Zinc buffer capacity of vertisols

Soil Research ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
YP Dang ◽  
RC Dalal ◽  
DG Edwards ◽  
KG Tiller
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Buffer Power ◽  
Mitscherlich Equation ◽  
Soil Zn ◽  
Al And Fe Oxides ◽  
Desorption Capacity

The soil Zn buffer capacity is an important factor that regulates the concentration of plant-available Zn in soil solution. It is measured variously as Zn buffer power, Zn sorption or Zn desorption capacity. This study was conducted to determine Zn buffer power, and Zn sorption capacity and Zn desorption capacity in Vertisols as influenced by soil properties. The Zn buffer power, defined as the slope of the line relating soil solution Zn concentration to DTPA-extractable Zn, varied from 217 to 790. Soil pH was found to be the major soil parameter responsible for the variation in Zn buffer power. The sorption of Zn by these Vertisols was satisfactorily described by the Freundlich equation. The calculated values of the Freundlich parameters were closely related to the soil pH and amorphous Al and Fe content. Desorption of Zn by a series of successive extractions with DTPA was described by the Mitscherlich equation. The calculated values of desorption capacity were negatively correlated with soil pH and positively correlated with the contents of Al and Fe oxides. Work published elsewhere showed that the parameters of both the Zn buffer power and Zn desorption capacity accounted for as much as 62% of the variation in relative yield of wheat from Zn application to Vertisols.

scholarly journals Prediction of zinc deficiency in navy beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) by soil and plant analyses

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 557 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Armour ◽  
AD Robson ◽  
GSP Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Navy Beans ◽  
Glasshouse Experiment ◽  
Zn Status

Navy beans (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Gallaroy) were grown with 7 rates of zinc (Zn) in a Zn-deficient gravelly sandy loam in a glasshouse experiment. The plant shoots were harvested 31 days after sowing and the Zn concentration in each of 4 plant parts (YL, young leaf; YOL, young open leaf; YFEL, youngest fully expanded leaf; and whole shoots) was related to the fresh weight of the shoots. The critical Zn concentrations (mgtkg) in the plant parts determined by the 2 intersecting straight lines model were 21.1 for YL (r2 = 0.66), 17.1 for YOL (r2 = 0.83), 10.6 for YFEL (r2 = 0.91) and 12.5 for the whole tops (r2 = 0.88). The YFEL was selected as an appropriate diagnostic tissue because it is readily identifiable in the field and had the highest 1.2 with fresh weight. In a second glasshouse experiment, the critical Zn concentration in the YFEL and 5 soil tests were evaluated for their ability to predict the Zn status of navy beans. There were 13 soils from sands to clays with a wide range of chemical properties. The soil tests were 0.1 mol/L HCl, DTPA, EDTA, dilute CaCl2 and soil solution Zn. The concentration of Zn in the YFEL correctly predicted Zn deficiency or adequacy in about 77% of samples. The results from both experiments showed that a critical Zn concentration of 10-11 mg/kg in the YFEL can be used to diagnose the Zn status of Gallaroy navy beans. It was not possible to recommend a single soil test for prediction of the relative yield of navy beans. A combination of quantity (HCl, EDTA, DTPA) and intensity (soil solution, 0.002 mol/L CaCl2, 0.01 mol/L CaCl2) parameters were able to explain most of the variation in the Zn concentration of the YFEL, a more sensitive measure of nutrient availability than relative yield. EDTA-Zn in combination with 0.01 mol/L CaCl2-Zn explained 90% of the variation in the Zn concentration in the YFEL, while HCl- or DTPA-Zn and 0.01 mol/L CaCl2 explained about 80% of the variation. As soil solution Zn was significantly correlated with 0.002 and 0.01 mol/L CaCl2-Zn (r = 0.75, P<0.01; r = 0.62, P<0.05, respectively), CaCl2-Zn may be used as a more convenient measure of Zn intensity than soil solution Zn.

Effect of P-buffer capacity and P-retention index of soils on soil test-P, soil test P-calibrations and yield response curvature

Soil Research ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
MDA Bolland ◽  
IR Wilson ◽  
DG Allen
Keyword(s):  
Retention Index ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Sorption Method ◽  
Mitscherlich Equation ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
P Retention

Twenty-three virgin Western Australian soils of different buffer capacities (BC) for phosphorus (P) were collected. The effects of BC on the relationships between Colwell soil test P and the level of P applied, yield and soil test P, and yield and the level of P applied were studied. Wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Reeves), grown for 27 days in a glasshouse, was used. Two methods of measuring P sorption of soils, P buffer capacity (PBC) and P retention index (PRI), were used. The PBC is determined from a multi-point sorption curve. The PRI is a new, diagnostic, one-point, sorption method now widely used for commercial soil P testing in Western Australia. Both PBC and PRI produced similar results. The relationship between soil test P and the level of P applied was adequately described by a linear equation. When the slope coefficient of the linear equations was related to PBC or PRI, there was no relationship. The other two relationships were adequately described by a Mitscherlich equation. When the curvature coefficient of the Mitscherlich equation was related to PBC or PRI, the trend was for the value of the coefficient to decrease with increasing PBC or PRI. Consequently, as the capacity of the soil to sorb P increased the trend was for larger soil test P or higher levels of P application to produce the same yield.

Speciation of cadmium in soil solutions of saline/sodic soils and relationship with cadmium concentrations in potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Soil Research ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. McLaughlin ◽  
K. G. Tiller ◽  
M. K. Smart
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Chloro Complexes ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Saline Solutions

Fifty commercial potato crops and associated soils were sampled. Soil solutions were extracted from rewetted soils by centrifugation, and solution composition was related to Cd concentrations in tubers. Soils were also extracted with 0·01 M Ca(NO3)2 and 0·01 M CaCl2 solutions, and Cd2+ activities in the extracts were calculated by difference using the stability constants for formation of CdCl2-nn species. The soils had saline solutions (>4 dS/m), and Cl- and SO2-4 in solution markedly affected the speciation of Cd in soil solution, with chloro-complexes, in particular, dominating. While low soil pH was associated with high (>25 nM) concentrations of Cd in soil solution, chloro-complexation also led to high concentrations of Cd in solution, even at neutral to alkaline soil pH values. Tuber Cd concentrations were not related to activities of Cd2+ in soil solution or to activities in dilute salt extracts of soil. Tuber Cd concentrations were related to the degree of chloro-complexation of Cd in solution. The relationship of tuber Cd concentrations to chloro-complexation in soil solution suggests that Cd species other than the free Cd2+ ion are involved in the transport through soil and uptake of Cd by plants.

Effects of aluminium and calcium in the soil solution of acid soils on root elongation of Glycine max cv. Forrest

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Bruce ◽  
LA Warrell ◽  
DG Edwards ◽  
LC Bell
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Activity Ratio ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Diagnostic Indices ◽  
Exchangeable Ca

In the course of three experiments, soybean (Glycerine max (L.) Merr.) cv. Forrest was grown in 21 soils (four surface soils and 17 subsoils) amended with liming materials (CaCO3 and Mg CO3) and soluble Ca salts (CaSO4.2H20 and CaCl2.2H2O). In most soils, the soluble salts increased concentrations and activities of Al species in solution to levels that restricted root growth, and MgCO3, induced a Ca limitation to root growth. Root lengths after three days were related to so11 and soil solution attributes.Suitable diagnostic indices for the prediction of Ca limitations to root growth were either Ca saturation of the effective cation exchange capacity or Ca activity ratio of the soil solution, which was defined as the ratio of the activity of Ca to the sum of the activities of Ca, Mg, Na, and K. Values corresponding to 90% relative root length (RRL) of soybean were 0.05 for the Ca activity ratio and 11% for Ca saturation. Calcium activity and Ca concentration in the soil solution and exchangeable Ca were less useful for this purpose.Soil Al saturation was not a good predictor of Al toxicity, but soil solution measurements were. The activities of Al3+ and AlOH2+ gave the best associations with RRL, and values corresponding to 90% RRL were 4 8M and 0.5 8M respectively. The results suggested that Al(OH)3� , Al(OH)2+, and AlSO4+, were not toxic species. Soil solution pH and soil pH measured in water were more sensitive indicators of root growth than soil pH measured in 0.01 M CaCl2.Using a Ca activity ratio of 0.05 and an Al3+ activity of 4 8M as diagnostic indices, none of the 20 soils in two experiments were toxic in Al, while 13 (all subsoils) were deficient in Ca. Thus the first limitation on root growth was Ca deficiency and not Al toxicity, in spite of high Al saturations and relatively low pH in these soils. However, Al toxicity could be induced by increasing the ionic strengths of soil solutions.

COMPARISON OF PARAMETERS OF SOIL PHOSPHATE AVAILABILITY FOR THE NORTHWESTERN CANADIAN PRAIRIE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. K. SOON
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Sorption ◽  
River Region ◽  
Chemical Extractants

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate several P availability parameters using 17 soils from the Peace River region of northwestern Canada. Only one soil was calcareous; the rest were acidic. The extractants tested included alkaline bicarbonate, acidic fluoride and 0.01 M CaCl2 solutions, and an anion exchange resin. Other availability indices evaluated were phosphoric acid potentials, phosphate buffer capacity and single point P sorption indices. The phosphoric acid potentials gave the highest correlation with percent relative yield of barley dry matter obtained after about 7 wk of growth. P sorption indices were not correlated with any crop response index. The phosphate buffer capacity and resin-extractable P performed at least as well as three chemical extractants: Olsen, Kelowna and Miller-Axley (modified) extractants. These three extractions were further evaluated using yield data from 11 field experiments with barley and 10 with rapeseed. There was little to choose from between these three extractants; however, the Kelowna extractant is a multi-element extractant and more convenient to use than the Olsen method. The Kelowna extractant also has a better buffering capacity, thus giving it a slight advantage over the modified Miller-Axley method for calcareous soils. These soil tests are, however, not fully satisfactory. In the greenhouse study, the Kelowna and Olsen methods made two errors and the modified Miller-Axley method three errors in prediction of P fertilizer requirement or non-requirement for the experimental soils. Key words: Soil testing, phosphate potential, chemical extractants, P sorption index, critical level

Potassium reserves in British soils. I. The Rothamsted Classical Experiments

1968 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Talibudeen ◽  
S. K. Dey
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Buffer Capacities ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThirty-four soils from the Rothamsted Experiments were exhaustively cropped with ryegrass in the glasshouse. The concentration and yield of potassium in ryegrass tops and the potassium intensity in the soil were measured every 4 weeks, after harvesting the grass.The change in K-intensity of soils, rich in potassium, with exhaustion differed from that of ‘poor’ soils. This change was related to the rate of change of the cumulative K-yield. The rate of change of soil K-intensity demarcated periods of intense and limited exhaustion and partial recovery of the soil during cropping.The cumulative K-yield of ryegrass was very significantly related to the K-intensity of the uncropped soil; the ‘16-week’ yield was slightly better related than the ‘60-week’ yield. For Park Grass soils, the relationship was improved by allowing for variations in soil pH.The K-intensity of all soils, with or without manuring, decreased to nearly 10-3 (M)½ in (AR)0 units after 16 weeks cropping, although large differences in K-yield persisted until much later.K-buffer capacity per unit clay content of the soil, measured by a laboratory method, was inversely related to the K-intensity of the uncropped soil. The K-buffer capacities of soils rich in potassium, measured in laboratory and glasshouse experiments, were significantly related, but were unrelated for ‘poor’ soils. The K-buffer capacity (laboratory method) of Rothamsted soils with different manurial treatments was only very approximately related to the cumulative K-yield.Less K was taken up from all Rothamsted soils given nitrogen fertilizer in the field and their K intensities were also smaller than the corresponding soils without ‘N’. Field liming of acid soils decreased their K-intensity and increased their K-buffer capacity, presumably because more potassium was removed by the field crop.A rapid method is suggested for measuring potassium intensities of soils.

Chloride, Soil Solution Osmotic Potential, and Soil pH Effects on Nitrification

1986 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 941-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Roseberg ◽  
N. W. Christensen ◽  
T. L. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Ph Effects

Wheat grain-yield response to lime application: relationships with soil pH and aluminium in Western Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Anderson ◽  
Richard Bell
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Soil acidity, or more specifically aluminium (Al) toxicity, is a major soil limitation to growing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the south of Western Australia (SWA). Application of calcium carbonate (lime) is used to correct Al toxicity by increasing soil pH and decreasing soluble soil Al3+. Soil testing using a 0.01 m calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution can measure both soil pH (pHCaCl2) and soil Al (AlCaCl2) for recommending rates of lime application. This study aimed to determine which combination of soil pHCaCl2 or soil AlCaCl2 and sampling depth best explains the wheat grain-yield increase (response) when lime is applied. A database of 31 historical lime experiments was compiled with wheat as the indicator crop. Wheat response to lime application was presented as relative yield percentage (grain yield for the no-lime treatment divided by the highest grain yield achieved for lime treatments × 100). Soil sampling depths were 0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm and various combinations of these depths. For evidence that lime application had altered soil pHCaCl2, we selected the change in the lowest pHCaCl2 value of the three soil layers to a depth of 30 cm as a result of the highest lime application (ΔpHmin). When ΔpHmin &lt;0.3, the lack of grain-yield response to lime suggested that insufficient lime had leached into the 10–30 cm soil layer to remove the soil Al limitation for these observations. Also, under high fallow-season rainfall (228 and 320 mm) and low growing-season rainfall (GSR) (&lt;140 mm), relative yield was lower for the measured level of soil AlCaCl2 than in the other observations. Hence, after excluding observations with ΔpHmin &lt;0.3 or GSR &lt;140 mm (n = 19), soil AlCaCl2 provided a better definition of the relationship between soil test and wheat response (r2 range 0.48–0.74) than did soil pHCaCl2 (highest r2 0.38). The critical value (defined at relative yield = 90%) ranged from 2.5 mg Al kg–1 (for soil Al calculated according to root distribution by depth within the 0–30 cm layer) to 4.5 mg Al kg–1 (calculated from the highest AlCaCl2 value from the three soil layers to 30 cm depth). We conclude that 0.01 m CaCl2 extractable Al in the 0–30 cm layer will give the more accurate definition of the relationship between soil test and wheat response in SWA.

Carbonate chemistry, pH, and physical properties of an alkaline sodic soil as affected by various amendments

Soil Research ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Chorom ◽  
P. Rengasamy
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Carbonate Chemistry ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Mechanical Dispersion ◽  
Effects Of Ph

A greenhouse experiment evaluated the chemical and physical changes of a Natrixeralf (with alkaline pH 9·4 and 5% CaCO3), as influenced by the changes in carbonate chemistry, pH, and particle charge following the application of gypsum, green manure, and glucose. Gypsum reduced the pH from 9·38 to 7·89, increased Ca2+ in soil solution, and decreased the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR1:5) from 11·6 to 1·2. Green manure, due to increased CO2 production, reduced the pH to 8·68 and SAR1:5 to 7·52. Green manure plus gypsum reduced pH to 7·67 and SAR1:5 to 0·91. The interactive effect of gypsum and green manure on all soil properties was highly significant as shown by ANOVA analysis. Reduction of soil pH was also reflected in the levels of carbonates in the soil solution. Addition of glucose increased the microbial activity and produced fatty acids. The drastic reduction in pH (<6·0) was related to the amount of glucose added. The concentrations of Ca 2+ and carbonates, and SAR1:5 values, were inversely related to the soil pH after glucose addition. The data on soluble Na2CO3 and NaHCO3, zeta potential, mechanical dispersion, aggregate stability, and saturated hydraulic conductivity confirm the effects of pH reduction and carbonate solubility as influenced by the amendments in alkaline sodic soil.

Characterization of the Nutrient Buffer Capacity of K, Ca, Mg in Two Hungarian Soils

2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Tibor Filep
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Comparison Of Experiments ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Given

Changes in the K, Ca and Mg contents of the soil solution were examined during the growing period to characterize the nutrient buffer capacity of sandy and clay loam soils in pot experiments set up with Italian ryegrass as indicator plant.  K, Ca and Mg concentrations in the soil solution decreased during the growth due to the nutrient uptake by plants. The normalized values of decrease (expressing the change in the concentration of the given element during unit time) were close to each other for Ca and Mg, while there was a significant difference between the sandy and clay loam soil in the case of K (0.65 and 0.11, respectively). We assumed that the normalized value was inversely proportional to the nutrient buffer capacity of soils.  For the comparison of experiments conducted under different conditions the UPI (uptake index) values were introduced. The UPI value shows to what extent the amount of the given ion calculated from concentration decrease in the soil solution accounts for the amount of element taken up by the plant. The amount of K depleted from the soil solution was 19% of the K amount taken up on the sandy soil, while on the clay loam this value was only 0.8%. Because the UPI values from experiments under different environments are comparable, they characterized the nutrient buffer capacity of soils better than the normalized values of decrease. 

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