Maintenance of Leaf Temperature and the Optimisation of Carbon Gain in Relation to Water Loss in a Tropical Mangrove Forest

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC Ball ◽  
IR Cowan ◽  
GD Farquhar
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
C3 Species ◽  
Gas Exchange Characteristics

Properties and display of foliage were studied in relation to gas exchange characteristics of tropical mangrove species. Rates of assimilation of CO2 were maximal at leaf temperatures of approximately 30°C. The species operated with higher water use efficiencies than do most C3 species, and water-use characteristics became increasingly conservative with increase in the salinity tolerance of the species. Changes in three properties of leaves, i.e. inclination, area, and succulence, contributed to maintenance of leaf temperatures near air temperatures with minimal evaporative cooling. Interspecific differences in water-use characteristics, and their relationship to the maintenance of favourable leaf temperatures, could affect the competitive abilities of mangroves and the structure of mangrove forests.

scholarly journals KOMPOSISI JENIS MANGROVE DAN PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP KAWASAN MANGROVE DESA SAYOANG, HALMAHERA SELATAN, MALUKU UTARA Mangrove Species Compotition and Community Knowledge of Mangrove Area in Sayoang Village, Distric of South Halmahera

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Omo Rusdiana ◽  
Fajar Alif Sam Pangestu
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Management Activity ◽  
Community Knowledge ◽  
Mangrove Area ◽  
Total Respondent ◽  
The Government

The area of mangrove forests in Indonesia is currently only spanning as much as 3.4 milion acres, so there is a need for the participation of the government and community to maintain its sustainability. South Halmahera is the district with the largest mangrove area in the North Maluku Province. One of the mangrove areas in the District of South Halmahera is located at Sayoang Village, East Bacan Subdistrict Up until its eleventh founding anniversary, this district have never conducted an inventorizing of its mangroves, both ecological and social studies in the field of public. This study aims to analyze the compotition of mangrove species in Sayoang Village, East Bacan Subdistrict, South Halmahera, and identify the knowledge of surrounding communities of mangrove areas as protected areas. Data were retrieved using sampling method with applications terraced paths, and analyzed by calculating its important value index (INP) and its index value diversity (IVD). The public social data were taken using in-depth interviews and questionnaires. Results obtained from this study show that the mangrove forest in Sayoang Village, East Bacan District, Halmahera, consists of major mangrove species with as many as eleven species belonging to families Rhizophoraceae, Sonneratiaceae, Avicenniaceae, Meliaceae and Myrtaceae, and as many as three species of minor mangrove belonging to families of Loranthaceae, Acanthaceae, and Pteridaceae. The mangrove's species diversity and richness is and low, but it has high evenness. The results showed that 60% of total respondents know the benefit of mangrove as fish habitat, while for mangrove area as conserving areas, 50% of total respondent don't know the status of the area. The cutting problems happened in mangrove areas, 90% of total respondent know the activity and 85% of total respondent think that the logging activities in mangrove area is still allowed. The management activity of mangrove area in Sayoang village hasn't been conducted, either by the community or by local Dinas Kehutanan, and 53% of total respondent still wishing the mangrove can give more benefit economically.Key words: Mangrove forest, mangrove protected areas, community knowledge

scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS MANGROVE DI DESA MENDALOK KECAMATAN SUNGAI KUNYIT KABUPATEN MEMPAWAH

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syahrul Muharamsyah ◽  
M Sofwan Anwari ◽  
Hafiz Ardian
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Rhizophora Stylosa ◽  
Sonneratia Caseolaris ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
Bruguiera Cylindrica

Mangrove forests are unique ecosystems that have ecological, biological and socio-economic functions. The function of mangrove forests on the environment is very important especially in the coastal and oceanic regions. Mangrove forests providers of wood, leaves as raw material for medicines, and natural dye. This study aims to inventory the diversity of species of mangrove vegetation in Mendalok Village, Sungai Kunyit Subdistrict, Mempawah Regency. The benefits of this study are to provide the data on mangrove forest vegetation as basic data for local government and related agencies in efforts to protect and preserve mangrove forests in Mendalok Village, Sungai Kunyit Subdistrict, Mempawah Regency. Inventory the tree in mangrove forest used a line with measured 200 meters. There are 6 lines and the distance between the lines as far as 100 meters. The lines of observation are placed by purposive sampling. The results of research found 11 types of species and consisted of 6 genera. The genera are Avicennia, Bruguiera, Ceriops, Rhizophora, Soneratia and Xylocarpus. The species found were Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Bruguiera cylindrica, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera parviflora, Ceriops decandra, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa, Sonneratia caseolaris, Xylocarpus mollucensis. Diversity of mangrove species in Mendalok Village, Sungai Kunyit Subdistrict, Mempawah Regency was high and should be maintained for conservation and ecotourism area. Keywords : conservation, ecotourism, mangrove, Mendalok Village

scholarly journals Predicting mangrove forest dynamics across a soil salinity gradient using an individual-based vegetation model linked with plant hydraulics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaya Yoshikai ◽  
Takashi Nakamura ◽  
Rempei Suwa ◽  
Sahadev Sharma ◽  
Rene Rollon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽  
Rhizophora Stylosa ◽  
Plant Hydraulics

Abstract. In mangrove forests, soil salinity is one of the most significant environmental factors determining mangrove forest distribution and productivity as it limits plant water uptake and carbon gain. However, salinity control on mangrove productivity through plant hydraulics has not been investigated by existing mangrove models. Thus, we present a new individual-based model linked with plant hydraulics to incorporate physiological characterization of mangrove growth under salt stress. Plant hydraulics was associated with mangroves nutrient uptake and biomass allocation apart from water flux and carbon gain. The developed model was performed for two-coexisting species of Rhizophora stylosa and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza in a subtropical mangrove forest in Japan. The model predicted that the productivity of both species was affected by soil salinity through downregulation of stomatal conductance, while B. gymnorrhiza trees grow faster and suppress the growth of R. stylosa trees by shading that resulted in a B. gymnorrhiza-dominated forest under low soil salinity conditions (< 28 ‰). Alternatively, the increase in soil salinity significantly reduced the productivity of B. gymnorrhiza compared to R. stylosa, leading to an increase in biomass of R. stylosa despite the enhanced salt stress (> 30 ‰). These predicted patterns in forest structures across soil salinity gradient remarkably agreed with field data, highlighting the control of salinity on productivity and tree competition as factors that shape the mangrove forest structures. The model reproducibility of forest structures was also supported by the predicted self-thinning processes, which likewise agreed with field data. In addition, the mangroves morphological adjustment to increasing soil salinity – by decreasing transpiration and increasing hydraulic conductance – was reasonably predicted. Aside from the soil salinity, seasonal dynamics in atmospheric variables (solar radiation and temperature) was highlighted as factors influencing mangrove productivity in a subtropical region. The physiological principle-based improved model has the potential to be extended to other mangrove forests in various environmental settings, thus contributing to a better understanding of mangrove dynamics under future global climate change.

scholarly journals Biogeochemical Processes of C and N in the Soil of Mangrove Forest Ecosystems

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yo-Jin Shiau ◽  
Chih-Yu Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Biogeochemical Processes ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
C And N

The mangrove forest provides various ecosystem services in tropical and subtropical regions. Many of these services are driven by the biogeochemical cycles of C and N, and soil is the major reservoir for these chemical elements. These cycles may be influenced by the changing climate. The high plant biomass in mangrove forests makes these forests an important sink for blue C storage. However, anaerobic soil conditions may also turn mangrove forests into an environmentally detrimental producer of greenhouse gases (such as CH4 and N2O), especially as air temperatures increase. In addition, the changing environmental factors associated with climate change may also influence the N cycles and change the patterns of N2 fixation, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium, and denitrification processes. This review summarizes the biogeochemical processes of C and N cycles in mangrove forest soils based on recently published studies, and how these processes may respond to climate change, with the aim of predicting the impacts of climate change on the mangrove forest ecosystem.

scholarly journals Gastropods In Mangrove Forest Of Tongkeina Village, Bunaken Sub-District, City Of Manado

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dewanti Y Talumingan ◽  
Ferdinand F. Tilaar ◽  
Jety K. Rangan ◽  
Maartinus M Baroleh ◽  
Victor N. R. Watung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Long Line ◽  
Made In

This research aims to determine the types or species of gastropod and its distribution in mangrove forests in Tongkeina village and to know the species of mangrove in Tongkeina village. The Research was conducted on one sampling point with one 100 meters long line transect which was is laid perpendicular to the outer direction of the mangrove.  To collect gastropod samples, three quadrates with a size of 10x10meters with a distance between the quadrate 5 meters were made. In the quadrate, 15 subquadrates sized 1x1meters were also made. Based on the results, there were 6 species of gastropods and two distribution patterns of i.e., Cluster the species of the Littoraria scabra, Angustassiminea castanea, Terebralia sulcate. The uniform distribution pattern is Ischinocerithium rostratum, Caliostoma jujubinum, and Nerita senegalensis. There are ten mangrove species found and  the most common species is Soneratia alba with a total of 27 individuals.Keywords: Gastropods, forest, Mangrove, Tongkeina village ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Jenis-jenis gastropoda serta persebaran pada hutan mangrove di Kelurahan Tongkeina dan untuk mengetahui Jenis-jenis mangrove di Kelurahan Tongkeina. Penelitian hanya di lakukan satu titik pengambilan sampel dimana dibuat 1 line transek dengan Panjang 100meter yang di tarik tegak lurus dari arah terluar mangrove kemudian dibuat 3 kuadrat dengan ukuran 10x10meter dengan jarak antara kuadrat 5 meter, dan di dalam kuadrat dibuat 15 subkuadrat berukuran 1x1 meter. Berdasarkan penelitian hasil ditemukan ada 6 spesies gastopoda dan dua pola persebaran Gastropoda yaitu mengelompok dan seragam, spesies mengelompok yaitu Littoraria scabra, Angustassiminea castanea, Terebralia sulcate. Pola persebaran seragam yaitu Ischinocerithium rostratum, Caliostoma jujubinum, Nerita senegalensis. Mangrove ditemukan 10 Spesies yang terbanyak adalah Soneratia alba dengan jumlah 27 individu.Kata kunci: Gastropoda, Hutan, Mangrove, Kelurahan Tongkeina.

scholarly journals Community mapping and vegetational analysis of the mangrove forest in Calabanga, San Miguel Bay, Philippines

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 02017
Author(s):  
Agnes Zafe Faustino ◽  
Helen Lonsamia Madela ◽  
Richard Gavina Castor ◽  
Alvin Paredes Muroda ◽  
Marian Nena Parato Chavez
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
Philippine Government

Mangrove forests in Philippines have been noted for years to be continuously dwindling in terms of forest cover and diversity. The reasons behind these unfortunate events are the unabated illegal activities in the mangroves albeit the enforcement of laws and policies pertaining to its conservation and rehabilitation. For several decades, the Philippine government had been implementing programs and projects aiming to bring back the once pristine and productive mangrove areas through reforestation of denuded areas in the country. However, assessment is needed to evaluate whether these efforts have positively impacted coastal areas. This paper presents the current vegetational condition of selected reforested mangrove areas in Calabanga, San Miguel Bay, Philippines. Fifty-six (56) quadrats measuring 10x10m were established strategically in four (4) randomly selected rehabilitated mangrove sites. The overall results show that ten (10) mangrove species were recorded and Rhizophora apiculata and Rhizophora mucronata got the highest importance values of 111.59 and 105.96 respectively. This only shows that mono-specific mangrove species were considered during the rehabilitation of the areas set aside the environmental parameters affecting survival rate and the ecological diversity of the mangrove forest. A framework was developed to guide the local government in developing their sustainable mangrove management plan.

scholarly journals Studi potensi hutan mangrove di Pulau Serangan sebagai kawasan ekowisata

2019 ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
I Ketut Darma Kusuma Artha ◽  
Ni Wayan Febriana Utami ◽  
I Gusti Alit Gunadi
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Observation Area ◽  
Bird Watching ◽  
Suitability Index ◽  
Biophysical Approach ◽  
Development Area

Study on the potency of mangroves forest in Serangan Island as ecotourism area in South Denpasar District, Denpasar, Bali. Mangrove Forest on Serangan Island is an area managed by PT.Bali Turtle Island Development (BTID) which is a government land under the supervision of the Bali Provincial Forestry Agency (Dinas Kehutanan Provinsi Bali) and Nature Resource Conservation Center (BKSDA). The total area of mangrove forest about of 33 hectares, the mangrove forest in Serangan Island indicate to have biophysic potency such diversity of mangrove species and diversity of fauna. The purpose of this study is to identify the biodiversity of mangrove forests and to assess the suitability of mangrove forests as ecotourism areas. The method used in this research was the conformity analysis proposed by Bahar (2004) and Yulianda (2007) to assess the potency of mangrove forest with biophysical approach. The results of this study found that the area of mangrove forest on Serangan Island was dominated by mangrove species Sonneratia and Rhizopora, with diversity of fauna found such as birds, reptiles, and marine biota at each point of observation area. The tourist suitability index (Ik) of mangrove forest was 153 and belong to medium category or potentially as an ecotourism area. Recommendation for ecotourism development area of mangrove forest consist of basic concept of development which were buffer area and eco-tourism area. Then ecotourism activities were develop e.g natural interpretation, nature viewing, bird watching, photo hunting, board walks, and fishing. In addition, support from local community and tourists around the mangrove forest was very much to developed Serangan Island as an ecotourism area.

scholarly journals Peranan Restorasi Hutan dalam Konservasi Jenis Mangrove di Pesisir Timur Sumatera Utara

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Rizka Amelia ◽  
Onrizal Onrizal ◽  
Nurdin Sulistiyono
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Mangrove Restoration ◽  
Wetland Resource ◽  
North Sumatra

Hutan mangrove merupakan sumber daya lahan basah yang berfungsi sebagai penyangga kehidupan. Namun demikian, dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, hutan mangrove banyak yang rusak atau hilang, terutama akibat konversi mangrove menjadi lahan tambak. Kegiatan restorasi mangrove pada lahan bekas tambak telah mulai dilakukan dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Peneltian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur pemulihan jenis-jenis mangrove melalui kegiatan restorasi mangrove pada lahan bekas tambak serta mengetahui komposisi jenis hutan mangrove hasil restorasi dimaksud di pesisir timur Sumatera Utara. Sebanyak 30 plot contoh yang masing masing berukuran 10 m x 10 m telah dibangun di setiap umur tegakan (5-9 tahun) dan hutan sekunder. Seluruh pohon yang berdiameter (DBH) ≥ 2 cm di dalam plot contoh diidentifikasi dan diukur diamaternya. Secara keseluruhan, terdapat 14 jenis mangrove pada seluruh plot contoh atau setara dengan 42,42% dari seluruh jenis tumbuhan mangrove sejati yang terdapat di Indonesia. Dengan demikian, restorasi mangrove mampu memulihkan keanekaragaman jenis mangrove, sehingga restorasi mangrove pada lahan bekas tambak perlu dipromosikan dalam upaya mengembalikan berbagai fungsi mangrove bagi ketahanan masyarakat dan sumberdaya pesisir.   Mangrove forest is a wetland resource that serves as a buffer zone. However, in the past few decades, many mangrove forests have been damaged or converted, mainly into ponds. To address such a problem, mangrove restoration activities have begun in recent years. This research aims to measure the recovery of mangrove species on ex-pond land and indicate the type of mangrove forest composition through the mangrove restoration activities in North Sumatra. A total of 30 sample plots, with 10 m x 10 m size each, have been built at each stand age (5-9 years) and secondary forests. All trees with a diameter (DBH) ≥ 2 cm in the sample plot are identified and measured. The results show that overall, there are 14 types of mangroves in all sample plots, equivalent to 42.42% of all pure mangrove species in Indonesia. Therefore, it can be concluded that the activities can restore the diversity of mangrove species, so that needs to be promoted as an effort to restore the various functions of mangroves to resilience the community and coastal resources.

scholarly journals Vegetation Structure and Damage Level Mangrove Forest in Manomadehe Island, Subdistrict South Jailolo, North Maluku Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Salim Abubakar ◽  
Riyadi Subur ◽  
Masykhur Abdul Kadir ◽  
Rina Rina ◽  
Adi Noman Susanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Rhizophora Stylosa ◽  
Xylocarpus Granatum ◽  
Sonneratia Alba ◽  
Mangrove Vegetation ◽  
Ceriops Tagal

Mangrove forest is a natural resource typical of tropical coasts, which has multiple benefits with a very broad impact when viewed from social, economic and ecological aspects. Management of natural resources must be very prudent because it takes a long time to be able to recover when damage / extinction has occurred. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of mangrove species, the structure of mangrove forest vegetation (species density, relative density of species, frequency of species, relative frequency of species, species cover, relative cover of species and important values) and to determine the level of damage. Extraction of mangrove vegetation using the "spot check" method. The transects are drawn perpendicular to the coastline along the mangrove vegetation. The composition of mangrove species were 7 species, namely Rhizophora apiculata, R. stylosa, Bruguirea gymnorrhiza, Ceriops tagal, Sonneratia alba, Xylocarpus granatum and Aegiceras floridum. In the vegetation structure, the highest density and relative density were found in Rhizophora stylosa and the lowest was Xylocarpus granatum. The highest species and relative frequencies were Rhizophora stylosa, R. apiculata and the lowest were Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. The highest type and closure were Sonneratia alba and the lowest was Ceriops tagal. Meanwhile, the highest importance was in Sonneratia alba and the lowest was Xylocarpus granatum. Overall, the density value of mangrove species on Manomadehe Island is 2796 trees / ha so that the condition of the mangrove forests on Manomadehe Island is still in the good category (very dense).

scholarly journals Gastropods In Mangrove Forest Of Tongkeina Village, Bunaken Sub-District, City Of Manado

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dewanti Y Talumingan ◽  
Ferdinand F. Tilaar ◽  
Jety K. Rangan ◽  
Maartinus Baroleh ◽  
Victor N. R. Watung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Long Line ◽  
Made In

This research aims to determine the types or species of gastropod and its distribution in mangrove forests in Tongkeina village and to know the species of mangrove in Tongkeina village. The Research was conducted on one sampling point with one 100 meters long line transect which was is laid perpendicular to the outer direction of the mangrove.  To collect gastropod samples, three quadrates with a size of 10x10meters with a distance between the quadrate 5 meters were made. In the quadrate, 15 subquadrates sized 1x1meters were also made. Based on the results, there were 6 species of gastropods and two distribution patterns of i.e., Cluster the species of the Littoraria scabra, Angustassiminea castanea, Terebralia sulcate. The uniform distribution pattern is Ischinocerithium rostratum, Caliostoma jujubinum, and Nerita senegalensis. There are ten mangrove species found and  the most common species is Soneratia alba with a total of 27 individuals.Keywords: Gastropods, forest, Mangrove, Tongkeina village ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Jenis-jenis gastropoda serta persebaran pada hutan mangrove di Kelurahan Tongkeina dan untuk mengetahui Jenis-jenis mangrove di Kelurahan Tongkeina. Penelitian hanya di lakukan satu titik pengambilan sampel dimana dibuat 1 line transek dengan Panjang 100meter yang di tarik tegak lurus dari arah terluar mangrove kemudian dibuat 3 kuadrat dengan ukuran 10x10meter dengan jarak antara kuadrat 5 meter, dan di dalam kuadrat dibuat 15 subkuadrat berukuran 1x1 meter. Berdasarkan penelitian hasil ditemukan ada 6 spesies gastopoda dan dua pola persebaran Gastropoda yaitu mengelompok dan seragam, spesies mengelompok yaitu Littoraria scabra, Angustassiminea castanea, Terebralia sulcate. Pola persebaran seragam yaitu Ischinocerithium rostratum, Caliostoma jujubinum, Nerita senegalensis. Mangrove ditemukan 10 Spesies yang terbanyak adalah Soneratia alba dengan jumlah 27 individu.Kata kunci: Gastropoda, Hutan, Mangrove, Kelurahan Tongkeina.

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