scholarly journals Effects of grinding, pelleting and expanding on nutritive value of barley in pig diets

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-469
Author(s):  
Matti Näsi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Pellet Quality ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
Grinding Method

Nutrient digestibility and protein utilization responses ofgrowing pigs to different processes of barley were evaluated. The assayed treatments of barley were grinding methods: hammer milling (FIM) and rolling (RM), pelleting (FIP, RP), expanding (HE, RE) and their combination (HEP, REP). The study comprised a 8 x 8 Latin square designed digestibility and nitrogen balance trial with a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The average grist size of HM barley was smaller and wider than that of RM. Pelleting and expanding reduced the grist size and made the distribution wider compared to untreated ones. HM compared to RM achieved improved pellet quality, but expanding had no effect on pellet durability. Only small differences were found in the proximate composition or sugar content indicating a gelatinization degree of differently processed barleys. Grinding method had no effect on organic matter (OM) digestibility, whereas RM improved protein (CP) digestibility (P

scholarly journals Digestibility and protein utilization responses of soybean and rape seed meal to physical and enzymatic treatments in diets for growing pigs

1991 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-474
Author(s):  
Matti Näsi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Hydrothermal Processing ◽  
Rape Seed ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
Enzyme Pretreatment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Balance Trials

The effects of extrusion, hydrothermal processing and enzyme pretreatment of soybean meals (SBM) and rapeseed meals (RSM) and the multienzyme supplementation of diets on nutrient digestibility, protein utilization and performance were investigated in growing pigs. The study was comprised of two separate total-collection digestibility and balance trials with 6x6 Latin square designs and a production trial with 140 growing pigs. The processes employed had only minor effects on the chemical composition of the treated oilseed meals. Extrusion and addition of enzyme premix improved the organic matter (OM) and protein (CP) digestibilities of SBM (P

scholarly journals Evaluation of undehydrated barley feed fractions and dried oat feed fractions from integrated starch-ethanol process in diets of growing pigs

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Näsi ◽  
Erkki Aimonen
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
Protein Supply

The nutrient digestibility and protein utilization of undehydrated barley fractions: protein (BP), protein fibre mixture (BPF) and distillers solids (DS) at two levels of inclusion in diets fortified to equal lysine content were assayed with growing pigs in a 6 x 6 Latin square. Dried barley fibre (BF), oat protein (OP) and oat fibre (OF) from integrated starch-ethanol production were evaluated as feed ingredients for pigs in three other trials. DS and OP had a higher essential amino acids content than BP, especially with respect to lysine. All fractions had a rather high ether extract content 46-196 g/kg and their fatty acid composition is presented. BP showed higher protein digestibility than DS (0.931 vs. 0.857) and pigs on BP-diet retained more N than on DS-diet. BF showed a low digestibility of OM and CP and 0.1 inclusion of BF mixed with BP depressed CP digestibility and N-retention. A higher protein supply from cereal protein in the diet promoted N-retention but decreased protein utilization. OP had high digestibility and OF was more digestible than BF. The study confirmed the high digestibility and energy values of the proteinous grain fractions and a high protein utilization when adequately fortified with lysine. The fibrous fractions have a rather low nutrient digestibility and their use in pig diets is therefore limited.

scholarly journals Intake, digestibility, and ruminal parameters of Nellore bulls supplemented with increasing levels of crude glycerin in Brachiaria Brizantha pastures

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Jorge Possamai ◽  
Joanis Tilemahos Zervoudakis ◽  
Luciana Keiko Hatamoto-Zervoudakis ◽  
Lucien Bissi da Freiria ◽  
Pedro Ivo José Lopes da Rosa Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Crude Glycerin ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Different Levels

SUMMARY We evaluated the effects of increasing levels of crude glycerin in multiple supplements for grazing beef cattle on intake, nutrient digestibility, pH, ruminal ammoniacal nitrogen, and serum glucose. Five Nellore steers (initial BW of 480 kg [SD 15]), grazing a tropical pasture, were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The treatments used were control (no supplementation; only a mineral mixture ad libitum) and four levels of crude glycerin (0, 80, 160, 240 g/kg of supplements). Supplementation type had no impact (P > 0.05) on pH at 0 and 4 h after supplementation. Animals supplemented with different levels of crude glycerin showed higher N-NH3 values (P < 0.05) at 4 h after supplementation. Crude glycerin supplementation did not reduce pasture intake (P > 0.05), increasing dry matter intake (P > 0.05) due to increased organic matter digestibility (P > 0.05). Supplementation of 4 kg/animal with crude glycerin (240 g/kg supplement) did not reduce pasture intake and organic matter digestibility.

UTILIZATION OF LODGEPOLE PINE (Pinus contorta) MUKA (FOLIAGE) BY SHEEP

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-471
Author(s):  
R. M. TAIT ◽  
C. GASTON ◽  
J. R. HUNT ◽  
G. M. BARTON
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Alfalfa Meal

Eight sheep were used in two 4 × 4 latin square digestion trials substituting alfalfa meal with unsteamed or steamed muka (foliage) at levels of 20, 40 or 60%. Including muka at all levels depressed (P < 0.05) the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and acid detergent fiber compared with the control alfalfa meal diet. When calculated by difference, the digestibility of muka dry matter and organic matter was not affected (P < 0.05) by either the level of its inclusion in the diets or by steaming. The mean dry matter and organic matter digestibilities of muka were 29.2 and 30.4%, respectively. The protein content of muka was 5.0% and the estimated protein digestibility at the 60% level of inclusion was only 6.6%. With unsteamed muka, the digestibility of acid detergent fiber calculated by difference averaged −11.9%, suggesting the presence of factors which depressed the digestibility of fiber in the basal diet. Steaming appeared to reduce this depression. A growth trial was conducted with lambs where alfalfa meal, as the sole roughage source, was compared to the same diet with 20% of the alfalfa replaced by steamed muka. Growth rates were not different (P > 0.05) being 142 and 138 g/day, respectively. A taste panel evaluation of the carcasses found no adverse effects on flavor due to the inclusion of steamed muka in the diet. Key words: Lodgepole pine muka, nutritive value, sheep

scholarly journals Effect of supplementing wheat offal with varied graded levels of sugarcane scrapping on utilisation of sorghum panicle fed Red Sokoto buck Keyw

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 199-202
Author(s):  
H. Y. Adamu ◽  
A. M. Bolakale ◽  
S. B. Abdu ◽  
M. R. Hassan ◽  
M. Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Four Red Sokoto bucks of averageweight 17. 40±2kg were fed sugarcane scrappingmeal in a complete diet to evaluate the nutrients intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance. In a 4×4 Latin Square Design four dietary treatments containing sugarcane scrapping at 0, 10, 20, and 30% levels of inclusion supplementing wheat offal in a complete diet were used The proximate composition of the sugarcane scrapping showed that the scrapping had, 10.01, 2.98%and 3114 Kcal/Kg of CF, CP andME respectively. The results of the trial showed that significant high dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility of some and the nitrogen balance values were recorded in the bucks fed 30%. It was concluded that DM intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilization of bucks can be enhanced by including 30% of sugar cane scrapping in their diets.

Replacement of rice straw with cassava-top silage on rumen ecology, fermentation and nutrient digestibilities in dairy steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bounnaxay Viennasay ◽  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
Khampanat Phesatcha ◽  
Burarat Phesatcha ◽  
Thiwakorn Ampapon
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms ◽  
Rumen Ecology ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

Conserving good source of roughage for dry-season feeding of ruminants is of the utmost importance. Therefore, cassava-top silage (CTS) was prepared and was studied for its feeding level and nutritive value in dairy steers. Four rumen-fistulated dairy steers (75% Holstein Friesian × 25% Thai Native), ~3 years old with 209 ± 50 kg liveweight, were randomly assigned according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design to study the effect of CTS on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation efficiency. The treatments were four different feeding ratios of CTS to rice straw, as follows: 0:100, 30:70, 60:40 and 100:0 respectively. Increasing the ratio of CTS to rice straw in the feed remarkably reduced the rumen protozoal population (P &lt; 0.01), thus subsequently decreasing rumen methane production (P &lt; 0.01), whereas other rumen microorganisms remained similar among treatments. Correspondingly, rumen propionate production was enhanced (P &lt; 0.01) by increasing the CTS to rice ratio in the feed, and the acetate:propionate ratio decreased (P &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, rumen ammonia nitrogen and blood urea nitrogen increased (P &lt; 0.01) with an increasing proportion of CTS in the feed, whereas nitrogen retention was highest when the proportion of CTS in the feed was 100%. Although the feed DM intakes were similar, apparent digestibilities of DM, organic matter, crude protein as well as neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre were significantly improved by the increase in the percentage of CTS in the feed. It could be concluded that including CTS in the feed at a level of 60–100% improved the rumen fermentation, nitrogen balance and nutrient digestibilities, and is highly recommended for use in the ruminant production in the tropics, as it is a practically simple-to-prepare on-farm feeding intervention.

Apparent nutrient digestibility of two raw diets in domestic kittens

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 991-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth A Hamper ◽  
Claudia A Kirk ◽  
Joseph W Bartges
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Heat Processing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
Gross Energy

Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate overall dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fat and gross energy digestibility of a feline commercial raw diet and a homemade raw diet compared with a canned, heat-processed diet. Methods Six domestic shorthair kittens (20–28 weeks old) were fed three different diets in a Latin square crossover design. Diet A was a commercially available, canned, heat-processed diet. Diet B was a complete commercial, prefrozen, raw diet (commercial raw), and diet C was a raw diet supplement mixed with ground raw meat obtained locally (homemade raw). Both diets A and B were formulated to meet nutritional profile levels for cats at all life stages. Kittens were given specific diet amounts to maintain a 2–4% weight increase per week. Food was measured before and after feedings to determine the amount eaten, and all feces were collected, weighed and frozen prior to submission. Composite food samples and all feces were submitted to a national laboratory for proximate analysis of crude protein, crude fiber, ash, crude fat, moisture and caloric density. Results Significantly higher digestibility of dry matter ( P <0.001), organic matter ( P <0.001), crude protein ( P <0.001) and gross energy ( P <0.001) was seen in the raw diets compared with the heat-processed diets. This difference resulted in significantly less fecal matter ( P <0.001) despite similar levels of intake and kcal ingested, and evidence of no difference in fecal scores. Conclusions and relevance Higher dry matter, organic matter and protein digestibility was seen in two commercial raw diets compared with a heat-processed diet. Digestibility differences could have been due to variance in dietary protein, fat and carbohydrate concentrations between the diets, variance in dietary ingredients or quality, alterations in protein structure secondary to heat processing, as well as alterations in gastrointestinal flora. Future research examining digestibility in diets with the same macronutrient proportions and ingredients, and mechanisms for any differences, is warranted.

NUTRITIVE VALUE OF GROUND AND/OR AMMONIATED CORN STOVER

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. MORRIS ◽  
D. N. MOWAT
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
Forage Harvester

Corn stover stacks were harvested and a portion of these were treated with anhydrous ammonia at a level of 3% of dry matter (DM) and left covered with plastic for at least 30 days during the fall of 1977. In the spring, both treated and untreated corn were chopped through a forage harvester. A portion of each was then ground through a 1.3-cm screen. Treatments were: untreated chopped, untreated ground, ammoniated chopped, ammoniated ground. Treatments were evaluated with eight Hereford-Angus yearling steers in a double 4 × 4 latin square design. In addition to the stover, rations contained 10% molasses, 6% soybean meal, and 2.3% mineral mix. Urea was added to the untreated rations at the level of 1.6% to make rations isonitrogenous. Steers were injected with vitamins A, D and E at 90-day intervals. With both control and ammoniated rations, grinding increased (P < 0.001) intake on a body weight raised to the 0.75 power basis (MBW) of DM, digestible energy (DE) and digestible DM by 47%, 39%) and 39%), respectively. With both chopped and ground stover rations, ammoniation increased (P < 0.001) intake of digestible DM and DE and increased (P < 0.01) intake of DM all on a MBW basis by 22%, 31% and 12%), respectively. However, grinding decreased digestibilities of DM and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (P < 0.001) and of organic matter (OM) (P < 0.01) by 5%, 10% and 5%, respectively. With both chopped and ground stover rations, ammoniation increased (P < 0.001) digestibility of DM, OM, and NDF by 9%, 9% and 14%, respectively. Ammoniation plus grinding increased (P < 0.01) intake (MBW) of DM, digestible DM and DE by 64%), 71% and 85%), respectively, over untreated chopped rations. Grinding increased (P < 0.01) rumen acetate 0.5 h preprandially but did not significantly affect other rumen parameters measured preprandially or 2 h postprandially. Ammoniation increased (P < 0.01) rumen propionate 0.5 h preprandially but did not significantly affect the remaining rumen parameters. Before versus after feeding levels of rumen metabolites did not differ except for an increase (P < 0.01) in ammonia-N and total VFA postprandially. No significant treatment interactions were present.

scholarly journals 122 Nutrient digestibility of heat pretreated or multienzyme treated corn whole stillage for pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 107-107
Author(s):  
Kevin Jerez-Bogota ◽  
Tofuko A Woyengo
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Whole Stillage ◽  
Net Energy Value ◽  
Corn Ddgs

Abstract A study was conducted to determine standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and net energy value (NE) for pigs of heat-pretreated or enzyme-predigested corn whole stillage (WS; slurry material that is dried into DDGS). Ten ileal-cannulated barrows (initial BW = 65.6 ± 3.5 kg) were fed 5 diets in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. The diets were cornstarch-based, containing corn DDGS, untreated WS (C-WS), heat-pretreated WS (Heat-WS) or enzyme-predigested WS (Predigested-WS), and N-free diet. Digestibility of AA in feedstuffs was determined by the direct method. Energy digestibility in feedstuffs was determined by difference from the N-free diet. The WS was heat pretreated at 140 °C and 70 psi for 15 min. Predigestion of the WS was achieved by incubating with multienzyme that supplied xylanase, celullase, α-galactosidase at 2.4, 2.0 and 2.3 mg per gram of WS, respectively, for 12 h at 55 °C. On DM basis, DDGS, C-WS, Heat-WS, Predigested-WS contained 32.8, 30.8, 28.18, and 39.7% CP, 39.8, 51.0, 52.2 and 53.8% NDF, and 4.5, 4.6, 5.7 and 4.5% EE, respectively. The SID of Lys for C-WS (75.5%) was greater (P &lt; 0.05) than that for C-DDGS (67.4%) and Heat-WS (53.9%), but lower (P &lt; 0.05) than for Predigested-WS (84.1%). The NE value for C-WS (2,793 kcal/kg) did not differ from that of C-DDGS (2,668 kcal/kg DM). The NE value for C-WS was greater (P &lt; 0.05) than that for Heat-WS (1,834 kcal/kg DM) and lower than that for Predigested-WS (2,814 kcal/kg DM). In conclusion, enzymatic predigestion of WS increased its SID of Lys and NE value, and hence it can be an attractive technology to increase the nutritive value of corn DDGS for pigs. Heat pretreatment reduced SID of AA and NE values of the WS.

Intake and digestibility of alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated wheat straw-alfalfa hay combinations fed to sheep

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-378
Author(s):  
D. G. Atwell ◽  
N. R. Merchen ◽  
E. H. Jaster ◽  
G. C. Fahey Jr. ◽  
L. L. Berger
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Dietary Components

A 5 × 5 Latin square experiment utilizing mature wethers (78 kg) was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding combinations of alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated wheat straw (AHP-WS) and alfalfa hay on intake and nutrient digestibility. Diets consisted of an 80:20 forage to concentrate ratio on a dry matter (DM) basis. Dietary designations were based on ratios of AHP-WS: alfalfa hay in the diet. Quadratic responses (P < 0.05) were noted for both DM intake (DMI) as a percentage of body weight and organic matter intake (OMI) expressed as g d−1. Greater DMI and OMI were noted when wethers were fed diets containing combinations of AHP-WS and alfalfa (40:40 and 20:60) than when fed those containing AHP-WS or alfalfa as the sole forage (80:0 or 0:80). No effects of diet on digestibilities of dietary components were observed, with digestibility of DM and OM averaging 67 and 69%, respectively, across diets. Wethers consumed greater amounts of digestible OM when fed combinations of the two forages than when either was fed alone. Molar proportions of all ruminal volatile fatty acids (VFA) except acetate responded in a quadratic (P < 0.05) manner due to diet. Molar proportion of propionate decreased while molar proportions of other VFA increased with increasing level of alfalfa. Ruminal liquid and particulate dilution rates were not affected by diet. Time spent ruminating by sheep was increased linearly (P < 0.05) by inclusion of alfalfa hay in the diet. Favorable comparisons of AHP-WS to high quality alfalfa hay demonstrate the effectiveness of the AHP treatment process to enhance the nutritive value of WS. Key words: Intake, digestibility, treated wheat straw, alfalfa, sheep

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