Intersubjectification and clause periphery

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Closs Traugott
Keyword(s):  
Left Periphery ◽  
Discourse Coherence ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
History Of ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Using Data

Ways of identifying subjectification and especially intersubjectification are discussed using data from the history of English no doubt and surely. These adverbs arose out of non-modal expressions and were recruited for use as epistemic adverbs and metadiscursive markers. The data are shown not to support the hypothesis that expressions at left periphery are likely to be subjective (oriented toward turn-taking and discourse coherence), those at right periphery intersubjective (oriented toward turn-giving or elicitation of response, and toward the Addressee’s stance and participation in the communicative situation.). While no doubt is subjective at both left and right periphery, surely is intersubjective at both peripheries

Clause Structure and Word Order in the History of German

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Left Periphery ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Clause Structure ◽  
Verb Second ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Right ◽  
Theoretical Analyses

Over roughly the last decade, there has been a notable rise in new research on historical German syntax in a generative perspective. This volume presents a state-of-the-art survey of this thriving new line of research by leading scholars in the field, combining it with new insights into the syntax of historical German. It is the first comprehensive and concise generative historical syntax of German covering numerous central aspects of clause structure and word order, tracing them throughout various historical stages. Each chapter combines a solid empirical basis and valid descriptive generalizations with reference also to the more traditional topological model of the German clause with a detailed discussion of theoretical analyses couched in the generative framework. The volume is divided into three parts according to the main parts of the clause: the left periphery dealing with verbal placement and the filling of the prefield (verb second, verb first, verb third orders) as well as adverbial connectives; the middle field including discussion of pronominal syntax, order of full NPs and the history of negation; and the right periphery with chapters on basic word order (OV/VO), prosodic and information-structural factors, and the verbal complex including the development of periphrastic verb forms and the phenomena of IPP (infinitivus pro participio) and ACI (accusativus cum infinitivo). This book thus provides a convenient overview of current research on the major issues concerning historical German clause structure both for scholars interested in more traditional description and for those interested in formal accounts of diachronic syntax.

Evidence that iron accelerates Alzheimer’s pathology: a CSF biomarker study

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 456-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Ayton ◽  
Ibrahima Diouf ◽  
Ashley Ian Bush
Keyword(s):  
Disease Process ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Accelerated Depreciation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Amyloid Aβ ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Alzheimer’S Pathology

ObjectiveTo investigate whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ferritin (reporting brain iron) is associated with longitudinal changes in CSF β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau.MethodsMixed-effects models of CSF Aβ1-42 and tau were constructed using data from 296 participants who had baseline measurement of CSF ferritin and annual measurement of CSF tau and Aβ1-42 for up to 5 years.ResultsIn subjects with biomarker-confirmed Alzheimer’s pathology, high CSF ferritin (>6.2 ng/mL) was associated with accelerated depreciation of CSF Aβ1-42 (reporting increased plaque formation; p=0.0001). CSF ferritin was neither associated with changes in CSF tau in the same subjects, nor longitudinal changes in CSF tau or Aβ1-42 in subjects with low baseline pathology. In simulation modelling of the natural history of Aβ deposition, which we estimated to occur over 31.4 years, we predicted that it would take 12.6 years to reach the pathology threshold value of CSF Aβ from healthy normal levels, and this interval is not affected by CSF ferritin. CSF ferritin influences the fall in CSF Aβ over the next phase, where high CSF ferritin accelerated the transition from threshold preclinical Aβ levels to the average level of Alzheimer’s subjects from 18.8 to 10.8 years.ConclusionsIron might facilitate Aβ deposition in Alzheimer’s and accelerate the disease process.

PREDICTORS OF NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS AFTER CARDIAC SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS IN OLDERY PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 319-324
Author(s):  
О. В. Каменская ◽  
А. С. Клинкова ◽  
В. В. Ломиворотов ◽  
В. А. Шмырев ◽  
А. М. Чернявский
Keyword(s):  
Intraoperative Monitoring ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Myocardial Infarctions ◽  
Bypass Grafting ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Left And Right

Для выявления предикторов неврологических осложнений в госпитальный период после коронарного шунтирования (КШ) проанализированы данные 92 больных 70 лет и старше с ИБС. Интраоперационно проведен мониторинг церебральной оксигенации ( rSO , %). На этапе вводной анестезии средний уровень rSO по правому и левому полушариям составлял 64-65% без значительных изменений во время операции. Снижение rSO во время искусственного кровообращения (ИК) связано с увеличением риска развития неврологических осложнений в раннем послеоперационном периоде. При снижении rSO во время ИК на 20% и более относительно исходных значений по левому и правому полушариям риск неблагоприятных неврологических событий возрастает в 7 и 9 раз соответственно. Два и более инфаркта миокарда в анамнезе в 3 раза увеличивают риск неврологических осложнений после КШ. To identify predictors of neurological complications in the hospital period after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), 92 patients with coronary heart disease aged 70 years and over were analyzed. Intraoperative monitoring of cerebral oxygenation ( rSO , %) was carried out. At the stage of induction anesthesia, the average level of rSO for left and right hemispheres was 64-65 % without significant changes during the operation. A decrease in rSO during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was associated with increased risk of neurological complications. The risk of neurological complications increase 7-fold and 9-fold with a decrease in rSO by 20 % or more during CPB relative to baseline for left and right hemispheres, respectively. A history of two or more myocardial infarctions increases 3-fold the risk of neurological complications after CABG.

Public University Use of Social Infrastructure Public–Private Partnerships (P3s): An Exploratory Examination

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Levey ◽  
Ashley W. Connors ◽  
Lawrence L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Public University ◽  
Student Housing ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Housing Project ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Deep Dive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Using Data

Using data from the 50 states, this exploratory study looks at public university use of public–private partnerships (P3s) for a particular type of social infrastructure, student housing. The relation between state social infrastructure P3s enabling legislation and public university P3 student housing project closures is analyzed. A deep dive is conducted into the legislative requirements of four states (California, Florida, Georgia, and Virginia) that have specific enabling legislation governing public university use of P3s for social infrastructure. The study finds that public universities have a 20-year history of utilizing social infrastructure P3s for student housing. A relationship is found between state social infrastructure P3 enabling legislation and increased public university use of P3s for student housing. The study also finds that states with specific public university P3 social infrastructure enabling legislation place decidedly different requirements on their use.

scholarly journals Analysis Factors That Affecting the Incidence of Hypertension in Menopausal Woman

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Estin Gita Maringga ◽  
Nunik Ike Yunia Sari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Free Variable ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Menopausal Woman ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
History Of ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Village

Hypertension is an increased incidence of blood pressure characterized by the increase of sistole and diastole. Hypertension if not properly administered, can cause a variety of complications such as stroke, heart failure, renal failure, encephalopathy, and others. Based on the statistical data of menopause women risk to experience hypertension of 41% compared with males. This research aims to analyze the risk factors that affect the incidence of hypertension in menopausal women in the village Kayen Kidul. The design of research in this study uses cross sectional, with the population is all menopause women who have hypertension in the village of South Kayen, using simple random samplling technique, obtained as many as 71 respondents . The variables in this study consist of a free variable that is age and a history of the use of KB and variables bound in the form of hypertension in menopausal women. The study was conducted on 16-21 September 2019, collecting data using interview and observation techniques using data collection sheets. Data analysts use linear regression, with calculations using SPSS. The results in this study were obtained from 71 respondents, 59.2% of the mother aged < 60 years, 69% had a history of hormonal contraceptives, 57.6% menopause had hypertension. The aged menopause ≥ 60 years and has a history of hormonal contraceptives have a greater risk of hypertensive incidence in menopause.

scholarly journals Estimation of Cohort Fertility Using Parity Progression Ratio

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Dhanendra Veer Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Parity Progression ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Parity Progression Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cohort Fertility ◽  
Children Ever Born ◽  
Using Data

This study attempts to analyze the levels and patterns of cohort fertility in Nepal in 2016 using data on parity progression ratios (PPRs). Simple PPRs, rather than synthetic PPRs or birth history of women, are used in this study from distribution of women by age and children ever born. Data on PPRs are used from 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey to estimate cohort fertility of currently married and all women separately. Fertility is analyzed for different birth cohorts of women, specifically for birth cohorts of age groups 45-49, 20-24, 25-29, and 30-34 years, beside overall span of reproductive ages (15-49) for different purposes. The PPRs data are employed in this study in three different ways such as PPRs itself, proportion of women with at least ‘N’ number of children ever born (CEB), and cohort fertility rates. All three measures are implied to estimate cohort fertility of both currently married and all women separately. Fertility patterns are almost similar in all the three methods and other the measures show that the level of cohort fertility is still a little higher in Nepal, although it is declining gradually over time. The completed cohort fertility is estimated at around 4 in Nepal in 2016. The contribution of this article will be to check fertility level by applying this simple, but less common, method in estimating cohort fertility.

scholarly journals Pathways to Higher Education for Native Hawaiian Individual Development Account Participants

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Rothwell
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Native Hawaiians ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Welfare Receipt ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Asset Holding ◽  
History Of ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Cost

As the cost of higher education rises, a growing body of theory and research suggests that asset holding in the form of savings and net worth positively influence education expectations and outcomes. Native Hawaiians, like other Indigenous peoples, have disproportionately low college enrollment and graduation rates tied to a history of colonization. Using data from an Individual Development Account (IDA) program for Native Hawaiians, I examine the trajectories through the program and find: (a) welfare receipt and unemployment reduces the chances of IDA enrollment; (b) net worth increases the probability of IDA graduation; and (c) IDA graduates were more likely to gain a college degree over time compared to non-graduates. The study provides empirical evidence to the debate on asset-based interventions for Indigenous peoples.

scholarly journals Learning Strategies at SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Pandaan During Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhlasin Amrullah ◽  
Devi Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Learning Challenges ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
History Of ◽  
Using Data

The purpose of this study is to examine several aspects, including: the history of the establishment of SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Pandaan, learning strategies carried out in the midst of the covid 19 pandemic, learning methods, learning challenges, and effectiveness in learning at SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Pandaan. The research process uses descriptive qualitative methods. in the research process using data collection techniques by means of observation, interviews, and photos when the research was conducted. This study aims to determine the learning strategy in SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Pandaan. The strategy used at SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Pandaan in the midst of a pandemic is to use online learning strategies. Learning is carried out using zoom, google meet, wa, and youtube media, this is as an intermediary for learning in the midst of a pandemic, using these strategies can facilitate teaching and learning activities carried out by teachers and students online. SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Pandaan also experienced several challenges in carrying out learning in the midst of the covid-19 pandemic, one of which was that many students did not have the tools to do online learning such as cellphones, laptops, or computers, and some had problems such as having cellphones but many did not. have a quota or it is difficult to reach a signal when online learning is done. Although there are many challenges in carrying out learning activities in the midst of a pandemic like this, it does not eliminate the enthusiasm to keep learning even though you have to be at home online

scholarly journals Ouk ´Ismen Oudén: Negative Concord and Negative Polarity in the History of Greek

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Horrocks
Keyword(s):  
Negative Polarity ◽  
Left Periphery ◽  
Negative Concord ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Polarity Items ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
Negative Marker ◽  
Existential Quantification ◽  
Single Set

In Ancient Greek a single set of indefinite enclitic pronouns was used indifferently in both negative/affective environments (i.e. like negative polarity items (NPI)) and in positive ones (i.e. like positive polarity items (PPI)). At the same time the negative pronouns used as negative quantifiers (NQ) were also employed as emphatic NPIs, with negative concord. The two functions of each class (i.e. PPI-like vs NPI-like, NQ vs NPI) were determined by syntactic distribution. In the specific case of negative sentences, an indefinite before a sentential negative marker (NM) functioned like a PPI but after a NM like an NPI, while a negative pronoun before a NM was an NQ but after an NM an NPI. This pattern was at odds with the canonical VSO clause structure that evolved in later antiquity, in which focal constituents were contrastively stressed and fronted to the left periphery: neither indefinite nor negative pronouns could be focalised because of the prosodic and/or semantic restrictions on their distribution. This deficiency was eventually remedied by formal/prosodic recharacterisation, the loss of NQs and the generalisation of NPIs to all syntactic positions available to DPs, including the focus position, a process that triggered their reinterpretation as involving universal quantification over negation rather than, as before, existential quantification under negation. The Modern Greek PPI kápjos and NPI kanís are traced from their origins in Ancient Greek and their role in the evolution of the system is explored. The final outcome is typologically to be expected in so far as NQs are redundant in a system in which NPIs appear freely both before and after NMs.

scholarly journals Oral Antithrombotic Use Among Myocardial Infarction Patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menno E van der Elst ◽  
Nelly Cisneros-Gonzalez ◽  
Cornelis J de Blaey ◽  
Henk Buurma ◽  
Anthonius de Boer
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Record Linkage ◽  
Antithrombotic Therapy ◽  
Past History ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Antiplatelet Agents ◽  
Antithrombotic Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Using Data

OBJECTIVE To examine the use of oral antithrombotics (i.e., antiplatelet agents, oral anticoagulants) after myocardial infarction (MI) in the Netherlands from 1988 to 1998. METHODS Retrospective follow-up of 3800 patients with MI, using data from the PHARMO Record Linkage System. RESULTS From 1988 to 1998, oral antithrombotic treatment increased significantly from 54.0% to 88.9%. In 1998, only 75.8% of patients who experienced a MI in the late 1980s received oral antithrombotic treatment compared with 94.4% of those who experienced a recent MI. CONCLUSIONS Oral antithrombotics were considerably underused in patients with a past history of MI. Therefore, these patients should be reviewed for antithrombotic therapy to assess whether their failure to use oral antithrombotics was right or wrong, and whether treatment should be initiated if possible.

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