Early sowing with wheat cultivars of suitable maturity increases grain yield of spring wheat in a short season environment

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
NJ Kerr ◽  
KHM Siddique ◽  
RJ Delane
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short Season

Eleven field trials were sown in the northeastern wheatbelt of Western Australia to test the hypothesis that if wheat cultivars with suitable maturity are sown earlier than current practice, then higher grain yields will be achieved. The experiments included time of sowing treatments that ranged from early May to late June in 1988, 1989 and 1990. Seven commercial cultivars with a wide range of developmental patterns and maturities were used. Sowing between mid May and early June produced the highest grain yields. For plantings after early June, yields declined by approximately 250 kg/ha (15%) per week. Delayed sowing caused a decrease in dry matter and kernel number (per m2). In general this reduction in kernel number was not compensated by an improvement in kernel weight. At early times of sowing, the medium-long season cultivars generally had higher yields than short season cultivars. The short season cultivars were the highest yielding cultivars at the late times of sowing. These results suggest that cultivars should be chosen to suit the seasonal break, which may vary from late April to mid June. As a consequence, farmers should be encouraged to retain a number of cultivars with differing maturities suited to a range of planting times.

Contrasting Responses of Morphologically Similar Wheat Cultivars to Temperatures Appropriate to Warm Temperature Climates With Hot Summers: a Study in Controlled Environment

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 877 ◽  
Author(s):  
AK Bagga ◽  
HM Rawson
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Warm Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Phase Temperature ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
Plant Basis

This study attempted to determine if and why there are differences among three cultivars of wheat in their responses to temperature. The three semidwarf cultivars examined, Kalyansona, Condor and Janak, are currently used commercially. Temperature regimes chosen matched the range to which plants in warm temperate climates with hot summers would be exposed at different stages of development. Plants were grown in a phytotron in sunlit cabinets. Responses to temperature were different among the cultivars. Kalyansona was relatively un- responsive to temperatures during the floret phase, being little affected in the sizes of upper leaves, in floret production and grain set, in overall plant growth or in grain yield. The sole character to respond to temperature in this cultivar was kernel weight, which declined with increasing grain phase temperature. In contrast, Condor demonstrated marked plasticity during the floret phase in all plant characters measured. Its plasticity was such that, at the lower temperatures, it outyielded Kalyansona by a substantial margin while at the higher temperatures its yield was relatively poor. On a plant basis, Janak performed similarly to Condor. Rates of photosynthesis were relatively unaffected by temperature in any cultivar. This wide range of response among three superficially similar cultivars has promising implications for the tailoring of cultivars for different temperature zones. The importance of different plant characters to temperature stability is considered in the discussion.

A genetic analysis of the spring-winter habit of growth in wheat

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
AT Pugsley
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Dominant Genes ◽  
Made In

Developmental patterns of growth have been studied in nine spring and 10 winter wheat cultivars and in a number of crosses involving both groups. Among the spring cultivars five responded to vernalization while four did not. There was a very wide range in responsiveness to vernalization among the winter cultivars, ranging from the responsive Winter Minflor to Jones Fife which appeared not to respond at all to the '30-day vernalization test'. The spring habit of growth was governed by three dominant genes, any one of which was able to inhibit the expression of the winter habit. Progress has been made in establishing relationships among several spring cultivars. Those carrying the gene Sk, either alone or in combination with others, appeared to be non-responsive to vernalization. In the absence of Sk all spring cultivars so far tested exhibited a positive response. Winter selections made from spring-winter crosses always resembled the winter parent with respect to the intensity of the winter characteristic. While all winter wheats carry recessive alleles at all three loci, the differences in expression which exist between them appear to have been due to the presence of multiple recessive alleles at these loci. Further evidence of the association of leaf and spikelet numbers with days to ear emergence is presented.

Effects of sowing date and cultivar on spike weight and kernel number in durum wheat

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Bassu ◽  
Francesco Giunta ◽  
Rosella Motzo
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Intercepted Radiation ◽  
Wheat Spike

In wheat, spike weight is associated with kernel number. The response of spike weight to photoperiod and the amount of radiation available during the period of spike growth and the associated changes in spike : stem ratio were investigated through field trials involving three durum wheat cultivars with different flowering time over two seasons and three sowing dates. Across the three cultivars spike and stem weight differed in response to the photoperiod and to the photothermal quotient, i.e. the ratio between intercepted radiation and temperature; this reflected the sensitivity of the spike : stem ratio to the environmental conditions induced by sowing date, which affected the allometry of the ratio. The photothermal quotient (0.14–1.70 MJ m–2 day–1 °C–1) explained most of the variation in both spike weight (83–270 g m–2) and kernel number per m2 (2638–13 993), across all the environments sampled. The phenology explained a significant portion of the variation in spike weight, but its influence was minor compared with the combined effects of the quantity of intercepted radiation and the temperature. Therefore, the correlation between kernel number and the photothermal quotient before anthesis was more sensible to the environmental variation induced by sowing date beyond its conventional window.

Physiological characteristics of recent Canada Western Red Spring wheat cultivars: Yield components and dry matter production

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wang ◽  
T. N. McCaig ◽  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
F. R. Clarke ◽  
J. M. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
New Cultivars

Genetic yield gains have been difficult to achieve within the Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) class because of stringent quality requirements and a short growing-season environment with low precipitation and high temperatures. Understanding the physiological basis of yield gains may provide breeders with better insight in selecting parents and screening tools to identify desirable genotypes. The objective of the present study was to compare four new CWRS wheat cultivars with two older cultivars, Neepawa and Marquis, for yield components and dry matter production. When grown at Swift Current, SK, for 3 yr, the average yield for the group of new cultivars was 34.3% higher than that of Marquis (P < 0.01), and 5.9% higher than that of Neepawa (P = 0.10). The new cultivars, as a group, had significantly increased kernel weight, kernels per spike, yield per spike, and spike-filling rate relative to either of the older cultivars. When cultivars were compared individually, all four of the new cultivars had significantly higher yield per spike and spike-filling rate than Neepawa or Marquis, suggesting that these factors may be closely related to the increased yields of the newer cultivars. The trend toward higher kernel weight and kernels per spike suggests that the new cultivars have increased the sink size of each tiller. The number of spikes per plant and the length of the grain-filling period do not appear to be associated with the increased yield. Harvest index of the group of new cultivars, while significantly higher than that of Marquis, has not increased significantly compared to Neepawa, probably because this group is similar in height to Neepawa. Key words: Triticum aestivum, wheat, Canada Western Red Spring, yield, quality

The phosphorus content and yield of grain of different wheat varieties in relation to phosphorus deficiency

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Lipsett
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Phosphorus Application

Several varieties of Australian and two American bread wheats were grown in the glass-house under conditions of controlled phosphorus deficiency. A wide range of final phosphorus concentrations occurred in the grain of all varieties in response to variations in phosphorus supply. Suffcient phosphorus at sowing raised the value for Australian grain to 0.4% P. Under deficiency conditions, the concentration in all varieties fell below 0.25% P, a typical value for grain from southern Australia. Yields of two Australian varieties, Bencubbin and Charter, were further examined. Variety Bencubbin was shown to give larger grain yields than Charter under conditions of phosphorus deficiency, and its grain had lower concentrations of phosphorus. The higher yields were not associated with higher uptakes of phosphorus. Bencubbin showed a marked luxury uptake in the straw at moderate rates of phosphorus application. It is suggested that the lower phosphorus concentrations in the higher-yielding variety are necessarily associated with success in selection for dry matter yield, where the uptake of the nutrient is limited.

Genetic variation in osmoregulation in bread and durum wheats and its relationship to grain yield in a range of field environments

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Morgan ◽  
RA Hare ◽  
RJ Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
One Year ◽  
Common Parent

The association between osmoregulation and grain yield was examined using measurements of osmoregulation made on wheat plants grown in pots in a glasshouse and measurements of grain yields made in a wide range of field environments. Osmoregulation was determined from measurements of relative water contents and osmotic potentials made on the flag leaves of plants droughted near anthesis. The genotypes were advanced lines from two distinct breeding programs - one for bread wheats and one for durum wheats. All the genotypes in each program (27 bread and 14 durum) were closely related in having a common parent. The grain yields of the bread wheats were evaluated in 56 field trials covering a period of 4 years, and those of the durum wheats were evaluated in seven field trials in one year. Both droughted and irrigated sites were represented. Four field environments were also included for F4 segregating lines reported previously. Considerable variation in osmoregulation occurred which was positively associated with grain yield over the full range of environments sampled for each genotype group. The yields of genotypes which were high in osmoregulation were 11-17% higher in bread wheats and 7% higher in durum wheats than those which were low in osmoregulation, when class differences were based on rnaximising the average yield differences between osmoregulation groups. These results add further evidence favouring the use of glasshouse measurements of osrnoregulation as a selection criterion in wheat breeding.

scholarly journals Mesotrione a new herbicide for weed control in maize

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 242-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.K. James ◽  
A. Rahman ◽  
J. Hicking
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Excellent Control

Six field trials were conducted over three growing seasons to evaluate both preand postemergence applications of the recently developed herbicide mesotrione for weed control in maize As a preemergence treatment it provided excellent control of broadleaf weeds (>99 reduction in dry matter) but was poor on grass weeds (ca 80 reduction) However its combination with atrazine smetolachlor or acetochlor provided gt;93 reduction in grass and broadleaf weed dry matter Applications of mesotrione postemergence were very effective on broadleaf weeds (>94) but less so on grass weeds (ca 85) although several adjuvant combinations improved the efficacy against annual grass weeds A number of herbicide combinations were demonstrated to be effective for postemergence weed control Mesotrione did not cause any apparent damage to maize crops in any trial and grain yields were not significantly different from the standard treatments Recommended rates for postemergence use of mesotrione will be 7296 g/ha depending on soil type

Effects of Population and Inter-Row Spacing on Yields of Maize and Control of Weeds with Herbicides in the Irrigated Savanna

1981 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Experimental Area ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
And Control

SUMMARYIn field trials a population of 61,700 maize plants/ha produced higher total dry matter and grain yields than the conventional 36,000 plants/ha. There was no difference in yields with inter-row spacings of 45, 60 or 90 cm, regardless of population levels. Weed suppression was increased by the higher population even though the entire experimental area was treated with herbicides. In one of three years perennial sedge and annual weed growth started 4–5 weeks after herbicide application, under which conditions row spacing had a greater effect and weed growth was significantly less with 45 or 60 cm maize rows than at 90 cm.

Relationship Between Gas Emissions and Dry Matter Intake in Mature Angus Cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
Amanda Holder ◽  
Megan A Gross ◽  
Alexi Moehlenpah ◽  
Paul Beck
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Second Period

Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the effects of diet quality on greenhouse gas emissions and dry matter intake (DMI). We used 42 mature, gestating Angus cows (600±69 kg; and BSC 5.3±1.1) with a wide range in DMI EPD (-1.36 to 2.29). Cows were randomly assigned to 2 diet sequences forage-concentrate (FC) or concentrate-forage(CF) determined by the diet they consumed in each period (forage or concentrate). The cows were adapted to the diet and the SmartFeed individual intake units for 14 d followed by 45 d of intake data collection for each period. Body weight was recorded on consecutive weigh days at the beginning and end of each period and then once every two wk for the duration of a period. Cows were exposed to the GreenFeed Emission Monitoring (GEM) system for no less than 9 d during each period. The GEM system was used to measure emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). Only cows with a minimum of 20 total &gt;3-m visits to the GEM were included in the data set. Data were analyzed in a crossover design using GLIMMIX in SASv.9.4. Within the CF sequence there was a significant, positive correlation between TMR DMI and CH4 (r=0.81) and TMR DMI and CO2 (r=0.69), however, gas emissions during the second period on the hay diet were not correlated with hay intake. There was a significant, positive correlation between hay DMI and CO2 (r=0.76) and hay DMI and CH4 (r=0.74) when cows first consumed forage (FC). In comparison to the CF sequence, cows on the FC sequence showed a positive correlation between CO2 and TMR DMI during the second period. There was also a significant positive correlation between hay and TMR DMI when assessed across (r=0.43) or within sequence (FC r=0.41, CF r=0.47).

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