Substrate type affects the abundance and size of a coral-reef sponge between depths

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan R. Duckworth
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Growth Morphology ◽  
Percentage Cover ◽  
Stable Substrate ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Substrate Stability ◽  
Calcareous Rock ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
The Common

Substrate stability could influence abundance and size patterns of benthic organisms and thus affect community structure. Sponges on coral reefs are often found growing on calcareous rock and rubble that vary in stability, with loose rubble more easily moved by water flow, which is typically strongest in shallower water. Using the common Indo-Pacific sponge, Coscinoderma matthewsi (Lendenfeld, 1886), the present study examines the interaction of substrate type and depth (6 and 12m) on sponge abundance, size, morphology and skeletal properties (i.e. spongin fibres). Coscinoderma matthewsi was three times less common at 6m, with most sponges at this depth attached to rock, even though rubble had higher percentage cover. Mean sponge length, width and height were all greatest at 12m, with sponges growing largest on rock, probably because it is a more stable substrate for survival and growth. Morphology varied between depths, with most C. matthewsi individuals at 6m having a massive shape, whereas many sponges at 12m grew large lobes; this increases their surface area and possibly promotes filtration. Spongin density, length and width varied greatly among individuals; however, there was no consistent pattern across depth.

Altitudinal variation in reproductive strategy of the toad-headed lizard, Phrynocephalus vlangalii in North Tibet Plateau (Qinghai)

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Ting Jin ◽  
Nai-Fa Liu
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Sand Lizard ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
The Common ◽  
Anatomical Constraints

Abstract Phrynocephalus vlangalii, a toad-headed viviparous sand lizard, is endemic in the Northern Tibet (Qinghai) Plateau in China. Lizards were collected from 14 localities along the large altitudinal gradient (2289-4565 m a.s.l) to analyze the variation of reproductive traits among localities. Both litter size and mean offspring (scaled embryo) mass were positively correlated with female snout-vent length (SVL). Females produced fewer and larger offspring with increasing elevation when the effect of body size (SVL) was removed. This strategy may possibly be correlated with early survival and growth of offspring. The decreased litter size cline along altitudinal gradient might be correlated with more anatomical constraints at higher altitudes. The lizard has lower coefficient of variation (CV) of litter size at higher environments. Moreover, females from higher elevations had less reproductive investment (relative litter mass, RLM). Study concluded that P. vlangalii fit into the common pattern of higher elevation animals that have smaller clutches of larger offspring and lower reproductive effort.

scholarly journals Morphological aspects of fruits, seeds, and seedlings, and anatomy of seedlings of apuleia molaris spruce ex benth

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisson Rodrigo Souza Reis ◽  
Alessandra Doce Dias de Freitas ◽  
Noemi Vianna Martins Leão ◽  
Benedito Gomes dos Santos Filho
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Plant Anatomy ◽  
The State ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Field Identification ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Common

Abstract: Apuleia molaris spruce ex benth, commonly known in Brazil as "amarelão," is a fast-growing forest plant with a potential for use in reforestation; however, there is little information about the physiology and morphology of its fruits, seeds, and seedlings. Thus, the objective of this work was to describe the morphology of the fruits, seeds, and seedlings, in addition to the anatomic patterns of seedlings, as a contribution to the technical-scientific knowledge and production of amazonian species for reforestation in the state of Pará. For this purpose, the morphological descriptions followed the parameters from specialized literature and the common techniques used in plant anatomy. The species presents leguminous fruit; seeds with pleurogram, average dimensions of 51.21, 21.33, and 2.09 mm length, width, and thickness, respectively; and seedlings with eophyll and pinnate metaphylls, cordiform, phanerocotylar germination, epigaeous, and foliaceous. Eophylls and metaphylls present uniseriate epidermis, collateral and dorsiventral vascular bundle. The morphological characteristics may help in field identification and in the identification of young plants, aiding the production of seedlings of this species. Furthermore, anatomically, the hypocotyl has no striking differences from the root.

Mechanical Characterization of Nanostructured Thin Films Used to Imporve Mechatronic Components

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Liliana-Laura Badita ◽  
Gheorghe Gheorghe ◽  
Vasile Bratu ◽  
Valentin Gornoava ◽  
Marian Vocurek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Metallic Thin Films ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Common ◽  
Scratch Tests ◽  
Steel Substrates

Abstract Taking into account the importance of mechatronic applications, researches regarding the possibility to improve the lifetime of mechatronic components were made. Nanostructured metallic thin films (Ti, Cr, Al and Ti/Al multilayer) were deposited on different types of steel substrates, because nanomaterials have exceptional properties in relation to the common materials. In this paper a part of the results obtained after mechanical and topographic characterization of the thin films are presented. Cr is the deposited thin film showing the highest hardness on the surface of steel substrate type OSC. After the scratch tests realized, Ti layer presented the best adhesion on all types of steel substrates used in experiments. The results of these researches could be extremely useful for engineers in the mechatronic field.

Factorial Analysis in the Ecology of Rocky Subtidal Areas Near Brest (West Brittany, France)

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Castric ◽  
C. Chasse
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Wave Action ◽  
Hydrodynamic Conditions ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Percentage Cover ◽  
Rocky Subtidal ◽  
Characteristic Species ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Strong Tidal Current

In order to investigate the characteristic species and the relative importance of selected environmental conditions of rocky bottom communities in coastal waters and to estimate their richness, 27 sites in the Brest area were surveyed by diving. The abundances of underwater species, from a check-list of 115, were plotted as number of individuals or colonies in m2 or in percentage cover of the rock, against the environmental conditions (depth, bedrock slope, substrate type and sediment nature of the nearest soft bottom). Raw data were converted to biovolume expressed as mm3 m–2 and expressed as log 10 (x + 1).Various correspondence analyses were applied to these data: the first included bedrock slope (lit/dark surfaces) and takes into account the four biological formations according to the depth. It shows zonation with depth and decreasing light as factor 1, hydrodynamic conditions (waves or current) as factor 2, mixing of estuarine and oceanic waters as factor 3 and turbidity as factor 4. Four species assemblages emerge from these four axes, for which the main species contributing to the four axes may be considered as characteristic species. These correspond well to four broad communities described in British waters: very exposed to wave-action, semi-exposed to wave-action, exposed to strong tidal current, very sheltered sites. The second analysis, in which lit and dark surfaces are distinguished, but some very close sites are fused together, shows in detail the photophilous or sciaphilous nature of the species. Values of hydrodynamic conditions and percentage of surface light plotted on the 'stations-points' of the graphs allow drawing of a factorial network which may be used as hydrodynamic and illumination scales.

Erynia pieris (Zygomycetes: Entomophthoraceae), a new pathogen of Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae): description, host range, and notes on Erynia virescens

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zengzhi Li ◽  
Richard A. Humber
Keyword(s):  
Heliothis Virescens ◽  
Trichoplusia Ni ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Heliothis Zea ◽  
Potato Leafhopper ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Spodoptera Eridania ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Common

Erynia pieris Li & Humber (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) is described for a fungus originally isolated from Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). The fungus grows and sporulates well on standard mycological media. Primary conidia are ovoid to obovoid, 21–33 × 11–24 μm (averaging 26 × 16 μm, with a length/width ratio of 1.60), uninucleate, bitunicate, and forcibly discharged from bifurcate or irregularly branched conidiophores. Secondary through quaternary conidia are more nearly globose than primary conidia. Nuclei contain prominent, readily stained chromosomal granulations. Cystidia emerge from the host body before the conidiophores, are only slightly thicker than conidiophores at the base, and taper to a blunt apex. Rhizoids are monohyphal on lepidopterans, are little thicker than vegetative hyphae, and have no discoid terminal holdfast; rhizoidal morphology varies considerably between lepidopterous and nonlepidopterous hosts. No resting spores were observed. Laboratory studies demonstrated the pathogenicity of cultures of this fungus on several other lepidopterans (Estigmene acrea, Heliothis zea, Heliothis virescens, Trichoplusia ni, Spodoptera eridania). on the common housefly (Musca domestica), and on potato leafhopper (Etnpoasca fabae). Erynia virescens (Thax.) Remaudière & Hennebert is emended and compared with E. pieris; both species are assigned to Erynia subg. Furia (Batko) Li & Humber, comb. nov. Furia differs from other Erynia subgenera by the presence of cystidia as thick as conidiophores and of rhizoids no thicker than vegetative hyphae and having no differentiated terminal holdfasts, and by the absence of secondary capilliconidia.

Colonies as dynamic systems: reconstructing the life history of Cribrilina annulata (Bryozoa) on two algal substrates

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (06) ◽  
pp. 1363-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uliana A. Nekliudova ◽  
Ksenia V. Shunkina ◽  
Alexey V. Grishankov ◽  
Marina A. Varfolomeeva ◽  
Andrey I. Granovitch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Functional Dynamics ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractQuantifying interconnected performances of the modules in a colonial organism (feeding, sexual reproduction, rejuvenation, dormancy) into an integral picture enables studying functional dynamics and resource allocation at different levels – from module to population. Testing this approach on the common boreal-Arctic bryozoan Cribrilina annulata in the White Sea, we describe its life history, comparing colonies on two algal substrates with contrasting size and lifespan. Colonies living on kelps were much larger and had a higher proportion of dormant zooids, whereas the percentage of reproducing, feeding and rejuvenating zooids was higher in colonies on red algae (with the colonies also exhibiting longer reproductive period). Colony lifespan was dependent both on substrate type and on time of colony establishment, lasting from 4–5 to up to 17 months on kelps and 14–18 months on red algae. During the reproductive season (May–September) the C. annulata population consisted of colonies of three cohorts on both substrata: overwintered and two summer generations that behaved differently. Whereas overwintered and summer colonies established in June–early August produced larvae, most of the colonies established after mid-summer were preparing for hibernation and postponed reproduction until next spring. Moreover, young reproducing colonies formed brooding hermaphrodite zooids of ordinary size, whereas overwintered colonies budded smaller-sized basal and frontal (dwarf) hermaphrodites. Finally, overall zooidal performance in co-existing colonies of the overwintered and young generations was different on kelps, but similar on red algae. Altogether our findings indicate that the life histories of colonial epibionts are much more complex and evolutionarily flexible than generally acknowledged.

Performance of crossbred progeny of Trangie Fertility Merino and Booroola Merino rams and Poll Dorset ewes. 1. Lamb birth weight, survival and growth

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG Hall ◽  
NM Fogarty ◽  
AR Gilmour
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
The Common ◽  
Lamb Survival

Merino rams of the Trangie Fertility and Booroola strains were joined to Poll Dorset ewes in single sire mating groups over 3 years. Forty sires produced a total of 1250 lambs in 885 litters from 451 ewes. Lamb birth weight averaged 4.1 kg, 80.8% of lambs survived to 3 days of age and growth rates to weaning (mean 93 days) averaged 289 g/day. Lambs with Trangie Fertility sires grew 15 g/day faster and were 1.3 kg heavier at weaning than those lambs with Booroola sires (P<0.001). There were no effects of sire strain on birth weight or lamb survival. Birth weight increased with dam liveweight in mid-pregnancy (P<0.001), and weaning weight and growth rate increased with dam liveweight at joining (P<0.001). Survival of lambs was predominantly a function of birth weight. Lambs weighing 4 kg at birth from primiparous dams had survival rates of 76% compared with 88% for lambs from multiparous dams (P<0.01). No lamb under 2.0 or over 6.3 kg survived, and 48% of deaths occurred within 1 day of birth. Dystocia, particularly of heavy, single-born lambs, caused 53% of observed lamb deaths. For the traits birth weight, lamb survival, weaning weight and growth rate, the direct heritabilities were 0.24 � 0.10, 0.05 � 0.05, 0.19 � 0.10 and 0.12 � 0.08 respectively; the corresponding maternal heritabilities were 0.08 � 0.05, 0.05 � 0.04, 0.05 � 0.05 and 0.07 � 0.05 respectively; and the common environmental effects among litter mates (c2) were 0.57 � 0.08, 0.47 � 0.08, 0.15 � 0.08 and 0.13 � 0.08 respectively.

scholarly journals Content of anthocyanins of seed of Phaseolus vulgaris

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Rafael Manuel de Jesús Mex-Morales ◽  
Patricia Margarita Garma-Quen ◽  
María Magali Guillen-Morales ◽  
María Isabel Novelo-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
The Common

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) is an important food in Mexico that provides both macronutrients and bioactive substances that are beneficial for the health of its consumers, in particular it provides polyphenolic compounds such as anthocyanins that make it a functional food; the objective of the present work was to evaluate the content of polyphenols and their ferric iron reducing activity of beans grown in the Municipality of Hopelchen, Campeche (Mexico) to characterize their agronomic and alimentary value. The morphometric parameters of length, width, thickness, weight and volume were measured; An aqueous maceration of the bean seeds was carried out in an acid medium (0.1 M HCl) and the content of polyphenols (Folin Ciocalteu Method), anthocyanins (visible spectrophotometry) and determination of the Reducing Iron Power (FRAP, by the method of TPTZ) of the aqueous extracts. It was found that the concentration of anthocyanins correlates with the total content of polyphenols and with the reducing activity of the ferric ion, the aqueous extracts obtained had a content of total phenols of 413 mg EAG/100g of seed, of anthocyanins of 42 mg MGE/100 g of seed and an iron reducing power of 10.26 mol of Fe2+/g of seed. The morphometric characteristics and the polyphenol content of the Hopelchén bean demonstrate that the harvested grain is of good quality and corresponds to the expected values for this food.

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