

The annual forage legume biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus L.) offers a promising opportunity as a low-methanogenic, bioactive pasture for southern Australian grazing systems where subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) is the dominant annual pasture legume. This in vitro study to assess methanogenic potential examined how growth stage and cutting of biserrula affect biomass, nutritive value and fermentative parameters including methanogenic potential compared with subterranean clover. Both species were grown in a glasshouse, where three growth-stage treatments comprised plant collection at vegetative, reproductive or maturity growth stages. Three cutting (simulated grazing) treatments included cutting at the vegetative or reproductive stage and an uncut control, with herbage collection at maturity. Methane production in biserrula was unaffected by the stage of growth. Other nutritive value and fermentative parameters varied significantly with growth stage, the highest fibre content and lowest crude protein (CP) being found at maturity. Regrowth from herbage cut at the reproductive stage had higher CP and lower biomass than other cut treatments. In biserrula, this regrowth also showed the highest fermentability of the three cutting treatments including elevated methane yield. Notwithstanding these treatment effects on fermentability, biserrula maintained its strong anti-methanogenic advantage over subterranean clover across all treatments, confirming its potential as an anti-methanogenic bioactive pasture.

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