Exploring language choice and identity construction in ‘in-between’ sites

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Rubino ◽  
Kenneth Cruickshank
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
Language Choice ◽  
Language And Identity ◽  
Ethnic Media ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
Language Alternation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Micro Level

Australian research on immigrant languages has paid little attention to interactional approaches to language alternation as identity construction, and sites other than the family and the mainstream school. We argue for the need of studies that take into account a wider range of sites, in particular ‘community’ sites, and adopt fine-grained approaches through micro-level data, to provide more linguistic evidence and support for findings identified using other strategies. Drawing on micro-sociolinguistic research conducted in Australia in the ethnic media and the community languages schools, we show how in these ‘in-between’ sites (Tsolidis & Kostogriz, 2008) language choice is often a matter of negotiation, and the issues of language use and identity tend to be foregrounded. We also address the questions of why these sites have been less researched and the value of findings from them in terms of language and identity research in multilingual contexts.

Decolonization Immigrations and the Social Origins of the Second Generation: The Case of North Africans in France

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1169-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Alba ◽  
Roxane Silberman
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Distinction ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Rough Cut

Immigrations resulting from decolonization challenge the ability of researchers to track accurately the incorporation of the second generation through classifications based on country of origin. This article considers a classic example of such an immigration - from North Africa to France at the time of and after the independence of Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. This immigration was ethnically complex, composed - to take a rough cut - of the former colonists of European background (the pieds noirs) and low-wage laborers belonging to the indigenous population (the Maghrebins). A historical review indicates that the key to distinguishing these two groups lies in the exact citizenship status of the immigrants, for the former colonists were French by birth and the others generally were not. Analyzing micro-level data from the censuses of 1968, 1975, 1982, and 1990, we apply this distinction to the family origins of the second generation, born in France in the period 1958–1990. We show that the pied-noir population exhibits signs of rapid integration with the native French, while the Maghrebin population remains apart. A logistic regression analysis reveals that, based on a few characteristics of their parents, one can distinguish the Maghrebin from the pied-noir second generations with a high degree of accuracy. This finding demonstrates the sharp social distinction between the two groups and suggests a method for future research on their incorporation.

ARE TAX CUTS EFFECTIVE EVEN IN ANTICIPATION OF A FUTURE TAX INCREASE? EVIDENCE FROM JAPAN'S UNIQUE EPISODES IN THE 1990S

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (02) ◽  
pp. 167-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASAHIRO HORI ◽  
SATOSHI SHIMIZUTANI
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Rate Increase ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Ricardian Equivalence ◽  
Consumption Tax ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Family ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Tax Cuts

This paper empirically investigates the effects of the 1995 and 1996 tax cuts in Japan. Both tax cuts were introduced to compensate consumers for an impending consumption tax rate increase from 3% to 5% in 1997. We use micro-level data of the Family Income and Expenditure Survey to evaluate effects of these tax cuts on household consumption, focusing on the differences between the two episodes. Our estimates indicate that the Ricardian equivalence largely holds. Only the 1995 tax cut distinctly stimulated consumption on its impact, while the 1996 tax cut had almost no effect on the consumption, presumably because it was implemented much closer to the coming tax increase.

Shared genetic architecture across psychiatric disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Grotzinger
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Symptom Level ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
Genetic Signal ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Shared Genetic

Abstract Psychiatric disorders overlap substantially at the genetic level, with family-based methods long pointing toward transdiagnostic risk pathways. Psychiatric genomics has progressed rapidly in the last decade, shedding light on the biological makeup of cross-disorder risk at multiple levels of analysis. Over a hundred genetic variants have been identified that affect multiple disorders, with many more to be uncovered as sample sizes continue to grow. Cross-disorder mechanistic studies build on these findings to cluster transdiagnostic variants into meaningful categories, including in what tissues or when in development these variants are expressed. At the upper-most level, methods have been developed to estimate the overall shared genetic signal across pairs of traits (i.e. single-nucleotide polymorphism-based genetic correlations) and subsequently model these relationships to identify overarching, genomic risk factors. These factors can subsequently be associated with external traits (e.g. functional imaging phenotypes) to begin to understand the makeup of these transdiagnostic risk factors. As psychiatric genomic efforts continue to expand, we can begin to gain even greater insight by including more fine-grained phenotypes (i.e. symptom-level data) and explicitly considering the environment. The culmination of these efforts will help to inform bottom-up revisions of our current nosology.

scholarly journals Active versus passive academic networking: evidence from micro-level data

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev K. Goel ◽  
Christoph Grimpe
Keyword(s):  
Level Data ◽  
Micro Level

Segregation, Integration, and Death: Evidence from the Korean War

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Connor Huff ◽  
Robert Schub
Keyword(s):  
Korean War ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Military Units ◽  
Null Finding

Abstract How does the design of military institutions affect who bears the costs of war? We answer this question by studying the transformative shift from segregated to integrated US military units during the Korean War. Combining new micro-level data on combat fatalities with archival data on the deployment and racial composition of military battalions, we show that Black and white soldiers died at similar rates under segregation. Qualitative and quantitative evidence provides one potential explanation for this counterintuitive null finding: acute battlefield concerns necessitated deploying military units wherever soldiers were needed, regardless of their race. We next argue that the mid-war racial integration of units, which tied the fates of soldiers more closely together, should not alter the relative fatality rates. The evidence is consistent with this expectation. Finally, while aggregate fatality rates were equal across races, segregation enabled short-term casualty discrepancies. Under segregation there were high casualty periods for white units followed by high casualty periods for Black units. Integration eliminated this variability. This research note highlights how enshrining segregationist policies within militaries creates permissive conditions for either commanders' choices, or the dictates and variability of conflict, to shape who bears war's costs.

scholarly journals GENDER AND INTERGENERATIONAL LANGUAGE TRANSMISSION AMONG BISAYA ETHNIC STUDENTS IN BEAUFORT, SABAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (35) ◽  
pp. 107-124
Author(s):  
Md. Roslan Suhailin ◽  
Arba’ie Sujud
Keyword(s):  
Language Choice ◽  
Transmission Factor ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Language Endangerment ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Family ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Ethnic Students ◽  
Language Transmission

This study aimed to determine the use of language in the family domain and the intergenerational language transmission among Bisaya ethnic students by gender. Researchers selected 205 participants in form 4, 5, and 6 from 3 secondary schools in Beaufort, Sabah, of which 115 girls and 90 boys. A field survey was conducted using two types of questionnaires adapted from Drummond (2010) and Fishman (1991). Survey data made use of percentage, mean, graded scale, and chi-square statistics. It was found that the choice of language in the family domain from both groups of students was 25% Bisaya language, Malay 75%. The mean 20.01 for language choice in the family domain by the girl group was higher than those of the boy group, 19.98. The level of intergenerational language transmission between parents and children selected by both groups of students was Grade 3, Endangered. About 51.06% from the boy group and 60.9% from the girl group had selected this scale. Grade 3, Endangered is interpreted as the Bisaya language is used by most generations of parents and above. Parents can still speak the language to their children, but their children usually do not respond to Bisaya. The researchers accepted the null hypothesis that there was no significant difference in intergenerational language transmission based on gender. The intergenerational language transmission factor is a major cause of language endangerment. This factor was founded by Fishman (1991) which has been recognized as the gold standard of language vitality by the UNESCO language expert group.

scholarly journals A Bridge to Portugal: Language and Identity in Bridgeport, CT

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-140
Author(s):  
Fabio Scetti
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
American English ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Language And Identity ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Status

Here I present the results of BridgePORT, an ethnographic study I carried out in 2018 within the Portuguese community of Bridgeport, CT (USA). I describe language use and representation among Portuguese speakers within the community, and I investigate the integration of these speakers into the dominant American English speech community. Through my fieldwork, I observe mixing practices in day-to-day interaction, while I also consider the evolution of the Portuguese language in light of language contact and speakers’ discourse as this relates to ideologies about the status of Portuguese within the community. My findings rely on questionnaires, participant observation of verbal interaction, and semi-structured interviews. My aim is to show how verbal practice shapes the process of identity construction and how ideas of linguistic “purity” mediate the maintenance of a link to Portugal and Portuguese identity.

scholarly journals Language Choice Used by Chinese Family in Langsa

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Yusmawati Yusmawati ◽  
Cut Intan Lestari ◽  
Nurul Hidayah
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Language Choice ◽  
Social Condition ◽  
Chinese Family ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Chinese Families ◽  
Language Selection ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Town

The research aims at identifying the language choice used by Chinese family in Langsa, the phenomenon that has long been seen in Chinese families: having tendency to choose Indonesian as the second language in their families even though they live in the Aceh region. This phenomenon is not only seen in the town but also in urban areas. The emergence of language selection is caused by the occurrence of language, social condition, and cultural tradition. The interesting thing to look at and study in connection with this phenomenon is that members in the family are from the Chinese ethnic group and speakers of native Chinese but the language used to communicate with the community in the chosen environment is Indonesian. The focus of this research is to analyze language selection Indonesia in a Chinese family in Langsa. The research is executed by means of descriptive qualitative method supported by the technique of interview to get deep information about the language choice.

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