Across the benthic and pelagic realms: a species‐level phylogeny of Benthesicymidae (Crustacea:Decapoda)

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 776
Author(s):  
Alexander L. Vereshchaka ◽  
Dmitry N. Kulagin ◽  
Anastasiia A. Lunina
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Higher Taxa ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Rare Opportunity

Benthesicymidae is a monophyletic group of Decapoda adapted to a life on the sea-floor, in the near-bottom layer, in the bathy- and in the mesopelagic, within an impressive depth range from a few hundred metres (Gennadas) to several thousand metres (Benthesicymus). Higher taxa are known to conquer all main oceanic biotopes such as the benthic, benthopelagic, and pelagic and a wide depth range but few family-level groups have clades evolved within all these oceanic realms. Therefore, the global fauna of Benthesicymidae provides a rare opportunity for an insight into phylogenetic processes favouring colonisation of all principal oceanic biotopes. The first comprehensive phylogenetic study of Benthesicymidae (all 37 valid species) is based on six molecular markers and 105 morphological characters (including 72 female and male copulatory characters). Analyses resulted in trees with similar topology and the same set of robust clades. Molecular methods based on 167 sequences (84 new) provided better resolution of deeper nodes and generally higher support of the clades, while morphological methods allowed analyses of all valid species of the global fauna. Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly and robustness of all currently known genera except Gennadas, which was split into Gennadas Bate, 1881, Amalopenaeus Smith, 1882, and Notogennema gen. nov. We also retrieved two major clades for which we erected two new subfamilies: Benthesicyminae subfam. nov. (presumably benthic, genera Altelatipes, Bathicaris, Benthesicymus, and Benthonectes) and Gennadinae subfam. nov. (presumably pelagic, genera Amalopenaeus, Bentheogennema, Benthoecetes, Boreogennema, Gennadas, Maorrancaris, and Notogennema gen. nov.). We revealed two groups of morphological characters, that are interlinked evolutionarily: (1) petasma and thelycum; (2) body, mouthparts, and pereopods. Morphological traits within benthic and pelagic clades are different, a model explaining the differences is proposed. Along with previous studies, our results confirm the idea that the elaboration of the copulatory structures is a key to successful colonisation of the pelagic realm. These results extend our knowledge about evolution in the largest habitual biotope of our planet and phylogenetic processes favouring colonisation of all principal oceanic biotopes.

scholarly journals A review of Euryoryzomys legatus (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae): morphological redescription, cytogenetics, and molecular phylogeny

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9884
Author(s):  
Mariana D. Guilardi ◽  
Pablo Jayat ◽  
Marcelo Weksler ◽  
James L. Patton ◽  
Pablo Edmundo Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Comparative Cytogenetics ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
The Status

The taxonomic history of Euryoryzomys legatus has been complex and controversial, being either included in the synonymy of other oryzomyine species or considered as a valid species, as in the most recent review of the genus. Previous phylogenetic analyses segregated E. legatus from E. russatus, its putative senior synonym, but recovered it nested within E. nitidus. A general lack of authoritative evaluation of morphological attributes, details of the chromosome complement, or other data types has hampered the ability to choose among alternative taxonomic hypotheses, and thus reach a general consensus for the status of the taxon. Herein we revisit the status of E. legatus using an integrated approach that includes: (1) a morphological review, especially centered on specimens from northwestern Argentina not examined previously, (2) comparative cytogenetics, and (3) phylogenetic reconstruction, using mitochondrial genes. Euryoryzomys legatus is morphologically and phylogenetically distinct from all other species-level taxa in the genus, but its 2n=80, FN=86 karyotype is shared with E. emmonsae, E. nitidus, and E. russatus. Several morphological and morphometric characters distinguish E. legatus from other species of Euryoryzomys, and we provide an amended diagnosis for the species. Morphological characters useful in distinguishing E. legatus from E. nitidus, its sister taxon following molecular analyses, include: larger overall size, dorsal fur with a strong yellowish brown to orange brown tinge, flanks and cheeks with an orange lateral line, ventral color grayish-white with pure white hairs present only on the chin, presence of a thin blackish eye-ring, tail bicolored, presence of an alisphenoid strut and a well-developed temporal and lambdoid crests in the skull, and a labial cingulum on M3. Molecular phylogenetic analyses recovered E. legatus as a monophyletic group with high support nested within a paraphyletic E. nitidus; genetic distances segregated members of both species, except for an exemplar of E. nitidus. Our integrated analyses reinforce E. legatus as a full species, but highlight that E. macconnelli, E. emmonsae, and E. nitidus each may be a species complex and worthy of systematic attention. Finally, we also evaluated the chromosome evolution of the genus within a phylogenetic context.

scholarly journals Determination of species boundaries of Selais fish from Arut River, Central Kalimantan based on 16S mitochondrial gene using Bayesian approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Tuty Arisuryanti ◽  
Bella Ulin Nikmah ◽  
Tomi Kasayev ◽  
Lukman Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Approach ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Selais fish is difficult to discriminate with other Silurid fish species based on morphological characters. As a result, the valid species of selais fish is uncertain. Therefore, a molecular phylogenetic study was needed to clarify species boundaries and to addresses genetic relationships of the selais fish. In this study, 16S mitochondrial gene of ten selais samples collected from Arut River (Central Kalimantan) were sequenced, from which a Bayesian trees was generated. Result revealed monophyletic of selais fish which is revealed as a single species. The Bayesian inference showed that the selais fish clade is distinguished with two other genus, Kryptopterus and Ompok, by its sequence differences. This finding can address species boundaries of selais fish using Bayesian approach, but the name of the selais species has not been clarified.

Phylogenetic revision of the shrimp genera Ephyrina, Meningodora and Notostomus (Acanthephyridae: Caridea)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiia A Lunina ◽  
Dmitry N Kulagin ◽  
Alexander L Vereshchaka
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Forward Motion ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Revision ◽  
Molecular Trees

Abstract The shrimp genera Ephyrina, Meningodora and Notostomus have an unusual carapace strengthened with carinae and a half-serrated mandible, which may suggest a possible monophyly of this group. Here we test this hypothesis and present the first phylogenetic study of these genera based on 95 morphological characters (all valid species coded) and six molecular markers (71% of valid species sequenced). Representatives of all genera of Oplophoridae (sister to Acanthephyridae) were outgroups, 32 species belonging to all genera and potentially different clades of Acanthephyridae were ingroups. Both morphological and molecular analyses retrieve trees with similar topology. Our results reject the hypothesis of a clade formed by Ephyrina + Meningodora + Notostomus. We show that Ephyrina and Notostomus are monophyletic, both on morphological and on molecular trees, Meningodora gains support only on morphological trees. Evolutionary traits in the Ephyrina and Meningodora + Notostomus clades are different. Synapomorphies are mostly linked to adaptations to forward motion in Ephyrina (oar-like meri and ischia of pereopods, stempost-like rostrum) and to progressive strengthening of the carapace and pleon in Meningodora and Notostomus (net of sharp carinae). Unusual mandibles evolved in the clades independently and represent convergent adaptations to feeding on gelatinous organisms.

scholarly journals Generic Placement of the Former Condaliopsis (Rhamnaceae) species

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 236 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Bauer Islam ◽  
Robert P. Guralnick
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Distinct Genus ◽  
Nuclear Loci ◽  
Morphological Research ◽  
Thorny Shrub

Condaliopsis is a genus of eight thorny shrub species. Previous morphological research shed doubt on the validity of Condaliopsis as a distinct genus in Rhamnaceae. Condaliopsis species were transferred to one of two genera, Ziziphus or Condalia, but some authors continue to recognize Condaliopsis. A recent phylogenetic study did not support Condaliopsis as monophyletic and placement of Condaliopsis species in either Ziziphus or Condalia was not straightforward. To clarify the generic placement of these eight species, we conducted phylogenetic analyses based on two nuclear loci (nrITS and 26S), two chloroplast loci (trnL-F and trnQ-rps16) and morphological characters. We present evidence that five of the Condaliopsis species should remain in Ziziphus, one should remain in Condalia, and two should be transferred from Ziziphus to Condalia. One of these species had an existing binomial within Condalia, Condalia parryi, and one required a new combination, Condalia celata. Condalia celata is a federally listed endangered species with a limited range in Florida.

Resurrection of Crypturgus subcribrosus Eggers 1933 stat. n., and its close phylogenetic relationship to Nearctic Crypturgus (Coleoptera, Scolytinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1606 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJARTE H. JORDAL ◽  
MILOŠ KNÍšEK
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Elongation Factor 1Α ◽  
Sister Relationship ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Close Phylogenetic Relationship

Crypturgus subcribrosus Eggers is removed from synonymy under C. cinereus (Herbst) and reinstated as a valid species based on evidence from DNA sequence data and morphological features. Phylogenetic analyses of Elongation Factor 1α and Cytochrome Oxidase I sequences in conjunction with morphological characters revealed a sister relationship between C. subcribrosus and two Nearctic species of Crypturgus, with C. cinereus unrelated to any of these taxa. Type material of C. cinereus has been located and lectotype with paralectotypes are designated. Amended diagnoses that include DNA barcodes are presented for C. subcribrosus and C. cinereus together with an identification key to the Fennoscandian species of Crypturgus.

scholarly journals DNA barcoding, phylogeny and systematics of Golden-backed frogs (Hylarana, Ranidae) of the Western Ghats-Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot, with the description of seven new species

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-S4 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Biju ◽  
Sonali Garg ◽  
Stephen Mahony ◽  
Nayana Wijayathilaka ◽  
Gayani Senevirathne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
The Western Ghats

A systematic revision of the genus Hylarana in the Western Ghats-Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot is presented. Species delineation in Hylarana is complicated due to a lack of distinct colour differences or striking morphological characters, leading to potential misidentification. We conducted extensive surveys throughout the Western Ghats-Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot and performed multiple gene (16S, COI and Cytb) barcoding using 103 samples collected from cultivated land and natural habitats. Genetic distance comparisons and Neighbor Joining trees indicated the presence of at least 14 candidate species in the region, supported by taxa groupings for all three genetic markers. Utilising a combination of molecular and morphological data, we describe seven new species, doubling the number of Hylarana species previously known from this region. We further demonstrate that H. temporalis, which was originally described from Sri Lanka, was misidentified with the Western Ghats endemic species for nearly 100 years. Conversely, H. aurantiaca was originally described from the Western Ghats and misidentified in Sri Lanka. Our study confirms that the distribution of H. temporalis is restricted to Sri Lanka, while H. aurantiaca is endemic to the Western Ghats, and that there are no shared Hylarana species between the two regions. Hylarana flavescens, H. intermedius and H. montanus, previously considered synonyms of H. temporalis are confirmed as valid species. Hylarana bhagmandlensis is removed from the synonymy of H. aurantiaca and placed as a junior subjective synonym of H. montanus. To establish nomenclatural stability, H. flavescens, H. malabarica and H. temporalis are lectotypified and H. intermedius is neotypified. Detailed descriptions, diagnosis, morphological and genetic comparisons, illustrations and data on distribution and natural history are provided for all species. Phylogenetic analyses based on three mitochondrial markers (16S, COI and Cytb) and a fragment of the nuclear Rag1 gene, show complete endemism of the Western Ghats-Sri Lankan species. Four major groups in this region are identified as: 1 — the Hylarana aurantiaca group, endemic to the Western Ghats; 2 — the Hylarana flavescens group, endemic to the Western Ghats; 3 — the Hylarana temporalis group, endemic to Sri Lanka; and 4 — the Hylarana malabarica group from Sri Lanka and India. The discovery of numerous morphologically cryptic Hylarana species in this region further emphasizes the benefits of utilizing an integrative taxonomic approach for uncovering hidden diversity and highlighting local endemism in the Western Ghats-Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Relationship Within Genus Araucaria (Araucariaceae) Assessed by Means of AFLP Fingerprints

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Stefenon ◽  
O. Gailing ◽  
R. Finkeldey
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
The Family ◽  
Chloroplast Dna Sequences

Abstract Highly polymorphic AFLP markers were applied to analyse the phylogenetic relationships of seven species from three sections within genus Araucaria (Araucariaceae) with cladistic and phenetic approaches. The objectives of the study were to compare the intrageneric relationships within Araucaria assessed by AFLP markers with the classification according to chloroplast DNA sequences and morphological characters. The AMOVA revealed 48% of the variation among species. The results of the principal coordinate analysis revealed three distinct groups: (1) A. angustifolia and A. araucana (= section Araucaria), (2) A. bidwillii (= section Bunya) and (3) A. cunninghamii, A. heterophylla, A. rulei and A. scopulorum (= section Eutacta). In the cladistic and phenetic analyses, phylogenetic trees were subdivided into two sister clades, one comprising the samples from section Eutacta, the other one was divided again into two sister clades corresponding to sections Araucaria and Bunya. These results are congruent with a previous phylogenetic study of the family Araucariaceae based on rbcL sequences and with the classification of genus Araucaria based on morphological characters. Both rbcL sequence data and AFLP analyses do not support section Bunya as one of the oldest sections within genus Araucaria, as suggested by the fossil record. The utility of AFLP markers for phylogenetic analyses is discussed.

scholarly journals Disentangling relationships among eastern Mediterranean Cymbalaria including description of a novel species from the southern Peloponnese (Greece)

2021 ◽  
Vol 307 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pau Carnicero ◽  
Núria Garcia-Jacas ◽  
Llorenç Sáez ◽  
Theophanis Constantinidis ◽  
Mercè Galbany-Casals
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Aegean Islands ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

AbstractThe eastern Mediterranean basin hosts a remarkably high plant diversity. Historical connections between currently isolated areas across the Aegean region and long-distance dispersal events have been invoked to explain current distribution patterns of species. According to most recent treatments, at least two Cymbalaria species occur in this area, Cymbalaria microcalyx and C. longipes. The former comprises several intraspecific taxa, treated at different ranks by different authors based on morphological data, evidencing the need of a taxonomic revision. Additionally, some populations of C. microcalyx show exclusive morphological characters that do not match any described taxon. Here, we aim to shed light on the systematics of eastern Mediterranean Cymbalaria and to propose a classification informed by various sources of evidence. We performed molecular phylogenetic analyses using ITS, 3’ETS, ndhF and rpl32-trnL sequences and estimated the ploidy level of some taxa performing relative genome size measures. Molecular data combined with morphology support the division of traditionally delimited C. microcalyx into C. acutiloba, C. microcalyx and C. minor, corresponding to well-delimited nrDNA lineages. Furthermore, we propose to combine C. microcalyx subsp. paradoxa at the species level. A group of specimens previously thought to belong to Cymbalaria microcalyx constitute a well-defined phylogenetic and morphological entity and are described here as a new species, Cymbalaria spetae. Cymbalaria longipes is non-monophyletic, but characterized by being glabrous and diploid, unlike other eastern species. The nrDNA data suggest at least two dispersals from the mainland to the Aegean Islands, potentially facilitated by marine regressions.

Steinernema borjomiense n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from Georgia

Nematology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 653-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Gorgadze ◽  
Elena Fanelli ◽  
Manana Lortkhipanidze ◽  
Alberto Troccoli ◽  
Medea Burjanadze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
A New Species

Summary A new species of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema borjomiense n. sp., was isolated from the body of the host insect, Oryctes nasicornis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), in Georgia, in the territory of Borjomi-Kharagauli. Morphological characters indicate that the new species is closely related to species of the feltiae-group. The infective juveniles are characterised by the following morphological characters: body length of 879 (777-989) μm, distance between the head and excretory pore = 72 (62-80) μm, pharynx length = 132 (122-142) μm, tail length = 70 (60-80) μm, ratio a = 26.3 (23.0-29.3), H% = 45 (40-51), D% = 54 (47-59), E% = 102 (95-115), and lateral fields consisting of seven ridges (eight incisures) at mid-body. Steinernema borjomiense n. sp. was molecularly characterised by sequencing three ribosomal regions (the ITS, the D2-D3 expansion domains and the 18S rRNA gene) and the mitochondrial COI gene. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that S. borjomiense n. sp. differs from all other known species of Steinernema and is a member of the monticolum-group.

A giant within Carpocorini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): Description of Adustonotus graziae sp. nov.

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4958 (1) ◽  
pp. 489-502
Author(s):  
FILIPE MICHELS BIANCHI
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Internal Genitalia ◽  
Evidence Analysis ◽  
Heteroptera Pentatomidae

The Carpocorini are distributed worldwide, and it is one of the most speciose tribes within the Pentatomidae with 127 genera and more than 500 valid species. Recently, Adustonotus Bianchi was described to contain eight species formerly placed within Euschistus Dallas. Among them, Adustonotus grandis (Rolston) and Adustonotus latus (Dallas) are remarkable for their large size. Herein, the phylogenetic position of a new taxon is inferred by a total evidence analysis based on 85 morphological characters and four molecular markers. Adustonotus graziae sp. nov. is described, and is recovered in a polytomic lineage, including A. grandis and A. latus. These species share a solid combination of features that enable them to be separated from the other Adustonotus species (e.g., large size, the humeral angles spatulate and exceptionally produced, and the capsula seminalis shortened). Illustrations of external and internal genitalia, and a distributional map are provided. 

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