Identification of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) as a potential marker of impaired growth in the newborn piglet

Two studies were conducted to investigate the relationship between circulating levels of haptoglobin and α-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) and growth in neonatal pigs. Circulating serum AGP, but not haptoglobin, was higher (P < 0.001) in newborn runts than average-sized littermates. At 1 and 3 weeks, AGP and haptoglobin were similar among control and runt piglets. To determine the possible association between AGP and growth rate, blood was collected between the first and second day after birth in piglets from 10 average litters. Birthweight was positively correlated with growth rate through 21 days (linear regression correlation coefficient (CC), 0.43 (P < 0.006); 0.299 (P < 0.003) in males and females, respectively). Plasma AGP at birth was negatively correlated with growth (CC, –0.429 (P < 0.006); –0.351 (P < 0.01) in males and females, respectively). When AGP was calculated on a per kg birthweight basis, the CC with growth improved by 25 and 34% in males and females, respectively, compared with birthweight alone. Haptoglobin in blood was not correlated with growth. These data suggest that AGP at birth is reflective of growth conditions in utero or fetal maturation and may serve as an early predictive biomarker for pre-weaning growth rate.

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The relationship of skin follicle development to growth rate in sheep.

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9550308 ◽

1955 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 308 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

PG Schinckel

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Considerable Importance ◽

Follicle Development ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Observations are reported on factors affecting the ratio of secondary to primary follicles (SJP) in a flock of Merino sheep.It was found that all follicles were initiated prior to birth but that the number which finally came to maturity (production of fibre) was significantly affected by birth weight and growth from birth to 1 month. Growth at later ages appeared to be unimportant. There was a significant correlation (r = +0.29) between birth weight and log potential S/P at birth. This is interpreted to indicate that while pre-natal growth conditions affect the number of follicles initiated, other factors are also of considerable importance. It is concluded that the larger animals at birth also have a greater total number of primary follicles than smaller animals. It is further concluded that this difference in total primary follicles results primarily from differences in size a t the 90th day of pre-natal life rather than from differences in density a t that time.

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Pike (Esox lucius) from Four Northern Canadian Lakes

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada ◽

10.1139/f47-020 ◽

1948 ◽

Vol 7b (4) ◽

pp. 190-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

R. B. Miller ◽

W. A. Kennedy

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Esox Lucius ◽

Pike Esox Lucius ◽

Rate Of Growth ◽

Bear Lake ◽

Great Slave Lake ◽

Males And Females ◽

The Relationship ◽

North Latitude

Scale samples and length and weight measurements of 281 pike from Great Bear lake, Great Slave lake, lake Athabaska and Lesser Slave lake have been used to calculate the rate of growth. A comparison with the growth rate of pike from Waskesiu lake, Saskatchewan, and lakes in Wisconsin shows that, in general, the rate varies with north latitude. The northern fish live five years longer but never attain as large a size. It is shown that the relationship between length and weight is independent of the rate of growth. Males and females grow at the same rate but females appear to live longer than males.

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Attachment and Field Dependence: Individual Differences in Information Processing

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040.9.1.43 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 43-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Patrizia Vermigli ◽

Alessandro Toni

Keyword(s):

Information Processing ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Field Dependence ◽

Attachment Styles ◽

Close Relationships ◽

Adult Age ◽

Males And Females ◽

Figure Test ◽

The Relationship ◽

Measure Field

The present research analyzes the relationship between attachment styles at an adult age and field dependence in order to identify possible individual differences in information processing. The “Experience in Close Relationships” test of Brennan et al. was administered to a sample of 380 individuals (160 males, 220 females), while a subsample of 122 subjects was given the Embedded Figure Test to measure field dependence. Confirming the starting hypothesis, the results have shown that individuals with different attachment styles have a different way of perceiving the figure against the background. Ambivalent and avoidant individuals lie at the two extremes of the same dimension while secure individuals occupy the central part. Significant differences also emerged between males and females.

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Lack of an association between gallstone disease and bilirubin levels with risk of colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomisation analysis

British Journal of Cancer ◽

10.1038/s41416-020-01211-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Richard Culliford ◽

Alex J. Cornish ◽

Philip J. Law ◽

Susan M. Farrington ◽

Kimmo Palin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Large Scale ◽

Causal Effect ◽

Gallstone Disease ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Mendelian Randomisation ◽

Linear Relationships ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

The Relationship ◽

Circulating Levels

Abstract Background Epidemiological studies of the relationship between gallstone disease and circulating levels of bilirubin with risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) have been inconsistent. To address possible confounding and reverse causation, we examine the relationship between these potential risk factors and CRC using Mendelian randomisation (MR). Methods We used two-sample MR to examine the relationship between genetic liability to gallstone disease and circulating levels of bilirubin with CRC in 26,397 patients and 41,481 controls. We calculated the odds ratio per genetically predicted SD unit increase in log bilirubin levels (ORSD) for CRC and tested for a non-zero causal effect of gallstones on CRC. Sensitivity analysis was applied to identify violations of estimator assumptions. Results No association between either gallstone disease (P value = 0.60) or circulating levels of bilirubin (ORSD = 1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.96–1.03, P value = 0.90) with CRC was shown. Conclusions Despite the large scale of this study, we found no evidence for a causal relationship between either circulating levels of bilirubin or gallstone disease with risk of developing CRC. While the magnitude of effect suggested by some observational studies can confidently be excluded, we cannot exclude the possibility of smaller effect sizes and non-linear relationships.

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Age-Dependency of Total Tau in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Is Corrected by Amyloid-β 1–40: A Correlational Study in Healthy Adults

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-210286 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Paul Theo Zebhauser ◽

Achim Berthele ◽

Marie-Sophie Franz ◽

Oliver Goldhardt ◽

Janine Diehl-Schmid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Amyloid Β ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Tau Proteins ◽

Clinical Settings ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Total Tau ◽

Potential Marker ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Relationship

Background: Tau proteins are established biomarkers of neuroaxonal damage in a wide range of neurodegenerative conditions. Although measurement of total-Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid is widely used in research and clinical settings, the relationship between age and total-Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid is yet to be fully understood. While past studies reported a correlation between age and total-Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid of healthy adults, in clinical practice the same cut-off value is used independently of patient’s age. Objective: To further explore the relationship between age and total-Tau and to disentangle neurodegenerative from drainage-dependent effects. Methods: We analyzed cerebrospinal fluid samples of 76 carefully selected cognitively healthy adults and included amyloid-β 1–40 as a potential marker of drainage from the brain’s interstitial system. Results: We found a significant correlation of total-Tau and age, which was no longer present when correcting total-Tau for amyloid-β 1–40 concentrations. These findings were replicated under varied inclusion criteria. Conclusion: Results call into question the association of age and total-Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid. Furthermore, they suggest diagnostic utility of amyloid-β 1–40 as a possible proxy for drainage-mechanisms into the cerebrospinal fluid when interpreting biomarker concentrations for neurodegenerative diseases.

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Binge Eating and Addictive-Like Behaviours in Males and Females

Psychological Reports ◽

10.1177/0033294120971750 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 003329412097175

Author(s):

Johanna Levallius ◽

Elin Monell ◽

Andreas Birgegård ◽

David Clinton ◽

Emma Forsén Mantilla

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Binge Eating ◽

Disordered Eating ◽

Food Addiction ◽

Community Sample ◽

Eating Behaviours ◽

Compulsive Exercise ◽

Males And Females ◽

Common Behaviour ◽

The Relationship

Introduction Binge eating is a common behaviour that is strongly linked to both obesity and eating disorder. There is evidence that binge eating commonly co-occurs with other problematic and addictive-like behaviours; however, this has not been explored systematically. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between binge eating, body weight, disordered eating behaviours and associated addictive-like behaviours, with particular attention paid to gender differences. Method A community sample ( N = 500; 75% female, Mage = 32.5 years) reported disordered eating behaviours (i.e. binge eating, purging, restriction of eating, compulsive exercise), body mass index (BMI), food addiction, starvation addiction, exercise dependence, tobacco use and alcohol consumption. Results 42% of females and 21% of males reported binge eating during the past four weeks. Binge eating was significantly associated with all investigated behaviours in females, and with purging, compulsive exercise and overweight/obesity in males. Controlling for BMI, self-starvation predicted binge eating in males (OR = 1.07), while food addiction (OR = 1.73) and alcohol dependence (OR = 1.11) predicted binge eating in females. Conclusions The multiple associations between binge eating and addictive-like behaviors supports broad screening and generalized prevention efforts. Prevention efforts should reflect gender differences.

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Effect of genotype, age of hens and K/k allele on eggshell quality

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/1429-cjas ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 56 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 242-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Z. Ledvinka ◽

L. Zita ◽

M. Hubený ◽

E. Tůmová ◽

M. Tyller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Egg Production ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Live Weight ◽

Shape Index ◽

Feed Mixture ◽

Eggshell Quality ◽

Feather Growth ◽

Two Factors ◽

The Relationship

We assessed the influence of the particular genotype, age of layers, feather growth-rate gene, and their mutual interactions on selected indicators of eggshell quality in six groups of hens of the laying type Dominant. The following genotypes were examined in the experiment: Barred Plymouth Rock, Dominant BPR 951 (K) strain, slow-feathering; Barred Plymouth Rock, Dominant BPR 901 (k) strain, fast-feathering; Blue Plymouth Rock, Dominant BLPR 954 (K) strain, slow-feathering; Blue Plymouth Rock, Dominant BLPR 894 (k) strain, fast-feathering; crossbreds of the above strains in the F1 generation Dominant D 107 blue (K), slow-feathering and Dominant D 107 blue (k), fast-feathering. The layers were fed a feed mixture NP1 (16.64 % CP) from the 20th week of age and a feed mixture NP2 (15.02% CP) from the 42nd week. Husbandry conditions met the regular requirements of laying hens. Egg production and live weight of hens were monitored for the duration of the experiment (12 months). Eggshell quality was examined at the layers' age of 27, 35 and 56 weeks. The average hen-day egg production for the duration of the experiment (12 months) was not significantly influenced by the particular genotype or the feather growth-rate gene. The varying representation of the feather growth-rate gene significantly (P ≤ 0.001) influenced the live weight; similarly, the relationship between the genotype and the representation of K/k alleles was significant. The average egg weight was influenced statistically significantly (P ≤ 0.001) by the age of hens, their genotype (P ≤ 0.05), feather growth-rate gene (P ≤ 0.001), and the relationship between the age and genotype (P ≤ 0.001). The age of hens, genotype, and the interaction of these two factors affected the egg shape index, as did the incidence of the feather growth-rate gene within the population (with a statistical significance of P ≤ 0.001). The age, genotype and the feather growth-rate gene incidence within the population also significantly affected the eggshell quality indicators. In the eggshell to egg ratio, eggshell thickness and strength, an interaction was determined between the age of hens and their particular genotype. The eggshell colour was also significantly (P ≤ 0.001) affected by hens' age, genotype (P ≤ 0.001), as well as by the feather growth-rate gene (P ≤ 0.001). No significant interaction between the age and the genotype was found for this indicator.

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Preparation and characterization of epitaxial iron oxide films

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.1998.0281 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 2003-2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Y. Gao ◽

Y. J. Kim ◽

S. A. Chambers

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Iron Oxide ◽

Oxygen Plasma ◽

Film Surface ◽

Surface Region ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Epitaxial Films ◽

Pure Phase ◽

Iron Oxide Films

Well-ordered, pure-phase epitaxial films of FeO, Fe3O4, and γ–Fe2O3 were prepared on MgO(001) by oxygen-plasma-assisted MBE. The stoichiometries of these thin films were controlled by varying the growth rate and oxygen partial pressure. Selective growth of γ–Fe2O3 and α–Fe2O3 was achieved by controlling the growth conditions in conjunction with the choice of appropriate substrates. Growth of the iron oxide epitaxial films on MgO at ≥350 °C is accompanied by significant Mg outdiffusion. The FeO(001) film surface exhibits a (2 × 2) reconstruction, which is accompanied by a significant amount of Fe3+ in the surface region. Fe3O4 (001) has been found to reconstruct to a structure. γ–Fe23 (001) film surface is unreconstructed.

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Resting Heart Rate as a Predictor of Cancer Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10071354 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1354

Author(s):

Diana P. Pozuelo-Carrascosa ◽

Iván Cavero-Redondo ◽

I.M. Lee ◽

Celia Álvarez-Bueno ◽

Sara Reina-Gutierrez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Positive Association ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Potential Marker ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Risk Of Cancer ◽

The Relationship

This work was aimed to synthetize the evidence available about the relationship between resting heart rate (RHR) and the risk of cancer mortality. A computerized search in the Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases from their inception to 24 September 2020 was performed. We performed three meta-analyses: (1) cancer mortality comparing the “less than 60 bpm” and “more than 60 bpm” categories; (2) cancer mortality comparing “less than 60 bpm”, “60 to 80 bpm”, and “more than 80 bpm” categories; and (3) analysis for 10–12 and 20 bpm increase in RHR and risk of cancer mortality. Twenty-two studies were included in the qualitative review, and twelve of them met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. Our results showed a positive association between RHR and the risk of cancer mortality. This association was shown in a meta-analysis comparing studies reporting mean RHR values below and above 60 bpm, when comparing three RHR categories using less than 60 bpm as the reference category and, finally, in dose response analyses estimating the effect of an increase of 10–12 bpm in RHR, both in men and in women. In conclusion, a low RHR is a potential marker of low risk of cancer mortality.

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A NOTE ON INFLATION, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND INCOME INEQUALITY

Macroeconomic Dynamics ◽

10.1017/s1365100508070491 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 138-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Yi Jin

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Growth Rate ◽

Income Inequality ◽

Endogenous Growth ◽

Money Growth ◽

Relative Importance ◽

Long Run ◽

Endogenous Growth Model ◽

The Relationship ◽

Negative Growth

This paper develops a monetary endogenous growth model with capital and skill heterogeneity to analyze the relationship among inflation, growth, and income inequality. In the model inflation, growth, and inequality are jointly determined. We show that an increase in the long-run money growth rate raises inflation and reduces growth, but its effect on income inequality depends on the relative importance of the two types of heterogeneity. Inequality shrinks with the rise of inflation when capital heterogeneity dominates and enlarges when skill heterogeneity dominates. Therefore, our model supports a negative (positive) inflation–inequality relationship and a positive (negative) growth–inequality relationship when capital (skill) heterogeneity dominates. In any event, inflation and growth are negatively related.

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