scholarly journals GENDER AND INTERGENERATIONAL LANGUAGE TRANSMISSION AMONG BISAYA ETHNIC STUDENTS IN BEAUFORT, SABAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (35) ◽  
pp. 107-124
Author(s):  
Md. Roslan Suhailin ◽  
Arba’ie Sujud
Keyword(s):  
Language Choice ◽  
Transmission Factor ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Language Endangerment ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Family ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Ethnic Students ◽  
Language Transmission

This study aimed to determine the use of language in the family domain and the intergenerational language transmission among Bisaya ethnic students by gender. Researchers selected 205 participants in form 4, 5, and 6 from 3 secondary schools in Beaufort, Sabah, of which 115 girls and 90 boys. A field survey was conducted using two types of questionnaires adapted from Drummond (2010) and Fishman (1991). Survey data made use of percentage, mean, graded scale, and chi-square statistics. It was found that the choice of language in the family domain from both groups of students was 25% Bisaya language, Malay 75%. The mean 20.01 for language choice in the family domain by the girl group was higher than those of the boy group, 19.98. The level of intergenerational language transmission between parents and children selected by both groups of students was Grade 3, Endangered. About 51.06% from the boy group and 60.9% from the girl group had selected this scale. Grade 3, Endangered is interpreted as the Bisaya language is used by most generations of parents and above. Parents can still speak the language to their children, but their children usually do not respond to Bisaya. The researchers accepted the null hypothesis that there was no significant difference in intergenerational language transmission based on gender. The intergenerational language transmission factor is a major cause of language endangerment. This factor was founded by Fishman (1991) which has been recognized as the gold standard of language vitality by the UNESCO language expert group.

scholarly journals Para-Aortic Nodal Radiation in the Definitive Management of Node-Positive Cervical Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason C. Sanders ◽  
Donald A. Muller ◽  
Sunil W. Dutta ◽  
Taylor J. Corriher ◽  
Kari L. Ring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Node Positive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Severe Grade

ObjectivesTo investigate the safety and outcomes of elective para-aortic (PA) nodal irradiation utilizing modern treatment techniques for patients with node positive cervical cancer.MethodsPatients with pelvic lymph node positive cervical cancer who received radiation were included. All patients received radiation therapy (RT) to either a traditional pelvic field or an extended field to electively cover the PA nodes. Factors associated with survival were identified using a Cox proportional hazards model, and toxicities between groups were compared with a chi-square test.Results96 patients were identified with a mean follow up of 40 months. The incidence of acute grade ≥ 2 toxicity was 31% in the elective PA nodal RT group and 15% in the pelvic field group (Chi-square p = 0.067. There was no significant difference in rates of grade ≥ 3 acute or late toxicities between the two groups (p>0.05). The KM estimated 5-year OS was not statistically different for those receiving elective PA nodal irradiation compared to a pelvic only field, 54% vs. 73% respectively (log-rank p = 0.11).ConclusionsElective PA nodal RT can safely be delivered utilizing modern planning techniques without a significant increase in severe (grade ≥ 3) acute or late toxicities, at the cost of a possible small increase in non-severe (grade 2) acute toxicities. In this series there was no survival benefit observed with the receipt of elective PA nodal RT, however, this benefit may have been obscured by the higher risk features of this population. While prospective randomized trials utilizing a risk adapted approach to elective PA nodal coverage are the only way to fully evaluate the benefit of elective PA nodal coverage, these trials are unlikely to be performed and instead we must rely on interpretation of results of risk adapted approaches like those used in ongoing clinical trials and retrospective data.

scholarly journals Family Planning Methods and Practices Adopted by Married Women in Anambra

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 182-189
Author(s):  
Alagbu C. E. ◽  
Iloghalu, A. N. ◽  
Nnaemezie, N. O
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Family ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Wide Issue ◽  
Family Planning Methods

Introduction: Family planning is a world-wide issue in reproductive health which tends to affect individuals of every tribe or race, irrespective of age, religion or educational level. This study investigated the family planning methods and practices adopted by married women in Anambra State. Methods: Three research questions were formulated to guide the study and two null hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. The design for the study was descriptive survey. The study has a population of 133, 736 married women in Onitsha, Nnewi and Awka who were registered under the population commission of Anambra State as at August, 2019. A sample of 420 married women was involved in the study. The instrument titled “Questionnaire Family planning methods and practices adopted by married women in Anambra State was used for collection of data. The data collected was analyzed using Frequency and Percentage and Chi Square. Results: The findings indicated that greater percentage of married women in Anambra State is aware of family planning but practicing it was the major problem. There were no significant difference in the family planning methods adopted by married women in Anambra State based on their ages and parity level. Conclusion: Based on the findings and their implications, it was recommended among others, that there is need for there is need to create more awareness or sensitization on other methods of family planning which the women might not know. Key words: Family planning, reproductive health, married women, Anambra

scholarly journals The parasitism of Ixodes luciae (Acari: Ixodidae) on marsupials and rodents in Peruvian Amazon

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 997-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Mónica Díaz ◽  
Santiago Nava ◽  
Alberto Alejandro Guglielmone
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Adult Tick ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tick Distribution

In this work the infestation with I. luciae on Didelphimorphia and Rodentia in different environments of Peruvian Amazon was studied. Didelphimorphia was represented by the family Didelphidae. Specimens belonging to Caluromys lanatus, Didelphis marsupialis, Marmosops sp.2, Metachirus nudicaudatus, Philander andersoni and Philander opossum were infested with adults I. luciae and one Micoureus sp. was infested with larvae. In Rodentia, the infestation with I. luciae nymphs was restricted to Hylaeamys perenensis, Hylaeamys yunganus and Oligoryzomys microtis, while one Oecomys bicolor (all Cricetidae) was infested with larvae of this species. The few larvae were found on rodents captured in primary forest. The only significant difference (P < 0.05) in prevalence of adult ticks on Didelphimorphia was between P. andersoni and M. nudicaudatus (chi-square distribution). Adult tick distribution was significant different in P. andersoni in comparison with M. nudicaudatus, P. opossum and D. marsupialis (Kruskal-Wallis test). No significant effect of month or environment was detected in relation to adult tick infestation on Didelphimorphia. The prevalence of nymphal infestation as well as tick distribution showed that H. perenensis and H. yunganus were significantly more prone to be infested with nymphs of I. luciae than O. microtis. Prevalence of nymph infestation was higher in primary and secondary forest than rural areas while abundance was higher in secondary forest when compared with rural areas (P < 0.05). Kruskal-Wallis test showed differences (P < 0.05) for nymphal infestation during December in relation to January, March, April and June. The natural cycle of I. luciae appeared to be continuous, bound to adult tick infestation on Philander and nymphal infestation on Hylaeamys in forested environs.

scholarly journals The effect of informing mothers on level of anxiety in day surgery of children

2016 ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Aysun Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Surgery ◽  
Day Surgery ◽  
Medical Faculty ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Family ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Objective:The aim of the study is to examine the effect of informing mothers before operations on the level of anxiety in day surgeries of children.Materials and Methods: The study was an intervention type and was carried out in the departments of otolaryngology and pediatric surgery in Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty Hospital and in the department of pediatric surgery in Afyon Kocatepe University Medical Faculty Hospital. A total of 100 mothers, 50 of whom were control group and the other 50 were case group, were sampled randomly. The data were collected via the “Family and Child Introductory Information Form” and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) which was developed by Spielberger et al.(1966) and translated and adapted into Turkish by Oner and Lecompte (1983). The data were evaluated via the IBM SPSS 13.00 statistical packaged software. The Analysis of Variance, Chi-Square, Student’s t-test and Posthoc Turkey HSD were used to carry out analyses.Results:The groups’ average STAI scores were compared before the surgery. The average SAI score of the control group before the surgery was 46.34±4.20, and that of the case group was 41.72±4.14. Therefore, there was a significant difference between the two groups (p< 0.05). When the average TAI scores before the surgery were compared, it was found that the average TAI score of the control group was 43.44±4.14 and that of the case group was 41.98±4.34. Therefore, there was no difference between the two groups (p> 0.05).The groups’ average STAI scores were compared after the surgery. The average SAI score of the control group after the surgery was 42.08±5.60, and that of the case group was 40.10±4.16. Therefore, there was no difference between the two groups (p> 0.05). When the average TAI scores before the surgery were compared, it was found that the average TAI score of the control group was 42.32±4.12 and that of the case group was 41.20±5.06. Therefore, there was no difference between the two groups (p> 0.05).Conclusion and Recommendations: It was found that the anxiety levels of the mothers of children who visited the hospital to undergo an ambulatory day surgery was high; however, it was also found that the informing made before the surgery had a positive effect on decreasing the anxiety. Therefore, it should not be forgotten that the nursing care and informing done in accordance with ethical principles have a major contribution to nurses’ professionalization and self-realization. Key words:Anxiety, day surgery, children, mothers

scholarly journals The impact of the educational level of the family on the lifestyle of children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
Nazim Myrtaj ◽  
Mimoza Moza Shkodra ◽  
Eglantina Bilalli ◽  
Arben Maliqi ◽  
Blerim Sylejmani
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Survey Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

The lifestyle of children is most affected by the family, which is defined as a basic social community based on the common life of a close circle of blood relatives, usually parents and children, in which biological-reproductive, economic and education functions are combined. The purpose of the research is to confirm the impact of the educational level of parents on the lifestyle of their children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research included 110 students of both genders from SHMT “Mehmet Isai” and SHMAT “Arbëria” in Gjilan divided into two groups of 55 students, according to the educational level of their parents. The lifestyle survey included 8 questions on physical activity, daily cigarette consumption, alcohol, drug use, eating habits and sleep before and during COVID -19 pandemic. To verify the difference between the groups, the Chi-square test (χ² test) was applied. Survey analysis shows that children of parents with higher educational level have more knowledge about the role of physical activity and spend more time on physical activity, consume less cigarettes and alcohol and more regular eating and sleeping habits at the level p<0.00. We can conclude that the educational level of the parents has a significant impact on the motivation of children to engage in physical activity, reducing the consumption of cigarettes and alcohol, for sleep and regular nutrition. 

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN POLA ASUH ORANG TUA DENGAN PERILAKU ANAK KELAS 3 SDN MALANGJIWAN KECAMATAN COLOMADU KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang Dwi Ningsih ◽  
Agnes Rivanti
Keyword(s):  
Child Behavior ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Family Influence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
The Family ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Questionnaire Method ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Parenting parents against children is the interaction between children and parents during the conduct of activities nurture, educate, guide and discipline and protecting the child to reach maturity in accordance with the norms prevailing in society. Family influence in the formation and development of the child's personality is very large because the family is the first social group where children can interact, where children learn and express themselves as social beings.Purpose of the study: was to determine the relationship between parenting parents with a child's behavior.Subjects: were 31 children grade 3 SDN Malangjiwan Colomadu. The sampling technique used is saturated sampling where all subjects are used as the sample. The datas are collected by questionnaire method for a variable pattern of parenting and child behavior, the data were analyzed with Chi Square test. The results were obtained for 0,032 there for p <0.05.Conclusion: of this research is there is a relationship between parenting parents with a child's behavior grade 3 SDN malangjiwan Colomadu.            Keywords: Parenting, child behavior

scholarly journals Tidak Ada Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Kemandirian Personal Hygiene Anak Usia Prasekolah

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (03) ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
Reni Herlinda
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Psychosocial Needs ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Behavior

Introduction: The independence of preschool age children is a skill to carry out their own activities. The independence of a child can be well if the family can be tried properly. One of the benefits of the family that influences the character and behavior of children in terms of child independence is an efficient family function which includes family responses to the fulfillment of psychosocial needs, the main ones being the formation of human character, personality stability, and behavior, and the ability to carry out closer bonds and values. self. Methods: The research design used in this study is a descriptive cross-sectional correlation design. The population in this study were all parents and children aged 4-6 years in PAUD At-Taqwa Tugu Utara Cisara Bogor. The number of samples is 50 people. The sampling technique used is total sampling. The research instrument used a questionnaire. In this study, the analysis used the Chi Square test. Results: There are 45 respondents who have optimal family support and 4 respondents with nonoptimal family support. Of the 45 respondents with optimal family support, 43 respondents had poor personal hygiene and 2 respondents had good personal hygiene, while from 5 respondents with inadequate family support, 4 respondents had good personal hygiene and 1 respondent had poor personal hygiene Good (Pvalue 0.276). Discussion: There is no relationship between family support and children's personal hygiene independence.

Abstract TP432: Ventriculostomy Placement Improves Outcome in Hunt and Hess Grade 3-5 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients Irrespective of Hydrocephalus

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazli Janjua ◽  
Kessarin Panichpisal ◽  
Karen Tse-Chang ◽  
Kimberly Jones ◽  
Debbie Keasler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
External Ventricular Drain ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Diversion ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Firm Data ◽  
Grade 3

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid diversion may be necessary in the acute period after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) if patients develop hydrocephalus. Though there is an opinion that certain ‘severe grade’ patients, e.g. Hunt and Hess (HH) grades 3-5, should have external ventricular drain (EVD) placement, regardless of hydrocephalus, there is no firm data, leaving the decision up to the judgement of the evaluating clinical team. Objective: We sought to measure changes in HH grades among grade 3-5 patients based on whether or not they had EVD placement. Methods: We prospectively collect demographic, clinical, and radiographic data on our SAH patients since January 2014. We selected HH grades 3-5 patients and compared admission and discharge HH grades among groups of patients who underwent EVD placement or surgical decompression within the first 24 hours and those who did not, using chi square test. Results: Among 54 total patients, there were 37 grades 3-5 patients (HH 3, n=26, 70.3%; HH 4, n=5, 13.5%; HH 5, n=6, 16.2%) in two groups: no EVD, n=22 (59.5%) and EVD, n=14 (37.8%, data unavailable for 1 patient). At discharge HH grades were: HH 1, n=10 (27%); HH 2, n=1 (2.7%); HH 3, n=10 (27%); HH 4, n=3 (8.1%); HH 5, n=1 (2.7%); dead, n=11 (29.7%); missing data, n=1. Mean age of 37 HH 3-5 patients was 58 years with no significant difference between the 2 groups. Hydrocephalus was seen in 11 of the 22 no EVD group and 13 of the 14 EVD group, p=0.007. Improvement in HH score between admission and discharge was seen in 10/14 EVD group, compared with 5/22 of the no EVD group, p=0.010. Worsening of HH score was found in 8/17 no EVD group (5 HH grade 5 patients excluded from this analysis), and 1 HH 4 patient (out of 14) in the EVD group, p=.014. Mortality occurred in 11/22 of the no EVD group (HH 3=5; HH 4-5=6) and 1/14 of the EVD group (HH 4, p=0.007). Conclusion: While the presence of hydrocephalus could potentially be a determinant in the decision to place EVDs among HH grades 3-5 patients, clinical change in patients who did not have an EVD placed occurred independently of hydrocephalus. Improvement of HH grade was more frequent, while its worsening was less common, among patients who underwent EVD or surgery within the first 24 hours. Mortality of HH grade 3 patients may also be impacted with EVD placement.

scholarly journals Associations ofLIG4andHSPB1Genetic Polymorphisms with Risk of Radiation-Induced Lung Injury in Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Radiotherapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Feng Xu ◽  
Ji-Chang Han ◽  
Ya-Jun Zhang ◽  
Yi-Jie Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Chun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Grade 3

Objective.This study aims to explore the correlations of genetic polymorphisms inLIG4andHSPB1genes with the radiation-induced lung injury (RILI), especially radiation pneumonitis (RP), in lung cancer patients.Methods.A total of 160 lung cancer patients, who were diagnosed with inoperable lung cancer and received radiotherapy, were included in the present study from September 2009 to December 2011. TaqMan Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR) was used to verify the SNPs ofLIG4andHSPB1genes. Chi-square criterion was used to compare the differences in demographic characteristics, exposure to risk factors, and SNPs genotypes. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated by logistic regression analysis. All statistical analyses were conducted in SPSS 18.0.Results.A total of 32 (20.0%) lung cancer patients had RP after receiving radiotherapy. Of the 32 cases, 4 cases were of grade 2, 24 cases were of grade 3, and 4 cases were of grade 4. However, our results indicated that the general condition and treatment of all patients had no significant difference with RP risk(P>0.05). Meanwhile, our results revealed that there was no significant association between the frequencies ofLIG4 rs1805388andHSPB1 rs2868371genotype distribution and the risk of RP(P>0.05).Conclusion.In conclusion, we demonstrated that the genetic polymorphisms inLIG4 rs1805388andHSPB1 rs2868371were not obviously correlated with the risk of RP and RILI of lung cancer.

scholarly journals Effect of Family-Centered Empowerment Model on the Care Burden of the Caregivers of Older Adults with Heart Failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-284
Author(s):  
Sedighe Jafari-Diziche ◽  
◽  
Fateme-Sadat Izadi-Avanji ◽  
Fateme Atoof ◽  
Seyed-Majid Derakhshandeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Care Burden ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Family ◽  
Empowerment Model ◽  
Family Centered

Background: Developing a chronic disease, like heart failure in older adults disrupts the foundations of the family and imposes a heavy burden on family members. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the Family-Centered Empowerment Model (FCEM) on the care burden of family caregivers of older adults with heart failure. Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study with a controlled before and after design, which was conducted on 80 primary caregivers of older adults with heart failure referring to health centers affiliated with Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. The subjects were non-randomly assigned to either the control (n=40) or intervention (n=40) groups. The program was implemented based on the concepts of the model (perceived threat, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and evaluation) in eight 2-hour sessions, twice a week for four consecutive weeks. Both groups answered the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) in the beginning, in the end, and one month after the study. The data were analyzed by Chi-square, t-test, and the repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS v. 16 software. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the pretest mean score of care burden (P>0.05). However, the groups’ mean score of care burden was significantly different immediately after the intervention (P<0.05) and one month after the study (P<0.05). The repeated measures ANOVA illustrated a significant difference between the mean scores of care burden in the three measurement time points (P<0.0001). Conclusion: Implementation of the FCEM model reduces the burden of care in caregivers of older adults with heart failure. It is suggested that this model be used in training programs for older adults with heart failure and their caregivers.

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