Spatial distribution of ignitions in Mediterranean periurban and rural areas: the case of Catalonia

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Badia-Perpinyá ◽  
Montserrat Pallares-Barbera
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Fire Prevention ◽  
Mediterranean Landscape ◽  
External Pressures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sparse Population ◽  
Treatment Subject

Fire prevention requires a specific treatment subject to the innate characteristics of a territory and to the social interaction that takes place there. The present article deals with very different fire behaviors in two neighboring environments, in which unequal ignitory patterns have been identified. The analyzed environments constitute two prototypes of Mediterranean landscape in the region of Catalonia (Spain). The periurban-fire pattern is identified with the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona. The rural-fire pattern is observed in the county of Bages, with a far more sparse population structure. Sample observations were drawn from databases containing a compilation of ignitions occurring in these two environments during the period from 1987 to 1998. Analysis shows that the distribution of ignitions in the more urban areas is much more concentrated, whereas ignitions in rural areas are far more dispersed, and therefore more difficult to detect. The importance of the present article lies in the identification of the factors determining the patterns of development of ignitions in two very different territories, affected by diverse external pressures. Finally, guidelines for preventive policies adapted to these situations are given, taking into account the specific and differentiated characteristics relevant to each case.

Civic Participation and Social Embeddedness: Differences Between Urban and Rural Communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-67
Author(s):  
Tuuli-Marja Kleiner
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Civic Participation ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Social Embeddedness ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multi Level

Does civic participation lead to a large social network? This study claims that high levels of civic participation may obstruct individual social embeddedness. Using survey data from the German Survey on Volunteering (Deutscher Freiwilligensurvey; 1999–2009), this study conducts macro- as well as multi-level regressions to examine the link between civic participation and social embeddedness. Findings reveal that civic participation on the sub-national regional level is not generally associated with social embeddedness, but it affects the participants’ and non-participants’ possibilities for friendships differently. This holds especially true in urban areas, but the effect cannot be found in rural areas. The analysis has implications for further research to enhance the social embeddedness of the excluded.

scholarly journals A Study of the Understated Violence Within Social Contexts Against Adolescent Girls

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Shivangi Nigam ◽  
Niranjana Soperna
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

Violence against women is linked to their disadvantaged position in the society. It is rooted in unequal power relationships between men and women in society and is a global problem which is not limited to a specific group of women in society. An adolescent girl’s life is often accustomed to the likelihood of violence, and acts of violence exert additional power over girls because the stigma of violence often attaches more to a girl than to the  perpetrator. The experience of violence is distressing at the individual emotional and physical level. The field of research and programmes for adolescent girls has traditionally focused on sexuality, reproductive health, and behaviour, neglecting the broader social issues that underpin adolescent girls’ human rights, overall development, health, and well-being. This paper is an endeavour to address the understated or disguised form of violence which the adolescent girls experience within the social contexts. The parameters exposed under this research had been ignored to a large extent when it comes to studying the dimension of violence under the social domain. Hence, the researchers attempted to explore this camouflaged form of violence and discovered some specific parameters such as: Diminished Self Worth and Esteem, Verbal Abuse, Menstruation Taboo and Social Rigidity, Negligence of Medical and Health Facilities and Complexion- A Prime Parameter for Judging Beauty. The study was conducted in the districts of Haryana (India) where personal interviews were taken from both urban and rural adolescent girls (aged 13 to 19 years) based on  a structured interview schedule. The results revealed that the adolescent girls, both in urban as well as rural areas were quite affected with the above mentioned issues. In urban areas, however, due to the higher literacy rate, which resulted in more rational thinking, the magnitude was comparatively smaller, but the difference was still negligible.  

scholarly journals Social Progress Index for Urban and Rural Areas of a Region: Evidence from Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-435
Author(s):  
Maylee Inga-Hancco ◽  
Adamari Indigoyen-Porras ◽  
Sergio Parra-Alarcón ◽  
Juan Cerrón-Aliaga ◽  
Wagner Vicente-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
The Social ◽  
Global Organization ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The present study describes the methodological process proposed by the Social Progress Imperative Global Organization to calculate the Social Progress Index in urban and rural areas of the province of Huancayo, Peru, in 2020. The survey was based on 229 observations regarding basic human needs, foundations of well-being and opportunities. The result produced an index of 56.04 for urban areas and 53.98 for rural areas; results that are in the low and low middle range respectively, identifying deficiencies in the quality of economic policies, with respect to the sanitation service, where more than 30% do not have access to drinking water, and others. It was concluded that the index showed no improvement with respect to 2019, likewise the social gaps still persist and the well-being of the aforementioned population was not increased.

scholarly journals The nutrition transition in Mexico 1988–2016: the role of wealth in the social patterning of obesity by education

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 2394-2401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Pérez-Ferrer ◽  
Anne McMunn ◽  
Paola Zaninotto ◽  
Eric J Brunner
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

AbstractObjectiveThe present study investigates whether the reversal of the social gradient in obesity, defined as a cross-over to higher obesity prevalence among groups with lower education level, has occurred among men and women in urban and rural areas of Mexico.DesignCross-sectional series of nationally representative surveys (1988, 1999, 2006, 2012 and 2016). The association between education and obesity was investigated over the period 1988–2016. Effect modification of the education–obesity association by household wealth was tested.SettingMexico.SubjectsWomen (n 54 816) and men (n 20 589) aged 20–49 years.ResultsIn both urban and rural areas, the association between education and obesity in women varied by level of household wealth in the earlier surveys (1988, 1999 and 2006; interaction P<0·001). In urban areas in 1988, one level lower education was associated (prevalence ratio; 95 % CI) with 45 % higher obesity prevalence among the richest women (1·45; 1·24, 1·69), whereas among the poorest the same education difference was protective (0·84; 0·72, 0·99). In the latest surveys (2012, 2016), higher education was protective across all wealth groups. Among men, education level was not associated with obesity in urban areas; there was a direct association in rural areas. Wealth did not modify the association between education and obesity.ConclusionThe reversal of the educational gradient in obesity among women occurred once a threshold level of household wealth was reached. Among men, there was no evidence of a reversal of the gradient. Policies must not lose sight of the populations most vulnerable to the obesogenic environment.

scholarly journals Design of a Development Index for Spanish Municipalities

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8910
Author(s):  
Ana Nieto Masot ◽  
Gema Cárdenas Alonso ◽  
Ángela Engelmo Moriche
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Diversity ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Variables

Currently, the demographic vacuum and poor development suffered by most areas of Spain are some of the most worrying issues from a territorial point of view, which is why this study is necessary. In this paper, the objective is to create a Development Index with which to study the different realities of rural and urban spaces through demographic and socioeconomic variables of the Spanish municipalities. Principal Component Analysis is carried out, with whose results the index has been prepared. This is then explored with a Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis. The results show that most developed Spanish municipalities and most of the population are concentrated in coastal areas and in the main cities of the country. In opposition, there are interior rural areas with less developed municipalities at risk of disappearance due to their increasing ages and levels of depopulation. Thus, in this paper, new variables and methods are used in the study of the social and economic diversity of rural and urban areas, verifying the inequality that still exists between both.

scholarly journals Development of the Smaller Local Communities in Slovenia Depends on the School as the Socio-Cultural Center

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Janko Mursak ◽  
Jasna Mazgon
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Cultural Center ◽  
Local Schools ◽  
Local Environments ◽  
The Social

The local schools have always been the centers of the cultural and social life of the Slovenian communities. Functioning as a socio-cultural center of the local community, the school greatly surpassed its primary role of providing education to children. The process of urbanization that reached rural areas as well as the secularization of lifestyles brought about very interesting changes to the previously expanded function of local schools. In the research study we conducted in 2014 and 2015 we examined how contemporary schools perceive the need for collaboration and participation in their local environments. The results of qualitative analysis indicate that merging or closing of local schools could have negative demographic and socio-cultural consequences. Furthermore, the analysis has also revealed the underused potential of the localities lacking tradition, such as new urban areas where the school could be the crucial element in the social organization of the local community.

scholarly journals CORRELATION OF SOCIAL CAPITAL AND POVERTY FARMERS IN ACEH

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saifuddin Yunus ◽  
Suadi Zainal ◽  
Fadli Jalil ◽  
Cut Maya Aprita Sari
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose of the study: This study tried to examine the correlation between social capital and the poverty level of farmers in Aceh. It was linked to the uneven agricultural development of some rural areas in Aceh had caused the poverty rates in villages are higher than in the urban areas. Hence the social capital is important as other capitals in development and become the energies for the development and decreases the rate of poverty. Methodology: This research used a quantitative method by distributing the questionnaire to 300 respondents in Aceh Tamiang, Pidie Jaya and Aceh Tengah, Indonesia. The data analyzed by using the Spearman correlation with the assistance of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences to determining the relationship between two variables; social capital and poverty in farmers. Main Findings: This study found that there is a positive and significant correlation between social capital and the level of poverty. Famers who have a higher stock of social capital are found to be lower in the poverty rate. Applications of this study: The finding of this study is useful for the government of the Aceh government to explore and strengthen farmers' social capital to empowering their economies. It would be relevant to decreasing the poverty rate according to farmers in Aceh. Novelty/Originality of this study: The case of poverty in Aceh was widely explained by the numbers of the researcher. But there is no recent publication that has explained the relationship between poverty and social capital in Aceh. Therefore a strong level of social capital will be able to significantly reduce poverty in Aceh.

scholarly journals Knowledge and attitudes of Subcarpathian Province's inhabitants towards organ transplantation

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Moskal-Szybka ◽  
Justyna Borek
Keyword(s):  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Willingness To Donate ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

AbstractIntroduction. Transplantation (from Latin transplantare – transplant and plantare – plant), also called organ transplantation, is a safe, effective, and in some cases the only available treatment method giving hope for recovery for patients with end-stage organ failure (such as failure of heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, pancreas). It involves replacement of a diseased organ or tissue with healthy one obtained from another person. It is a specific treatment that requires social acceptance. Despite the efforts being made by the Polish transplantation community, low public awareness and lack of knowledge on organ donation are still significant barriers to the development of transplantation program in Poland [1].Objective. Recognition of knowledge and attitudes of Subcarpathian Province’s inhabitants towards organ transplantation.Material and methods. The survey conducted in 2018 included 187 inhabitants of urban and rural areas of the Subcarpathian Province with non-medical background. A method of diagnostic survey with a questionnaire was used. The research tool was a proprietary questionnaire containing mostly single-choice questions. The questions in the survey were closed-ended.Results and conclusons. The level of knowledge of most respondents (56.9% of the respondents from urban areas and 57.4% of the respondents from rural areas) was moderate. High level of knowledge was presented by fewer respondents: 34.7% of those from urban areas and 31.3% of those from rural areas. Low level of knowledge was reported by 8.3% and 11.3% of the respondents from urban and rural areas, respectively. No significant differences in knowledge of organ transplantation were seen between the respondents from urban and rural areas. The results of this research show insufficient knowledge concerning organ transplantation in the surveyed population. Most respondents declare their willingness to donate organs when needed. Both our research presented in this paper and reports by other authors suggest the need for educating the public in order to encourage broad social acceptance for transplant medicine.

scholarly journals Society and Taxes: An Exploratory Study of Fiscal Psychology

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 00004
Author(s):  
Ika Rahma Susilawati ◽  
Rahmat Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Extensive Discussion ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

This study aims to obtain the social representation of Indonesian society about taxes, especially those originating from the suburban and rural areas. Our previous study reported results that more people are representing those who live in urban areas and have higher digital literacy skills. Therefore, this study was conducted to broaden society's representative. Data was retrieved by direct social interaction to the people who are in public areas like traditional markets, rural areas, terminals, train stations, and small and medium enterprises around the campus area. A total of 121 respondents participated in this study. The analysis reveals the finding of 27 categories in terms of the social representation of tax. Among these categories, the highest frequency of occurrence is in the obligation categorization. Later, followed by categories of public interest, burdens, necessary, and corruption. In general, most respondents associate taxes with obligations. They acknowledge the importance of tax in an ideal, normative, and constitutional way. Under those circumstances, it heads them to comply with the tax rules. This reinforces the reasons why they tend to be more tax- compliant. However, tax is also associated with financial and non-financial burdens. The widespread practice of corruption or misuse of tax money further diminishes people's trust towards the government. This becomes a potential factor in progressively reducing individual tax compliance. A more extensive discussion is presented in the discussion.

scholarly journals FENOMENA NOMOPHOBIA PADA ANAK USIA DINI BERDASARKAN TIPOLOGI WILAYAH DAN HUBUNGANNYA TERHADAP PERILAKU PROSOSIAL DAN ANTISOSIAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 91-107
Author(s):  
Dian Novita ◽  
Kenty Martiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
T Test ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi fenomena nomophobia pada anak usia dini di wilayah perdesaan dan perkotaan, menganalisis perbedaan perilaku nomophobia dan perilaku sosial antara kedua wilayah, serta menganalisis hubungan perilaku nomophobia terhadap perilaku sosial. Penelitian ini dilakukan di dua wilayah yaitu di Kabupaten Kuningan (representatif wilayah perdesaan) dan Kota Depok (representatif wilayah perkotaan) dengan responden masing-masing sebanyak 50 orang, sehingga total responden adalah 100 orang. Data yang dikumpulkan dari penelitian ini adalah perilaku nomophobia yang menggunakan instrumen NMP-Q (Yildirim,2015) dan perilaku sosial diukur berdasarkan dimensi yang dikembangkan oleh Hurlock (1978) yang terdiri atas perilaku prososial dan antisosial. Melalui uji independent sample t-test, hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan pada perilaku nomophobia antara wilayah perdesaan dan perkotaan. Skor rata-rata perilaku nomophobia di perdesaan adalah 35,61 sedangkan di perkotaan adalah 35,72 yang termasuk kategori rendah. Perilaku sosial di kedua wilayah sebagian besar menunjukkan kategori tinggi (64%) dan tidak ada perbedaan perilaku sosial secara umum baik di perdesaan maupun perkotaan. Hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan signifikan antara perilaku nomophobia dan perilaku sosial namun koefisien korelasi negatif yaitu -0,085 menjadi indikasi bahwa semakin tinggi perilaku nomophobia maka akan semakin rendah perilaku sosial anak usia dini. Hal ini perlu mendapat perhatian bersama, mengingat dampak buruk yang dapat ditimbulkan dari adanya fenomena nomophobia terutama pada anak usia dini. Kata Kunci: anak usia dini, nomophobia, perilaku sosial   Nomophobia Phenomenons in Early Childhood based on Regional Typology and       Its Relationship to Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviors Abstract This study aims to identify the phenomenon of nomophobia in early childhood in rural and urban areas, to analyze differences in nomophobic behavior and social behavior between the two regions and to analyze the relationship between nomophobic behavior and social behavior. This research was conducted in two areas, namely Kuningan District (rural area representative) and Depok City (urban area representative) with 50 respondents each, so that the total number of respondents was 100 people. The data collected from this study were nomophobic behavior using the NMP-Q instrument (Yildirim, 2015) and social behavior was measured based on the dimensions developed by Hurlock (1978) which consisted of prosocial and antisocial behavior. Through the independent samples t-test, it was found that the results of the study showed no significant difference in nomophobic behavior between rural and urban areas. The average score of nomophobic behavior in rural areas is 35,61, while in urban areas it is 35,72 which is in the low category. Most of the social behavior in the two regions shows the high category (64%) and there is no difference in social behavior in general, both in rural and urban areas. The results of the correlation test showed that there was no significant relationship between nomophobic behavior and social behavior, but the negative correlation coefficient, namely -0,085, is an indication that the higher the nomophobic behavior, the lower the social behavior of early childhood. This needs mutual attention, considering the bad effects that can be caused by the phenomenon of nomophobia, especially in early childhood. Keywords : early childhood, nomophobia, social behavior

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document