Novel OsGRAS19 mutant, D26, positively regulates grain shape in rice (Oryza sativa)

Grain size is an important factor in rice yield. Several genes related to grain size have been reported, but most of them are determined by quantitative trail loci (QTL) traits. Gene D26 is a novel site mutation of OsGRAS19 and involved in the brassinosteroid (BR) signalling pathway. However, whether D26 is involved in the process of rice reproductive development remains unclear. Here, gene cloning and functional analysis revealed that D26 has an obvious regulatory effect on grain size. Overexpression or CRISP/Cas9 mutant of D26 also showed that grain size was positively influenced. Cellular analyses show that D26 modulates grain size by promoting cell division and regulating the cell number in the upper epidermis of the glume. The overexpression results further suggest that the level of D26 expression positively impacts grain length and leaf angles and that the expression of several known grain size genes is involved in the regulation. Based on our results, D26, as a transcription factor, effectively improves rice grain shape.

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GW10, a Member of P450 Subfamily Regulates Grain Size and Grain Number in Rice

10.21203/rs.3.rs-576630/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

PengLin Zhan ◽

Xin Wei ◽

Zhili Xiao ◽

Xiaoling Wang ◽

Shuaipeng Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Grain Shape ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Chromosome 10 ◽

Grain Number ◽

Tropical Japonica ◽

Donor Parent ◽

Lower Expression ◽

Recipient Parent

Abstract Grain size and grain number play extremely important roles in rice grain yield. Here, we identify GW10 , which encodes a P450 subfamily protein and controlls grain size and grain number by using Lemont ( tropical japonica ) as donor parent and HJX74 ( indica ) as recipient parent. The GW10 locus was mapped into a 20.1 kb region on the long arm of Chromosome 10. Lower expression of the gw10 in panicle is contributed to the shorter and narrower rice grain, and the increased number of grains per panicle. Furthermore, the higher expression levels of some of the brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis and response genes are associated with the NIL- GW10 , which strongly suggests that the GW10 is a key node in the brassinosteroid-mediated regulation of rice grain shape and grain number.

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A novel rice grain size gene OsSNB was identified by genome-wide association study in natural population

PLoS Genetics ◽

10.1371/journal.pgen.1008191 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. e1008191 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Xiaosong Ma ◽

Fangjun Feng ◽

Yu Zhang ◽

Ibrahim Eid Elesawi ◽

Kai Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

Association Study ◽

Natural Population ◽

Genome Wide Association Study ◽

Genome Wide Association ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Genome Wide

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Statistical Assessment of the Effects of Grain-Structure Representation and Micro-Properties on the Behavior of Bonded Block Models for Brittle Rock Damage Prediction

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13147889 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 7889

Author(s):

Carlos Efrain Contreras Inga ◽

Gabriel Walton ◽

Elizabeth Holley

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

Grain Shape ◽

Grain Structure ◽

Minor Effect ◽

Unique Contribution ◽

Structure Generation ◽

Structure Representation ◽

The Real ◽

Study Results ◽

Block Models

The ability to predict the mechanical behavior of brittle rocks using bonded block models (BBM) depends on the accuracy of the geometrical representation of the grain-structure and the applied micro-properties. This paper evaluates the capabilities of BBMs for predictive purposes using an approach that employs published micro-properties in combination with a Voronoi BBM that properly approximates the real rock grain-structure. The Wausau granite, with Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) of 226 MPa and average grain diameter of 2 mm, is used to evaluate the effectiveness of the predictive approach. Four published sets of micro-properties calibrated for granites with similar mineralogy to the Wausau granite are used for the assessment. The effect of grain-structure representation in Voronoi BBMs is analyzed, considering grain shape, grain size and mineral arrangement. A unique contribution of this work is the explicit consideration of the effect of stochastic grain-structure generation on the obtained results. The study results show that the macro-properties of a rock can be closely replicated using the proposed approach. When using this approach, the micro-properties have a greater impact on the realism of the predictions than the specific grain-structure representation. The grain shape and grain size representations have a minor effect on the predictions for cases that do not deviate substantially from the real average grain geometry. However, the stochastic effect introduced by the use of randomly-generated Voronoi grain-structures can be significant, and this effect should be considered in future studies.

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Characterization and functional analysis of LoUDT1, a bHLH transcription factor related to anther development in the lily oriental hybrid Siberia (Lilium spp.)

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.07.018 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Guozhen Yuan ◽

Ze Wu ◽

Xinyue Liu ◽

Ting Li ◽

Nianjun Teng

Keyword(s):

Functional Analysis ◽

Transcription Factor ◽

Anther Development ◽

Bhlh Transcription Factor

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RNA Sequencing Reveals Rice Genes Involved in Male Reproductive Development under Temperature Alteration

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040663 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 663

Author(s):

Sudthana Khlaimongkhon ◽

Sriprapai Chakhonkaen ◽

Keasinee Tongmark ◽

Numphet Sangarwut ◽

Natjaree Panyawut ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Rna Sequencing ◽

Reproductive Development ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

World Population ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Wild Type ◽

Rice Plants ◽

Male Development ◽

Temperature Conditions

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops, providing food for nearly half of the world population. Rice grain yields are affected by temperature changes. Temperature stresses, both low and high, affect male reproductive development, resulting in yield reduction. Thermosensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) rice is sterile at high temperature and fertile at low temperature conditions, facilitating hybrid production, and is a good model to study effects of temperatures on male development. Semithin sections of the anthers of a TGMS rice line under low (fertile) and high (sterile) temperature conditions showed differences starting from the dyad stage, suggesting that genes involved in male development play a role during postmeiotic microspore development. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), transcriptional profiling of TGMS rice panicles at the dyad stage revealed 232 genes showing differential expression (DEGs) in a sterile, compared to a fertile, condition. Using qRT-PCR to study expression of 20 selected DEGs using panicles of TGMS and wild type rice plants grown under low and high temperature conditions, revealed that six out of the 20 selected genes may be unique to TGMS, while the other 14 genes showed common responses to temperatures in both TGMS and wild-type rice plants. The results presented here would be useful for further investigation into molecular mechanisms controlling TGMS and rice responses to temperature alteration.

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The Rho-family GTPase OsRac1 controls rice grain size and yield by regulating cell division

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1902321116 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 116 (32) ◽

pp. 16121-16126 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ying Zhang ◽

Yan Xiong ◽

Renyi Liu ◽

Hong-Wei Xue ◽

Zhenbiao Yang

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

Cell Division ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Grain Filling ◽

High Yield ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Rop Gtpase ◽

Key Factor ◽

Grain Width

Grain size is a key factor for determining grain yield in crops and is a target trait for both domestication and breeding, yet the mechanisms underlying the regulation of grain size are largely unclear. Here we show that the grain size and yield of rice (Oryza sativa) is positively regulated by ROP GTPase (Rho-like GTPase from plants), a versatile molecular switch modulating plant growth, development, and responses to the environment. Overexpression of rice OsRac1ROP not only increases cell numbers, resulting in a larger spikelet hull, but also accelerates grain filling rate, causing greater grain width and weight. As a result, OsRac1 overexpression improves grain yield in O. sativa by nearly 16%. In contrast, down-regulation or deletion of OsRac1 causes the opposite effects. RNA-seq and cell cycle analyses suggest that OsRac1 promotes cell division. Interestingly, OsRac1 interacts with and regulates the phosphorylation level of OsMAPK6, which is known to regulate cell division and grain size in rice. Thus, our findings suggest OsRac1 modulates rice grain size and yield by influencing cell division. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the control of rice grain size and suggests that OsRac1 could serve as a potential target gene for breeding high-yield crops.

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Upland rice yield as affected by Brachiaria coverage management

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v19n1p15-20 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 15-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adriano S. Nascente ◽

Luís F. Stone ◽

Cleber M. Guimarães

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Proper Time ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽

Tillage System

An important point in no-tillage system is the time between cover crop glyphosate desiccation and rice sowing. This study aimed to verify the effect of Brachiaria ruziziensis management time before rice sowing on rice yield and its components. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions and consisted of four types of B. ruziziensis management: with Brachiaria and with herbicide (WBWH), without Brachiaria shoots and with herbicide (NBWH), without Brachiaria shoots and without herbicide (NBNH), and with Brachiaria and without herbicide (WBNH), at four times: 30, 20, 10, and 0 days, preceding the rice sowing. The amount of B. ruziziensis dry matter increased as the management was done closer to the rice sowing date. The WBWH and WBNH managements (this one causes the lowest rice grain yield) must be done 30 days before rice sowing; while NBWH management must be done ten or more days before rice sowing. On the other hand, NBNH management (this one favors the best rice grain yield) can be done until rice sowing day. Despite some reduction in rice yield caused by the B. ruziziensis management, when it was done at the proper time the rice grain yield was similar to the control (without Brachiaria sowing and without herbicide application).

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Altered expression of the bZIP transcription factor DRINK ME affects growth and reproductive development inArabidopsis thaliana

The Plant Journal ◽

10.1111/tpj.13264 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 88 (3) ◽

pp. 437-451 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Paulina Lozano-Sotomayor ◽

Ricardo A. Chávez Montes ◽

Marina Silvestre-Vañó ◽

Humberto Herrera-Ubaldo ◽

Raffaella Greco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factor ◽

Reproductive Development ◽

Bzip Transcription Factor ◽

Altered Expression

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Impact of irrigation techniques on rice yield and dynamics of zinc in plants and soil

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/660/2019-pse ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 135-142

Author(s):

Phuong Dinh Thi Lan ◽

Nga Nguyen Thi Hang ◽

Hoa Nguyen Thanh

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Production Systems ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Red River ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Agricultural Practice ◽

Flood Irrigation ◽

Red River Delta ◽

Rice Grains ◽

Zn Concentration

Zinc (Zn) insufficiency and water deficiency are primary challenges in intensive rice production systems. This study aims to examine the influence of two irrigation regimes, flood irrigation (FI) and water-saving irrigation (WSI), on rice grain yield and mobile Zn accumulation in soil and rice grains. Experiments were conducted in An Vien rice fields in the Tien Lu district, Hung Yen province, located in the middle of the Red River delta during four rice seasons from 2015 to 2016. The results showed that the WSI regime dramatically increased the grain yield and Zn concentrations in grain of rice. Grain yield was increased by 14.76% and grain Zn concentration by 17.93% when compared with the FI regime. The decrease in the mobile Zn concentration in soil was only 5.7% in the WSI technique, compared with 73.6% for FI techniques. Therefore, it can be concluded that WSI can be effective agricultural practice to elevate grain yield and increase Zn retention in soil and bioavailability in rice grains.

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