Tracking the uptake of outcomes of hepatitis B virus testing using laboratory data in Victoria, 2011–16: a population-level cohort study

Sexual Health ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
Caroline van Gemert ◽  
Wayne Dimech ◽  
Mark Stoove ◽  
Rebecca Guy ◽  
Jess Howell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Sentinel Surveillance ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽  
Testing Data ◽  
Hepatitis B Testing

Background A priority area in the 2016 Victorian Hepatitis B Strategy is to increase diagnostic testing. This study describes hepatitis B testing and positivity trends in Victoria between 2011 and 2016 using data from a national laboratory sentinel surveillance system. Methods: Line-listed diagnostic and monitoring hepatitis B testing data among Victorian individuals were collated from six laboratories participating in the Australian Collaboration for Coordinated Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance (ACCESS) of sexually transmissible infections and blood-borne viruses. Diagnostic tests included hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-only tests and guideline-based hepatitis B tests (defined as a single test event for HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antibody and hepatitis B core antibody). Using available data, the outcomes of testing and/or infection were further classified. Measures reported include the total number of HBsAg and guideline-based tests conducted and the proportion positive, classified as either HBsAg positive or chronic hepatitis B infection. Results: The number of HBsAg tests decreased slightly each year between 2011 and 2016 (from 91043 in 2011 to 79664 in 2016; P < 0.001), whereas the number of guideline-based hepatitis B tests increased (from 8732 in 2011 to 16085 in 2016; P <0.001). The proportion of individuals classified as having chronic infection decreased from 25% in 2011 to 7% in 2016, whereas the proportion classified as susceptible and immune due to vaccination increased (from 29% to 39%, and from 27% to 34%, respectively; P < 0.001). Conclusions: The study findings indicate an increased uptake of guideline-based hepatitis B testing. The ongoing collection of testing data can help monitor progress towards implementation of the Victorian Hepatitis B Strategy.

Impact evaluation of a youth sexually transmissible infection awareness campaign using routinely collected data sources

Sexual Health ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Gold ◽  
Jane Goller ◽  
Margaret Hellard ◽  
Megan S. C. Lim ◽  
Jane Hocking ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Chlamydia Testing ◽  
Sti Testing ◽  
Routinely Collected Data ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Testing Data

Background Young people are at high risk of sexually transmissible infections (STI) and notifications of chlamydia are rising rapidly. In 2007, a Victorian multimedia campaign aimed to increase STI testing and condom use among 18–25-year-olds. We conducted a retrospective impact evaluation using multiple sources of routinely collected data. Methods: Population-level chlamydia testing data from general practice, chlamydia testing data from five government primary care clinics with a high caseload of young people, and behavioural data from an annual youth behavioural survey were analysed. Analyses included time-series regression to assess trends in testing levels, Kruskal–Wallis tests to assess changes in positivity, and χ2-tests to assess knowledge and behaviour change. Results: There was no significant difference in the slope of monthly chlamydia testing in population-level or clinic-based surveillance during the campaign compared with before or after the campaign, and no changes in chlamydia positivity. Between 2007 and 2008, there was a significant increase in STI knowledge among females (P < 0.01) and in the proportion of females reporting always using a condom with casual (P = 0.04) and new sexual partners (P < 0.01) in the annual behavioural survey. Conclusions: Our findings suggest the campaign had no impact on STI testing but may have contributed to an increase in knowledge and condom use among females; however, this increase could not be directly attributed to the campaign. Future campaigns targeting young people for STI testing should consider alternative messages and approaches, and include robust evaluation mechanisms to measure campaign impact prospectively.

Faster ways of pursuing quality control using EHR (Electronic Health Record).

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 169-169
Author(s):  
Ashish Dutta Dwary ◽  
Samip R. Master ◽  
Glenn Morris Mills ◽  
Richard P. Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Relational Database ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Quality Measure ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Object Model ◽  
Hepatitis B Testing ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
Sql Query

169 Background: In this era of electronic health records (EHR), quality monitoring can be a fast repetitive process. Having access to the relational database of the EHR permits rapid case identification and quality indicator determination. We hereby describe evaluation of hepatitis B testing prior to rituximab administration, a quality measure as per ASCO guidelines. Methods: We connected SQL Query Manager with EPIC Clarity database. Using the object model for medication orders, location and department, we used SQL language to build a temporary dataset of all patients who have a completed order for a Rituximab infusion at a specific department location within the past 6 months. Using the dataset obtained in step 2, we created a smaller dataset with one row for each patient. We updated each unique patient row by updating columns for the count of completed Rituximab infusions, the first infusion date and the last infusion date. We then updated each row from a query of the order procedure and results object model. The unique patient id and component id are the key fields for this query. The Hepatitis B surface antigen and core antibody results were queried from up to 6 months prior to the initial rituximab dose. We looped through the dataset and compared the first Rituximab start date with the Hepatitis B testing date. If the testing date is before the drug administration date, a Boolean column was updated to indicate a 1 for passing the quality measure and a 0 for not passing. Finally, we reviewed that chart of any patients who fail the electronic quality measure check as some Hepatitis B testing may be represented in scanned results and these scanned results cannot be queried. Results: When the final SQL query runs, it takes less than a minute to see the result set. The query can be run at any interval or date range. Once the SQL procedure is created, there is essentially no labor and very low costs to run procedure at specific time intervals. Conclusions: Quality control is integral for improvement in patient care. Doing quality monitoring can be labor intensive, expensive, repetitive and time consuming. By using the relational database created and maintained by the EHR we can accomplish the quality control in faster way that is time and cost effective.

Trends in testing and notification for genital gonorrhoea in a northern Australian district, 2004 - 2008

Sexual Health ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiunn-Yih Su ◽  
John R. Condon
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Matching Method ◽  
Notification Rate ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽  
Testing Data ◽  
Notification Data

Background The study aimed to examine the trends in notification and testing for genital gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) in the Darwin Remote District of Northern Territory, Australia, between 2004 and 2008. Methods: Using laboratory testing data and notification data, we calculated the annual sex- and age-specific notification rates, testing rates and positivity rates, and examined their trends. A deterministic matching method was used to identify unique individuals tested in order to estimate the number of years out of five in which each individual was tested. The correlation between testing rates and notification rates was calculated. Results: The notification rates for the 15–24 year age group increased sharply from 2004 to 2005, and then trended downwards between 2005 and 2008, with a decrease of 48.2% in females and 59.9% in males. No evident trends were found in testing rates. The positivity rates for this age group decreased by 46.3% in females (from 8.9% to 4.8%), and by 70.4% in males (from 10.8% to 3.2%) between 2004 and 2008. Over 76% of the population in this age-group had been tested at least once during the study period. A moderate correlation was found between notification rates and testing rates in both sexes. Conclusions: There was a significant decreasing trend in the notification rate of gonorrhoea between 2005 and 2008, which was most probably due to a decrease in prevalence. This study demonstrates the importance and utility of population-level testing data in understanding the epidemiology of common bacterial sexually transmissible infections such as gonorrhoea.

IL10 Promotorpolymorphismen beeinflussen die Hepatitis B Surface Antigen und die Hepatitis A spezifische Immunantwort

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Reuss ◽  
N Evers ◽  
N Dietrich ◽  
J Vollmar ◽  
PM Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen

Effects of Vancomycin on Platelets, Plasma Proteins and Hepatitis B Surface Antigen

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 083-093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry S Coller ◽  
W. B Lundberg ◽  
Harvey R Gralnick
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Infusion Site ◽  
Vancomycin Therapy ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Doses

SummaryThe antibiotic vancomycin shares many similarities with ristocetin, an agent noted for its effects on platelets and plasma fibrinogen. Vancomycin did not aggregate platelets as ristocetin, but platelets were incorporated into precipitates induced by vancomycin. Fibrinogen and factor VIII were precipitated from plasma at low concentrations of vancomycin. The precipitated fibrinogen remained clottable. Hepatitis B surface antigen was selectively precipitated from serum and could be recovered from the precipitate. Rabbits receiving bolus intravenous injections of high doses of vancomycin developed hypofibrinogenemia and thrombocytopenia within minutes and often went on to die. Studies with 125I-vancomycin revealed little stable binding of the antibiotic to platelets or fibrinogen. A relationship is suggested between the potent protein precipitating effects and phlebitis at the infusion site commonly associated with vancomycin therapy.

SEROPREVALENCE OF HIV AND HBsAg AMONGST BLOOD DONORS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, CHHATTISGARH.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anusha P ◽  
Bankar Nandkishor J ◽  
Karan Jain ◽  
Ramdas Brahmane ◽  
Dhrubha Hari Chandi
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Blood Bank ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

INTRODUCTION: India being the second highly populated nation in the world. HIV/AIDS has acquired pandemic proportion in the world. Estimate by WHO for current infection rate in Asia. India has the third largest HIV epidemic in the world. HIV prevalence in the age group 15-49 yrs was an estimate of 0.2%. India has been classified as an intermediate in the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) endemic (HBsAg carriage 2-7%) zone with the second largest global pool of chronic HBV infections. Safety assessment of the blood supply, the quality of screening measures and the risk of transfusion transmitted infectious diseases (TTIs) in any country can be estimated by scrutinizing the files of blood donors. After the introduction of the blood banks and improved storage facilities, it became more extensively used. Blood is one of the major sources of TTIs like hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, syphilis, and many other blood borne diseases. Disclosure of these threats brought a dramatic change in attitude of physicians and patients about blood transfusion. The objective of this study is to determine the seroprevalence of transfusion transmitted infections amidst voluntary blood donors at a rural tertiary healthcare teaching hospital in Chhattisgarh. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study was carried out in Chandulal Chandrakar Memorial Medical College, Kachandur, Durg. Blood donors were volunteers, or and commercial donors who donated the blood and paid by patients, their families, or friends to replace blood used or expected to be used for patients from the blood bank of the hospital. After proper donation of blood routine screening of blood was carried out according to standard protocol. Laboratory diagnosis of HIV 1 and HIV 2 was carried out by ELISA test. Hepatitis B surface antigen was screened by using ELISA. RESULTS: A total of 1915 consecutive blood donors’ sera were screened at Chandulal Chandrakar Memorial Medical College, blood bank during study period. Of these 1914 were male and 1 female. The mean age of patients was found to be 29.34 years with standard deviation (SD) of 11.65 Years. Among all blood donors in present study, 759(39.63%) were first time donors and 1156(60.37%) were repeated donors. 1 patient was HIV positive in first donation group while 3 (75%) were positive in repeat donation group. 7 (38.9%) were HBsAg positive in in first donation group while 11(61.1%) were positive in repeat donation group. Two patients in first donation group had dual infection of HIV and HBsAg. CONCLUSION: Seropositivity was high in repeated donors as compared to first time donors. The incidence of HIV is observed to be 0.2% and that of HBsAg is 0.94%. Strict selection of blood donors should be done to avoid transfusion-transmissible infections during the window period.

How Far we are towards Eradication of HBV Infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai Voiculescu
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
T Cell Receptors ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Cell Receptors ◽  
B Virus

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health problem with an important biological and a significant socio-economic impact all over the world. There is a high pressure to come up with a new and more efficient strategy against HBV infection, especially after the recent success of HCV treatment. Preventing HBV infection through vaccine is currently the most efficient way to decrease HBV-related cirrhosis and liver cancer incidence, as well as the best way to suppress the HBV reservoir. The vaccine is safe and efficient in 80-95% of cases. One of its most important roles is to reduce materno-fetal transmission, by giving the first dose of vaccine in the first 24 hours after birth. Transmission of HBV infection early in life is still frequent, especially in countries with high endemicity.Successful HBV clearance by the host is immune-mediated, with a complex combined innate and adaptive cellular and humoral immune response. Different factors, such as the quantity and the sequence of HBV epitope during processing by dendritic cells and presenting by different HLA molecules or the polymorphism of T cell receptors (TOL) are part of a complex network which influences the final response. A new potential therapeutic strategy is to restore T-cell antiviral function and to improve innate and adaptive immune response by immunotherapeutic manipulation.It appears that HBV eradication is far from being completed in the next decades, and a new strategy against HBV infection must be considered. Abbreviations: ALT: alanine aminotransferase; APC: antigen presenting cells; cccDNA: covalently closed circular DNA; HBIG: hepatitis B immunoglobulin; HbsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; CTL: cytotoxic T lymphocyte; IFN: interferon; NUC: nucleos(t)ide analogues; pg RNA: pre genomic RNA; TLR: toll-like receptors; TOL: T cell receptors.

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